Editing Haryana (section)

==History==
{{Main|History of Haryana|List of Monuments of National Importance in Haryana|List of State Protected Monuments in Haryana|label 1 = History of Haryana|label 2 = National monuments in Haryana|label 3 = State monuments in Haryana}}

===Ancient period===
{{Main|Indus Valley Civilization|Vedic Civilization}}
{{multiple image
| perrow            = 2
| total_width       = 350
| caption_align     = center
| align             = left
| image1            = Skeleton harappa.JPG
| caption1          = A skeleton from an [[Indus Valley civilisation]] site near [[Rakhigarhi]].<ref name="IVC-Rakhigarhi"/> The skeleton is on display in the [[National Museum, New Delhi|National Museum]].
| image2            = Kurukshetra.jpg
| caption2          = Manuscript illustration of the [[Battle of Kurukshetra]], which is a war described in the [[Indian epic]] poem ''[[Mahābhārata]]''. The conflict arose from a dynastic succession struggle between two groups of cousins, the [[Kaurava]]s and [[Pandava]]s, for the throne of [[Hastinapura]] in an Indian kingdom called [[Kuru Kingdom|Kuru]].
}}
The villages of [[Rakhigarhi]] in [[Hisar district]] and [[Bhirrana]] in [[Fatehabad district]] are home to ancient sites of the [[Indus Valley Civilization]], which contain evidence of paved roads, a drainage system, a large-scale rainwater collection storage system, terracotta brick and statue production, and skilled metalworking (in both bronze and precious metals).<ref name="IVC-Rakhigarhi">{{citation |url=http://thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/rakhigarhi-the-biggest-harappan-site/article5840414.ece |title=Rakhigarhi, the biggest Harappan site |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=27 March 2014 |access-date=24 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127171505/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/rakhigarhi-the-biggest-harappan-site/article5840414.ece |archive-date=27 November 2016 |url-status=live |last1=Subramanian |first1=T. S. }}</ref>

During the [[Vedic era]], Haryana was the site of the [[Kuru Kingdom]], one of India's great [[Mahajanapadas]]. The south of Haryana is the claimed location of [[Manusmṛti|Manu]]'s state of [[Brahmavarta]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Haryana Plus|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20111220/harplus.htm|website=The Tribune|access-date=4 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031143942/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20111220/harplus.htm|archive-date=31 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=October 2019}} The area surrounding [[Dhosi Hill]], and districts of [[Rewari district|Rewari]] and [[Mahendragarh district|Mahendragarh]] had Ashrams of several Rishis who made valuable contributions to important Hindu scriptures like [[Vedas]], [[Upanishads]], [[Manusmriti]], [[Brahmana]]s and [[Puranas]].<ref>Sudhir Bhargava, "Location of [[Brahmavarta]] and [[Drishadvati river|Drishadwati river]] is important to find earliest alignment of Saraswati river" Seminar, Saraswati river-a perspective, 20–22 Nov 2009, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, organized by Saraswati Nadi Shodh Sansthan, Haryana, Seminar Report: pages 114–117</ref> As per Manusmriti,<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Mlecchas, Yavanas and Heathens: Interacting Xenologies in Early Nineteenth-Century Calcutta |first=Dermot |last=Killingley |title=Beyond Orientalism: The Work of Wilhelm Halbfass and Its Impact on Indian and Cross-cultural Studies |editor1-first=Eli |editor1-last=Franco |editor2-first=Karin |editor2-last=Preisendanz |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=2007 |isbn=978-8-12083-110-0 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tv-4tyO9u_QC&pg=PA125 |page=125}}</ref> Manu was the king of [[Brahmavarta]], the flood time state 10,000 years ago surrounded by oldest route of Sarasvati and Drishadwati rivers on the banks of which Sanatan-Vedic or present-day Hindu ethos evolved and scriptures were composed.

