Editing Grappling (section)

== Types of technique  ==
[[File:Hawaiian State Grappling Championships.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Hawaii]]an State Grappling Championships, August 2004.|alt=|left]]
[[File:Illustrerad Verldshistoria band I Ill 012.jpg|thumbnail|[[Ancient Egyptian]] wrestling]]
[[File:Pankratiasten in fight greek statue 2 century bC.jpg|thumb|A Greek bronze statue from 2nd century BC depicting [[Pankration]]. The standing fighter is applying an [[armlock]], a grappling technique. From the [[Staatliche Antikensammlungen]] in Munich.]]
[[File:Candi Prambanan - 100 Wrestling, Visnu Temple (12041663905).jpg|thumbnail|Bas-relief of grappling and locking techniques at [[Prambanan]] (9th century) in [[Indonesia]] ]]

Grappling techniques can be broadly subdivided into [[clinch fighting]]; [[takedown (grappling)|takedown]]s and [[throw (grappling)|throw]]s; [[submission hold]]s and [[Pin (wrestling)|pinning or controlling techniques]]; and [[Sweep (martial arts)#Ground work|sweeps]], reversals, turnovers, and escapes.
* '''Clinching''': or clinch work, takes place with both competitors on their feet using various [[grappling hold#Clinch hold|clinch holds]] applied to the upper body of the opponent. Clinch work is generally used to set up or defend against throws or takedowns.
* '''Takedowns''' : A takedown is used by one grappler to manipulate their opponent from a standing position to a position on the ground. The grappler completing the takedown aims to end in a dominant position.
* '''Throws''': A throw is a technique in which one grappler lifts or off-balances their opponent and maneuvers them forcefully through the air or to the ground. The purpose of throws varies among the different disciplines of grappling with some emphasizing throws with the potential to incapacitate the opponent, while leaving the thrower standing, or to gain a takedown or controlling position.
* '''Sprawling''' : A sprawl is a defensive technique usually used when the opponent attempts a takedown. It is performed by shifting the legs backwards and spread out in one fast motion. If done correctly one will land on their opponent's back and gain control.
* '''Submission holds''': There are generally two types of submission holds: those that would potentially strangle or suffocate an opponent ([[Choke hold|chokes]]), and those that would potentially cause injury to a joint or other body part ([[Joint lock|locks]]). In sport grappling, a competitor is expected to submit, either verbally or by tapping the opponent, to admit defeat when they are caught in a submission hold they cannot escape. Competitors who refuse to "tap out" risk unconsciousness or serious injury.
* '''Securing or controlling techniques''': A pin involves holding an opponent on their back in a position where they are unable to attack. In some styles of competitive grappling a pin is an instant victory, and in other styles it is considered a dominant position that is awarded with points. Other controlling techniques are used to hold an opponent face down on the ground or on all fours in order to prevent an escape or attack. Either of these types of technique may also be used as a prelude to a submission hold.
* '''Escapes''': In a general sense, an escape is accomplished by maneuvering out of danger or from an inferior position; for example when a grappler who is underneath [[side control]] moves to [[guard (grappling)|guard]] or gets back to a neutral standing position, or when a grappler is able to maneuver out of a submission attempt and back to a position where they are no longer in immediate danger of being submitted.
* '''Turnovers''': used to maneuver an opponent who is on all fours or flat on their stomach to their back, in order to score points, prepare for a pin or in order to gain a more dominant position.
* '''Reversals or sweeps''': These occur when a grappler who was underneath their opponent on the ground is able to maneuver so that they gain a top position over their opponent.