Editing Gray's Anatomy (section)

=== Origins ===
The [[English people|English]] anatomist [[Henry Gray]] was born in 1827. He studied the development of the [[endocrine gland]]s and [[spleen]] and in 1853 was appointed Lecturer on Anatomy at [[St George's Hospital Medical School]] in [[London]]. In 1855, he approached his colleague [[Henry Vandyke Carter]] with his idea to produce an inexpensive and accessible anatomy textbook for medical students. Dissecting unclaimed bodies from workhouse and hospital [[mortuary|mortuaries]] through the [[Anatomy Act 1832]], the two worked for 18 months on what would form the basis of the book. Their work was first published in 1858 by [[John William Parker]] in London.<ref name=Gray1858>{{citation |year=1858 |author1=Gray, Henry |author2=Carter, Henry Vandyke |title=Anatomy Descriptive and Surgical |url=https://archive.org/stream/anatomydescript09graygoog#page/n7/mode/2up |place=London |publisher=John W. Parker and Son |access-date=16 October 2011}}</ref>
It was dedicated by Gray to [[Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, 1st Baronet]].

An imprint of this English first edition was published in the United States in 1859, with slight alterations.<ref name=Richardson2005>{{citation |year=2005 |author=Richardson, Ruth |chapter=A Historical Introduction to ''Gray's Anatomy'' |chapter-url= http://www.graysanatomyonline.com/content/0443066760/suppfiles/HistoricalIntro.pdf |title=Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice |edition=39th (electronic version) |editor=Susan Standring |page=4 |place=Edinburgh |publisher=Elsevier Churchill Livingston |access-date=16 October 2011}}</ref><ref name=USedition1859>{{citation |year=1859 |author1=Gray, Henry |author2=Carter, H.V. |url=http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/06220300R |title=Anatomy, descriptive and surgical |place=Philadelphia |publisher=Blanchard and Lea |access-date=16 October 2011 }}(Per [[United States National Library of Medicine|National Library of Medicine]] holdings). This is not the 'American' edition. American rights had yet to be purchased. It is an American publication of the English edition.</ref>

Gray prepared a second, revised edition, which was published in the United Kingdom in 1860, also by J.W. Parker.<ref name="Moore2008">{{citation|author=Moore, Wendy|title=Gray's Anatomy celebrates 150th anniversary|date=30 March 2008|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1583282/Grays-Anatomy-celebrates-150th-anniversary.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1583282/Grays-Anatomy-celebrates-150th-anniversary.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|newspaper=The Telegraph|publisher=[[Telegraph Media Group]]|access-date=16 October 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="BriefHistoryGrays">{{citation|title=A brief history of ''Gray's Anatomy''|url=http://www.coursewareobjects.com/marketing/standringtimeline.pdf|publisher=ElsevierHealth|access-date=16 October 2011}}</ref> However, Gray died the following year, at the age of&nbsp;34, having contracted [[smallpox]]<ref name=Moore2008/> while treating his nephew (who survived). His death had come just three years after the initial publication of his ''Anatomy Descriptive and Surgical''.

Even so, the work on his much-praised book was continued by others.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Poynter, F. N. L.|date=6 September 1958|title=Gray's Anatomy: The First Hundred Years|url=http://www.academia.dk/BiologiskAntropologi/Osteologi/GraysAnatomy/PDF/brmedj03067-0058.pdf|journal=British Medical Journal|volume=2 |issue=5096 |pages=610–11|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.5096.610 |pmid=13572853 |pmc=2026353 }}</ref>

[[Longman]]'s publication reportedly began in 1863, after their acquisition of the J.W. Parker publishing business.<ref name="LongmanPublication">{{citation |url=http://www-stage.pearsoned.com/about/history.htm#1800 |title=Longman's 1863 publication of ''Gray's Anatomy'' |work=Pearson Education: History |publisher=[[Pearson Education]] |access-date=16 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309033200/http://www-stage.pearsoned.com/about/history.htm#1800 |archive-date=9 March 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> This coincided with the publication date of the third British edition of ''Gray's Anatomy.''<ref name="GraysAnatomy35thBritish">{{citation| title=Gray's Anatomy | editor1-first=Roger | editor1-last=Warwick | editor2-first=Peter L. | editor2-last=Williams | edition=35th | publisher= Longman |location=London|year=1973}} p. iv (Previous Editions and Editors – listings)</ref> Successive British editions of ''Gray's Anatomy'' continued to be published under the Longman, and more recently [[Churchill Livingstone]]/[[Elsevier]] imprints, reflecting further changes in ownership of the publishing companies over the years.