Editing Guar (section)

==Cultivation==
===Climate requirements===
Guar is drought-tolerant and sun-loving, but it is susceptible to frost.<ref name=Whistler/> Although it can cope with little but regular rainfall, it requires sufficient soil moisture before planting and during maturation of seeds.<ref>Anderson E. 1949. Endosperm mucilages of legumes: occurrences and composition. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 41:2887-2890.</ref> Frequent drought periods can lead to delayed maturation.<ref name=Undersander/> On the contrary, excessive moisture during the early growth phase and after maturation lead to lower seed quality.<ref name=Whistler/> Guar is produced near to coastal areas in the Gandhidham region of Kutch, Gujarat, India.

===Soil requirements===
''Cyamopsis tetragonoloba'' (L.) can grow on a wide range of soil types. Preferably in fertile, medium-textured and sandy [[loam]] soils that are well-drained, since waterlogging decreases plant performance. Guar grows best in moderate alkaline conditions (pH 7–8) and is tolerant of salinity. Its taproots are inoculated with rhizobia nodules and thus it produces nitrogen-rich biomass and improves [[soil quality]].<ref name=Undersander/>

===Cultural practices===
<ref name=Undersander/><ref name=Uni/>

{| class="wikitable"

|-
| Seeding || 
* Seedbed: firm, weed-free
* Date: soil temperature > 21&nbsp;°C (optimum: 30&nbsp;°C); monsoon-regions: after first rain event in June or early July
* Rate: seed use: 10–30&nbsp;kg/ha, biomass use: 50–100&nbsp;kg/ha
* Row spacing: seed use: 45–60&nbsp;cm, biomass use: 30–45&nbsp;cm
|-
| Fertilizer || 
* Nitrogen: not necessary
* Phosphorus: often limiting, US: Superphosphate 200–250&nbsp;kg/ha
|-
| Plant Protection || 
* Weeding: young guar plant development is susceptible to weeds. Early, well prepared seedbeds help reduce weed harm
* Diseases: choose disease-resistant cultivars, 2 major diseases: ''Alternaria cucumerina var. cyamopsidis'' and ''Xanthomonoas cyamopsidis''
* Predators: ''Contarinia texana'' guar midge: rainfall or sprinkler irrigation reduce midge populations
|-
| Harvest||  seed pods: dry, brown, 60–90 days after sowing; biomass: first lower pods turn brown
|-
| Yield|| seeds: 5–8 dt/ha; biomass: 40–50 t/ha
|-
|}

===Cultivation areas===
Guar is grown principally in north-western India with smaller crops grown in the semiarid areas of the high plains of Texas in the [[United States|US]],<ref>[http://juniper.tamu.edu/Agronomy/guar_production.htm "Guar Production"] Vernon Agricultural Research & Extension Center, Texas A&M Univ. 2006.</ref> Australia and Africa. The most important growing area centres on Jodhpur in Rajasthan, India, where demand for guar for fractionation produced an agricultural boom as in 2012.<ref name=NYT71612>{{cite news|title=In Tiny Bean, India's Dirt-Poor Farmers Strike Gas-Drilling Gold|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/17/world/asia/fracking-in-us-lifts-guar-farmers-in-india.html|access-date=July 17, 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=July 16, 2012|author=Gardiner Harris}}</ref> Currently [When? As of 2023?], India is the main producer of cluster bean, accounting for 80% production of the world's total, while the [[Rajasthan]], [[Gujarat]] and [[Kutch district|Kutch]] regions occupy the largest areas (82.1% of total) dedicated to guar cultivation. In addition to its cultivation in India, the crop is also grown as a cash crop in other parts of the world.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Pathak | first1 = R. | last2 = Singh | first2 = S. K. | last3 = Singh | first3 = M. | last4 = Henry | first4 = A. | title = Molecular assessment of genetic diversity in cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) genotypes | doi = 10.1007/s12041-010-0033-y | journal = Journal of Genetics | volume = 89 | issue = 2 | pages = 243–246 | year = 2010 | pmid =  20861578| s2cid = 7056607 }}</ref> Several commercial growers<ref>[http://westtexasguar.com "large scale guar growers"]</ref> have converted their crops to guar production to support the increasing demand for guar and other organic crops<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://guar-tex.com/ |title="organic fertilizer crops" |access-date=2022-03-20 |archive-date=2013-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605060808/http://guar-tex.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> in the United States.

===Varieties===
Pusa Naubahar and Pusa Sadabahar. Seeds at the rate of 30 kilograms/hectare (9–11&nbsp;lb/acre) are planted at a spacing of 45–60 × 20–30&nbsp;cm (18–24 × 8–12 in) in February–March and June–July. During the rainy season, seeds are sown 2–3&nbsp;cm (~1 in) deep on ridges and in furrows during summer months. FYM is applied at the rate of 25 tonnes/ha (11.1 tons/acre). N, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and K<sub>2</sub>O recommendation for the crop is 20:60:80&nbsp;kg/ha (18:53:71&nbsp;lb/acre). Average yield is 5 to 6 tonnes/ha (2.2–2.6 tons/acre). Meager information is available for genetic variability in cluster bean addressing the qualitative traits (Pathak et al. 2011).<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Pathak | first1 = R. | last2 = Singh | first2 = M. | last3 = Henry | first3 = A. | year = 2011 | title = Genetic diversity and interrelationship among clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) for qualitative traits | journal = Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences | volume = 81 | issue = 5| pages = 402–406 }}</ref>