Editing Halogen (section)

=== Etymology ===
In 1811, the German chemist [[Johann Schweigger]] proposed that the name "halogen" – meaning "salt producer", from αλς [hals] "salt" and γενειν [genein] "to beget" – replace the name "chlorine", which had been proposed by the English chemist [[Humphry Davy]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Schweigger|first1=J.S.C.|title=Nachschreiben des Herausgebers, die neue Nomenclatur betreffend|journal=Journal für Chemie und Physik|date=1811|volume=3|issue=2|pages=249–255|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101076802287;view=1up;seq=295|trans-title=Postscript of the editor concerning the new nomenclature|language=de}}  On p. 251, Schweigger proposed the word "halogen":  ''"Man sage dafür lieber mit richter Wortbildung ''Halogen'' (da schon in der Mineralogie durch ''Werner's'' Halit-Geschlecht dieses Wort nicht fremd ist) von αλς ''Salz'' und dem alten γενειν (dorisch γενεν) ''zeugen''."'' (One should say instead, with proper morphology, "halogen" (this word is not strange since [it's] already in mineralogy via Werner's "halite" species) from αλς [als] "salt" and the old γενειν [genein] (Doric γενεν) "to beget".)</ref>  Davy's name for the element prevailed.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=J. S. C. Schweigger: His Romanticism and His Crystal Electrical Theory of Matter|journal=Isis|volume=62|issue=3 |pages=328–338|year=1971|doi=10.1086/350763|jstor=229946|last1=Snelders|first1=H. A. M.|s2cid=170337569}}</ref> However, in 1826, the [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[chemist]] Baron [[Jöns Jacob Berzelius]] proposed the term "halogen" for the elements fluorine, chlorine, and iodine, which produce a [[salt (chemistry)|sea-salt]]-like substance when they form a [[chemical compound|compound]] with an alkaline metal.<ref>In 1826, Berzelius coined the terms ''Saltbildare'' (salt-formers) and ''Corpora Halogenia'' (salt-making substances) for the elements chlorine, iodine, and fluorine.  See:  {{cite journal|last1=Berzelius|first1=Jacob|title=Årsberättelser om Framstegen i Physik och Chemie| journal=Arsb. Vetensk. Framsteg |trans-title=Annual Report on Progress in Physics and Chemistry|date=1826|publisher=P.A. Norstedt & Söner|location=Stockholm, Sweden|volume=6|page=187|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044092556919;view=1up;seq=195|language=sv}} From p. 187: ''"De förre af dessa, d. ä. ''de electronegativa'', dela sig i tre klasser: 1) den första innehåller kroppar, som förenade med de electropositiva, omedelbart frambringa salter, hvilka jag derför kallar ''Saltbildare'' (Corpora Halogenia). Desse utgöras af chlor, iod och fluor *)."'' (The first of them [i.e., elements], the electronegative [ones], are divided into three classes:  1) The first includes substances which, [when] united with electropositive [elements], immediately produce salts, and which I therefore name "salt-formers" (salt-producing substances).  These are chlorine, iodine, and fluorine *).)</ref><ref>The word "halogen" appeared in English as early as 1832 (or earlier).  See, for example: Berzelius, J.J. with A.D. Bache, trans., (1832) [https://books.google.com/books?id=eWsWAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA248 "An essay on chemical nomenclature, prefixed to the treatise on chemistry,"] ''The American Journal of Science and Arts'', '''22''': 248–276 ; see, for example [https://books.google.com/books?id=eWsWAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA263 p. 263.]</ref>

The English names of these elements all have the ending [[-ine]]. Fluorine's name comes from the [[Latin]] word ''fluere'', meaning "to flow", because it was derived from the mineral [[fluorite]], which was used as a [[Flux (metallurgy)|flux]] in metalworking. Chlorine's name comes from the [[Greek language|Greek]] word ''chloros'', meaning "greenish-yellow". Bromine's name comes from the Greek word ''bromos'', meaning "stench". Iodine's name comes from the Greek word ''iodes'', meaning "violet". Astatine's name comes from the Greek word ''astatos'', meaning "unstable".<ref name = "Nature's Building Blocks"/> Tennessine is named after the US state of [[Tennessee]], where it was synthesized.