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===Family and early life=== [[File:Apollinaire Rouveyre 1914.webm|thumb|thumbtime=1|upright=1.5|Apollinaire (left) and [[André Rouveyre]] in 1914]] [[File:Guillaume Apollinaire, 1902, Cologne.jpg|thumb|Apollinaire, 1902, Cologne]] Wilhelm Albert Włodzimierz Apolinary Kostrowicki was born in Rome, Italy, and was raised speaking French, Italian, and [[Polish language|Polish]].<ref name="starosti1">{{cite web|url=http://starosti.ru/address_article.php?address=11gio |title=Газетные "старости" (Архив) |publisher=Starosti.ru |date=9 January 1907 |access-date=6 December 2011}}</ref> He emigrated to France in his late teens and adopted the name Guillaume Apollinaire. His mother, born Angelika Kostrowicka, was a Polish-Lithuanian noblewoman born near [[Navahrudak]], [[Grodno Governorate]] (former Grand Duchy of Lithuania, present-day [[Belarus]]). His maternal grandfather participated in the 1863 uprising against occupying Russia and had to emigrate when the uprising failed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How Apollinaire's Polish Roots Impacted His Life & Work |url=https://culture.pl/en/article/how-apollinaires-polish-roots-impacted-his-life-work |access-date=2022-03-04 |website=Culture.pl |language=en}}</ref> Apollinaire's father is unknown but may have been Francesco Costantino Camillo Flugi d'Aspermont (born 1835), a [[Graubünden]] aristocrat who disappeared early from Apollinaire's life. Francesco Flugi d'Aspermont was a nephew of Conradin Flugi d'Aspermont (1787–1874), a poet who wrote in [[Ladin language|Ladin]] [[Putèr]] (an official language dialect of Switzerland spoken in Upper [[Engadin]]), and perhaps also descendant of the [[Minnesänger]] [[Oswald von Wolkenstein]] (born c. 1377, died 2 August 1445; see ''Les ancêtres Grisons du poète Guillaume Apollinaire'' at [[Geneanet]]).
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