Editing Guarana (section)

==Composition==
[[File:Guaranà original do Brasil.jpg|thumb|Guaraná fruits]]
[[File:Guaraná 02.jpg|thumb|Ripe guaraná fruits resemble [[Human eye|human eyes]].<ref name=Balston/>]]

According to the Biological Magnetic Resonance Data Bank, guaranine (better known as [[caffeine]]) is found in guaraná and is identical to caffeine derived from other sources, like [[coffee]], [[tea]], [[kola nut]], and [[Holly|Ilex]]. Guaranine, theine, and mateine are all synonyms for caffeine when the definitions of those words include none of the properties and chemicals of their host plants except caffeine.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bmrb.wisc.edu/metabolomics/gen_metab_summary_5.php?molName=caffeine#SYNONYMS |title=Caffeine |publisher=Biological Magnetic Resonance Data Bank, University of Wisconsin-Madison |access-date=2007-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071124120021/http://www.bmrb.wisc.edu/metabolomics/gen_metab_summary_5.php?molName=caffeine#SYNONYMS |archive-date=2007-11-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <!--See talk page before disputing any of the above information.-->

Natural sources of caffeine contain widely varying mixtures of [[xanthine]] [[alkaloid]]s other than caffeine, including the [[cardiac]] stimulants [[theophylline]], [[theobromine]] and other substances such as [[polyphenol]]s, which can form insoluble complexes with caffeine.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Balentine |first1=D.A. |last2=Harbowy |first2=M.E. |last3=Graham |first3=H.N. |title=Caffeine |editor-last=Spiller |editor-first=G. |chapter=Tea: the Plant and its Manufacture; Chemistry and Consumption of the Beverage |publisher=CRC Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8493-2647-9 |doi=10.1201/9781420050134.ch3|doi-broken-date=2024-11-11 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://chem.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/rn/58-08-2#names |title=Substance Name: Caffeine [USP:BAN:JAN] |work=ChemIDplus |publisher=US National Library of Medicine |access-date=28 January 2015 |archive-date=17 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117145719/https://chem.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/rn/58-08-2#names |url-status=live }}</ref> The main [[natural phenol]]s found in guarana are [[(+)-catechin]] and [[(-)-epicatechin]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Liquid chromatographic determination of methylxanthines and catechins in herbal preparations containing guaraná |vauthors=Carlson M, Thompson RD |journal=Journal of AOAC International |volume=81 |issue=4 |pages=691–701 |date=July–August 1998 |pmid=9680692 |doi=10.1093/jaoac/81.4.691 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

The table below contains a partial listing of some of the chemicals found in guaraná seeds,<ref name="duke-db" /><ref name="Duke1992a" /> although other parts of the plant also may contain them in varying quantities.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:35%; clear:left; margin:0 0 0.5em 1em;"
|+ A partial list of the components of guaraná seeds.<ref name="duke-db">{{citation |url=http://sun.ars-grin.gov:8080/npgspub/xsql/duke/plantdisp.xsql?taxon=703 |contribution=Guarana |title=Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases |date=2007-09-18 |access-date=2007-09-18 |oclc=41920916 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041119104654/http://sun.ars-grin.gov:8080/npgspub/xsql/duke/plantdisp.xsql?taxon=703 |archive-date=2004-11-19 }}</ref><ref name="Duke1992a">{{cite book |author=Duke JA |year=1992 |title=Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants |location=Boca Raton |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-8493-3672-0 |oclc=25874249
}}</ref>
|-
! Chemical component !! [[Parts per million]]
|-
! [[Adenine]]
|
|-
! [[Ash (analytical chemistry)|Ash]]
| < 14,200
|-
! [[Caffeine]]
| 9,100–76,000
|-
! [[Catechutannic-acid]]
|
|-
! [[Choline]]
|
|-
! [[D-catechin]]
|
|-
! [[Fat]]
| < 30,000
|-
! [[Guanine]]
|
|-
! [[Hypoxanthine]]
|
|-
! [[Mucilage]]
|
|-
! [[Protein]]
| < 98,600
|-
! [[Resin]]
| < 70,000
|-
! [[Saponin]]
|
|-
! [[Starch]]
| 50,000–60,000
|-
! [[Tannin]]
| 50,000–120,000
|-
! [[Theobromine]]
| 200–400
|-
! [[Theophylline]]
| 0–2,500
|-
! [[Timbonine]]
|
|-
! [[Xanthine]]
|
|-
|}