Editing Han Chinese (section)

==Designation==

=== "Han people" ===
The name "Han people" ({{zhi|s=汉人|t=漢人|p=Hànrén|first=t}}) first appeared during the [[Northern and Southern period]] and was inspired by the [[Han dynasty]], which is considered to be one of the first [[Golden ages of China|golden ages in Chinese history]]. As a unified and cohesive empire that succeeded the short-lived Qin dynasty, Han China established itself as the center of the East Asian geopolitical order at the time, projecting its power and influence unto Asian neighbors. It was comparable with the contemporary [[Roman Empire]] in population size, geographical extent, and cultural reach.<ref>{{cite book |last=Cohen |first=Warren I. |title=East Asia At The Center: Four Thousand Years of Engagement With The World |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=2000 |page=59}}</ref><ref name="EG">{{cite book |last=Minahan |first=James B. |title=Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-61069-017-1 |page=92}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Kang |first=David C. |title=East Asia Before the West: Five Centuries of Trade and Tribute |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-231-15319-5 |pages=33–34}}</ref> The Han dynasty's prestige and prominence led many of the ancient Huaxia to identify themselves as 'Han people'.<ref name="EC" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Tanner |first=Harold Miles |title=China: A History: From the Great Qing Empire through the People's Republic of China, 1644–2009 |publisher=Hackett |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-60384-204-4 |page=83}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Ueda |first=Reed |title=America's Changing Neighborhoods: An Exploration of Diversity through Places |publisher=Greenwood |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-4408-2864-5 |page=403}}</ref><ref name="HD">{{cite book |last=Eno |first=R. |url=http://www.indiana.edu/~e232/09-Han.pdf |title=The Han Dynasty (206 B.C. – A.D. 220) |publisher=Indiana University Press |page=1 |access-date=22 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711015633/http://www.indiana.edu/~e232/09-Han.pdf |archive-date=11 July 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Li |first=Xiaobing |title=China at War: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia |publisher=Pentagon |year=2012 |isbn=978-81-8274-611-4 |publication-date=30 June 2012 |page=155}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=China: A Religious State|last1=Hsu|first1=Cho-yun|last2=Lagerwey|first2=John|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2012|editor-last=Y. S. Cheng|editor-first=Joseph|page=126}}</ref> Similarly, the [[Chinese language]] also came to be named and alluded to as the "Han language" ({{zhi|s=汉语|t=漢語|p=Hànyǔ|first=t}}) ever since and the Chinese script is referred to as "[[Han characters]]".<ref name="EG" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Schaefer |first=Richard T. |year=2008 |title=Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society |volume=3 |location=Thousand Oaks, CA |publisher=Sage |isbn=978-1-4129-2694-2 |page=279}}</ref><ref name="HD" />

=== ''Huaren'' and ''Huayi'' ===
Prior to the Han dynasty, Chinese scholars used the term ''[[Huaxia]]'' ({{zhi|s=华夏|t=華夏|first=t|labels=no}}) in texts to describe [[China proper]], while the Chinese populace were referred to as either the 'various Hua' ({{zhi|s=诸华|t=諸華|first=t|p=Zhūhuá}}) or 'various Xia' ({{zhi|s=诸夏|t=諸夏|p=Zhūxià}}). This gave rise to two term commonly used nowadays by [[Overseas Chinese]] as an ethnic identity for the Chinese diaspora – ''Huaren'' ({{zhi|s=华人|t=華人|p=Huárén|first=t|l=ethnic Chinese people}}) and ''Huaqiao'' ({{zhi|s=华侨|t=華僑|p=Huáqiáo|l=the Chinese immigrant}}), meaning [[Overseas Chinese]].<ref name="hack" /> It has also given rise to the literary [[name for China]] – ''Zhonghua'' ({{zhi|s=中华|t=中華|p=Zhōnghuá|first=t}}).<ref name="MA" /> While the general term ''Zhongguo ren'' ({{zhi|s=中国人|t=中國人|first=t}}) refers to any [[Chinese citizen]] or [[Chinese national]] regardless of their ethnic origins and does not necessary imply Han ancestry, the term ''huaren'' in its narrow, classical usages implies Central Plains or Han ancestry.<ref name="sheng" />

=== ''Tangren'' ===
Among some southern Han Chinese varieties such as [[Yue Chinese|Cantonese]], [[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]] and [[Southern Min|Minnan]], the term ''Tangren'' ({{zhi|t=唐人|p=Tángrén|l=people of Tang}}), derived from the name of the later [[Tang dynasty]] (618–907) that oversaw what is regarded as another [[golden age of China]]. The self-identification as ''Tangren'' is popular in south China, because it was at this time that massive waves of migration and settlement led to a shift in the center of gravity of the Chinese nation away from the tumult of the Central Plains to the peaceful lands south of the Yangtze and on the southeastern coast, leading to the earnest settlement by Chinese of lands hitherto regarded as part of the empire's sparsely populated frontier or periphery. Guangdong and Fujian, hitherto regarded as backwater regions, were populated by the descendants of garrison soldiers, exiles and refugees, became new centers and representatives of Han Chinese culture under the influence of the new Han migrants. The term is used in everyday colloquial discourse and is also an element in one of the words for [[Chinatown]]: {{zhl|c=唐人街|p=Tángrénjiē|j=Tong4 jan4 gaai1|l=streets of Tang people}}.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Leung|first1=Genevieve Y.|last2=Wu|first2=Min-Hsuan|title=Linguistic landscape and heritage language literacy education|journal=Written Language & Literacy|year=2012|volume=15|issue=1|pages=114–140|doi=10.1075/wll.15.1.06leu}}</ref> The phrase {{zhp|s=华埠|t=華埠|first=t|p=Huábù}} is also used to refer to Chinatowns.

=== ''Zhonghua minzu'' ===
The term ''[[Zhonghua minzu]]'', literally the 'Chinese nation', currently used as a supra-ethnic concept publicised first by the Republic of China, then by the People's Republic of China, was historically used specifically to refer to the Han Chinese. In his article "Observations on the Chinese ethnic groups in History", [[Liang Qichao]], who coined the term ''Zhonghua minzu'', wrote "the present-day ''Zhonghua minzu'' refers to what is commonly known as the Han Chinese".{{Efn|{{lang|zh|「今日之中華民族，即普遍俗稱所謂漢族者。}}」}}<ref>{{Cite book |author=Liang |first=Qichao |script-title=zh:飲冰室合集 |trans-title=Collected works of Yinbinshi |publisher=Zhonghua Book Company|isbn=978-7-101-09490-9 |script-chapter=zh:歷史上中國民族之觀察 |trans-chapter=Observations on the Chinese ethnic groups in History |language=zh}}</ref> It was only after the founding of the Society for the National Great Unity of the Republic of China{{Efn|中华民国民族大同会}} in 1912 that the term began to officially include ethnic minorities from all regions in China.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=杨义 |year=2012 |script-title=zh:中华民族文化发展与西南少数民族 |url=http://iel.cass.cn/mzwxbk/mzwh/201311/t20131107_2764732.shtml |script-journal=zh:民族文学研究 |issue=1 |pages=5–21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=张晨怡 |script-title=zh:近代"中华民族"观念形成的文化考察 |url=http://www.historychina.net/sxwh/356014.shtml |script-website=zh:中华文史网 |language=zh}}</ref>