===Medieval period===
Ancient bronze and stone idols of Jain [[Tirthankara]] were found in archaeological expeditions in [[Badli]], [[Bhiwani]] ([[Ranila]], [[Charkhi Dadri]] and [[Badhra]]), [[Dadri]], [[Gurgaon]] ([[Gurugram]]), [[Hansi]], [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]], Kasan, Nahad, [[Narnaul]], [[Pehowa]], [[Rewari]], Rohad, [[Rohtak]] ([[Asthal Bohar]]) and [[Sonepat]] in Haryana.{{sfn|Atul Kumar Sinha|Abhay Kumar Singh|2007|p=401}}

[[File:Harsha Ka Tila.jpg|thumb|left|180px|''Harsha Ka Tila'' mound west of [[Sheikh Chilli's Tomb]] complex, with ruins from the reign of 7th-century ruler [[Harsha]].]]
[[Pushyabhuti dynasty]] ruled parts of northern India in the 7th century with its capital at [[Thanesar]]. [[Harsha]] was a prominent king of the dynasty. [[Tomara dynasty]] ruled the south Haryana region in the 10th century. [[Anangpal Tomar]] was a prominent king among the Tomaras.<ref>{{cite web|date=22 March 2021|title=Explained: The legacy of Tomar king Anangpal II and his connection with Delhi|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/tomar-king-anangpal-ii-legacy-delhi-7237182/|access-date=6 May 2021|website=The Indian Express|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413220940/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/tomar-king-anangpal-ii-legacy-delhi-7237182/|url-status=live}}</ref>

After the sack of [[Bhatner fort]] during the [[Timurid dynasty|Timurid]] conquests of India in 1398, [[Timur]] attacked and sacked the cities of [[Sirsa]], [[Fatehabad, Haryana|Fatehabad]], [[Sunam]], [[Kaithal]] and [[Panipat]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e9Q6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA497|title=The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians. The Muhammadan Period: Ed. from the Posthumous Papers of the Late Sir H. M. Elliot ..|last1=Elliot|first1=Sir Henry Miers|last2=Dowson|first2=John|date=1871|publisher=Trübner and Company|pages=427–31}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Haryana, Ancient and Medieval|last=Phadke|first=H.A.|date=1990|publisher=Harman Publishing House|page=123}}</ref>

[[File:Maharaja Hemu Bhargava - Victor of Twenty Two Pitched Battles, 1910s.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Portrait of [[Hemu|Hem Chandra Vikramaditya]], who fought and won across North India from the [[Punjab region|Punjab]] to [[Bengal]], winning 22 straight battles.{{sfn|Sarkar|1960|p=66}}]] 
[[Hem Chandra Vikramaditya]], also called [[Hemu]], claimed royal status and the throne of Delhi after defeating Akbar's Mughal forces on 7 October 1556 in the [[Battle of Delhi (1556)|Battle of Delhi]], and assumed the ancient title of [[Hemachandra Vikramaditya|Vikramaditya]]. The area that is now Haryana has been ruled by some of the major empires of India. [[Panipat]] is known for three seminal battles in the history of India. In the [[First Battle of Panipat]] (1526), [[Babur]] defeated the [[Lodi Empire|Lodis]]. In the [[Second Battle of Panipat]] (1556), [[Akbar]] defeated the local Haryanvi Hindu Emperor of Delhi, who belonged to [[Rewari]]. [[Hem Chandra Vikramaditya]] had earlier won 22 battles across India from 1553 to 1556 from [[Punjab]] to [[Bengal]], defeating the Mughals and Afghans. Hemu had defeated Akbar's forces twice at Agra and the [[Battle of Tughlaqabad|Battle of Delhi]] in 1556 to become the last Hindu Emperor of India with a formal coronation at [[Purana Quila]] in Delhi on 7 October 1556. In the [[Third Battle of Panipat]] (1761), the Afghan king [[Ahmad Shah Abdali]] defeated the [[Maratha Confederacy|Marathas]].<ref>{{cite book |author1=Arnold P. Kaminsky |author2=Roger D. Long |title=India Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wWDnTWrz4O8C&pg=PA300 |year=2011 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-313-37462-3 |page=300 |access-date=13 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619120748/https://books.google.com/books?id=wWDnTWrz4O8C&pg=PA300 |archive-date=19 June 2016 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

===British Period===
The state was part of the British [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab province]]. The [[Punjab Province (British India)#Administrative divisions|Delhi division]] of Punjab province formed the bulk of Haryana. Among the princely states that were located in the state were [[Jind State|Jind]], [[Kalsia State|Kalsia]], [[Loharu State|Loharu]], [[Dujana]] and [[Pataudi State|Pataudi]], as well as parts of the [[Patiala State]].

