Editing Harare (section)

===Early colonial history===
[[File:Hoisting the flag at Fort Salisbury.png|thumb|left|The [[Pioneer Column]] hoists the [[Union Jack]] on the [[Inselberg|koppie]] overlooking the city on 13 September 1890]]
[[File:Salisbury in 1930.jpg|thumb|left|Salisbury in 1930]]
The [[Pioneer Column]], a military volunteer force of settlers organized by [[Cecil Rhodes]], founded the city on 12 September 1890 as a fort.<ref name="Gold Fever (Hoste)">{{cite book|last=Hoste|first=Skipper|title=Gold Fever|editor=N.S.Davies|publisher=Pioneer Head|location=Salisbury, Rhodesia|year=1977|isbn=0-86918-013-4}}</ref><ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 120</ref> They originally named the city Fort Salisbury after [[Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|The 3rd Marquess of Salisbury]], then-[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]], and it subsequently became known simply as Salisbury. The Salisbury Polo Club was formed in 1896.<ref name="laffaye">Horace A. Laffaye, ''Polo in Britain: A History'', Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2012, p. 76</ref> Salisbury was declared a municipality in 1897, and it became a city in 1935.<ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Harare Harare], britannica.com, USA, accessed on 7 July 2019</ref>

[[File:Parlament of Zimbabwe.jpg|thumb|239x239px|The original [[Parliament House, Harare|Parliament House]], constructed in 1895]]

At the time of the city's founding, its site and surroundings were poorly drained. The earliest development was on sloping ground along the left bank of a stream, in an area where the Julius Nyerere Way industrial road runs today. The first area to be fully drained was near the head of the stream and was named Causeway. Causeway is now the site of many important government buildings, including the [[Senate]] House and the Office of the Prime Minister. After the position was abolished in January 1988, the office was renamed for the use of the [[President of Zimbabwe|President]].<ref>Journal of Frederick Courtney Selous, Rhodesiana Reprint Library, Salisbury, 1969</ref>

[[File:1970s Jameson Avenue, Salisbury, Rhodesia 6875739032.jpg|thumb|left|Jameson Avenue, Salisbury (now Samora Machel Avenue, Harare) in 1970|alt=]]

Salisbury was the seat of the [[British South Africa Company]] administrator and became the capital of the [[self-governing colony|self-governing]] British colony of [[Southern Rhodesia]] in 1923.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lee |first=M. Elaine |date=31 December 1975 |title=The origins of the Rhodesian Responsible Government Movement |url=https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/articles/journal_contribution/The_origins_of_the_Rhodesian_Responsible_Government_Movement/26458738?file=48108034 |journal=The Journal of Central Africa Historical Association (Rhodesian History) |language=en |volume=6 |publisher=Department of History, University of Rhodesia|pages=33–53}}</ref>