Editing Green anarchism (section)

===Background===
Before the [[Industrial Revolution]], the only occurrences of [[ecological crisis]] were small-scale, localised to areas affected by [[natural disaster]]s, [[overproduction]] or [[war]]. But as the [[enclosure]] of [[common land]] increasingly forced dispossessed workers into factories, more wide-reaching ecological damage began to be noticed by [[classical radicalism|radicals]] of the period.{{Sfn|Parson|2018|p=220}}

During the late 19th century, as [[capitalism]] and [[colonialism]] were reaching their height, political philosophers first began to develop critiques of [[Industrialisation|industrialised society]], which had caused a rise in [[pollution]] and [[environmental degradation]]. In response, these early environmentalists developed a concern for [[nature conservation|nature]] and [[wildlife conservation]], [[soil erosion]], [[deforestation]], and [[natural resource management]].{{Sfn|Morris|2017|p=371}} Early political approaches to environmentalism were supplemented by the [[Naturalism (literature)|literary naturalism]] of writers such as [[Henry David Thoreau]], [[John Muir]] and [[Ernest Thompson Seton]],{{Sfnm|1a1=Hall|1y=2011|1p=379|2a1=Morris|2y=2017|2p=373}} whose best-selling works helped to alter the popular perception of nature by rejecting the dualistic "[[Conflict (narrative)#Man against nature|man against nature]]" conflict.{{Sfn|Morris|2017|p=373}} In particular, Thoreau's advocacy of [[anti-consumerism]] and [[vegetarianism]], as well as his love for the [[wilderness]], has been a direct inspiration for many eco-anarchists.{{Sfn|Hall|2011|p=379}}

[[Ecology]] in its modern form was developed by [[Charles Darwin]], whose work on [[evolutionary biology]] provided a scientific rejection of [[Christianity|Christian]] and [[Cartesianism|Cartesian]] [[anthropocentrism]], instead emphasising the role of [[probability]] and [[Agency (philosophy)|individual agency]] in the process of [[evolution]].{{Sfn|Morris|2017|pp=373-374}} Around the same time, [[anarchism]] emerged as a political philosophy that rejected all forms of [[hierarchy]], [[authority]] and [[oppression]], and instead advocated for [[decentralisation]] and [[voluntary association]].{{Sfn|Hall|2011|pp=375-378}} The framework for an ecological anarchism was thus set in place, as a means to reject anthropocentric hierarchies that positioned humans in a dominating position over nature.{{Sfn|Hall|2011|p=375}}