===Partition and aftermath===
During the [[Partition of India]], the Punjab province was one of two British Indian provinces, alongside Bengal, to be partitioned between India and Pakistan. Haryana, along with other Hindu and Sikh-dominated areas of Punjab province, became part of India as [[East Punjab]] state. As a result, a significant number of Muslims left for the newly formed country of [[Pakistan]]. Similarly, a huge number of Hindu and Sikh refugees poured into the state from [[West Punjab]]. [[Gopi Chand Bhargava]], who hailed from Sirsa in present-day Haryana, became the first Chief Minister of East Punjab.

===Formation of Haryana===
{{Main|Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966}}
Haryana as a state came into existence on 1 November 1966 the Punjab Reorganisation Act (1966). The Indian government set up the Shah Commission under the chairmanship of Justice JC Shah on 23 April 1966 to divide the existing state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and determine the boundaries of the new state of Haryana after consideration of the languages spoken by the people. It encompassed the predominantly Hindi-speaking southern part of former Punjab, while the state of Punjab was reduced to the area where Punjabi speakers formed the majority population. The commission delivered its report on 31 May 1966 whereby the then-districts of [[Hisar (district)|Hisar]], [[Mahendragarh]], [[Gurgaon]], [[Rohtak]] and [[Karnal]] were to be a part of the new state of Haryana. Further, the [[tehsil]]s of [[Jind]] and [[Narwana]] in the [[Sangrur]] district – along with [[Naraingarh]], [[Ambala]] and [[Jagadhri]] – were to be included.<ref>{{citation|title=the punjab reorganisation act, 1966 - Chief Secretary, Haryana|url=http://csharyana.gov.in/WriteReadData/Acts/Re-Organisation/1474.pdf|access-date=12 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081746/http://csharyana.gov.in/WriteReadData/Acts/Re-Organisation/1474.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

The commission recommended that the tehsil of [[Kharar, SAS Nagar|Kharar]], which includes [[Chandigarh]], the state capital of Punjab, should be a part of Haryana. However, [[Kharar, SAS Nagar|Kharar]] was given to Punjab.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.haryana-online.com/History/history_1966-.htm |title=History of Haryana - Haryana Day: A new state is born! |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002001513/http://haryana-online.com/History/history_1966-.htm |archive-date=2 October 2013 }}</ref> The city of Chandigarh was made a [[union territory]], serving as the capital of both Punjab and Haryana.<ref>{{citation|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/haryana-will-get-chandigarh-punjab-can-claim-lahore-or-shimla-says-peeved-hooda/1/296302.html|title=Haryana will get Chandigarh, Punjab can claim Lahore or Shimla, says a peeved Hooda|date=25 July 2013|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117024604/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/haryana-will-get-chandigarh-punjab-can-claim-lahore-or-shimla-says-peeved-hooda/1/296302.html|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[B. D. Sharma|Bhagwat Dayal Sharma]] became the first [[List of Chief Ministers of Haryana|Chief Minister of Haryana]].<ref>{{citation |title=List of Haryana Chief Ministers from November 1, 1966 till date |date=21 October 2014 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/list-of-haryana-chief-ministers-from-november-1-1966-till-date |access-date=12 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030051508/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/list-of-haryana-chief-ministers-from-november-1-1966-till-date/ |archive-date=30 October 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Devi Lal|Chaudhary Devi Lal]] is credited to be the individual who pushed for the creation of this commission. He was an instrumental figure in the separation of the Haryana state from Punjab in 1966.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chaudhary Devi Lal {{!}} Indian Politician & Freedom Fighter {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Chaudhary-Devi-Lal |access-date=6 August 2024 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>