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===European settlement=== The first Euro-American settlement on the banks of the [[Yazoo River]] was a trading post founded in 1834 by Colonel Dr. John J. Dilliard<ref name=greenwood>{{cite book|author1=Donny Whitehead|author2=Mary Carol Miller|title=Greenwood|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mTL6TxmacCwC|access-date=May 13, 2013|date=September 14, 2009|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=978-0-7385-6786-0}}</ref>{{rp|7}} and known as Dilliard's Landing. The settlement had competition from Greenwood Leflore's rival landing called Point Leflore, located three miles up the Yazoo River. The rivalry ended when Captain James Dilliard donated parcels in exchange for a commitment from the townsmen to maintain an all-weather turnpike to the hill section to the east, along with a stagecoach road to the more established settlements to the northwest.<ref>Smith, Frank E. (1954). ''The Yazoo River''. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. pp. 57-58. {{ISBN|0-87805-355-7}}</ref> The settlement was incorporated as "Greenwood" in 1844, named after Chief Greenwood LeFlore. The success of the city, founded during a strong international demand for [[cotton]], was based on its strategic location in the heart of the Delta: on the easternmost point of the [[alluvial plain]], and astride the [[Tallahatchie River|Tallahatchie]] and Yazoo rivers. The city served as a shipping point for cotton to major markets in [[New Orleans]], [[Vicksburg, Mississippi]], [[Memphis, Tennessee]], and [[St. Louis, Missouri]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Greenwood, Mississippi {{!}} Advisory Council on Historic Preservation |url=https://www.achp.gov/preserve-america/community/greenwood-mississippi#:~:text=Strategically%20located,%20Greenwood%20served%20as,town%20the%20name%20Cotton%20Row. |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=www.achp.gov}}</ref> The construction of the [[Yazoo and Mississippi Valley Railroad]] and the [[Georgia Pacific Railway]] through the city in the 1880s revitalized the local economy<ref name=greenwood/>{{rp|8}} and shortened transportation time to markets. Downtown's Front Street, bordering the Yazoo, was dominated by cotton [[Factor (agent)|factors]] and related businesses, earning that section the name "Cotton Row".
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