Editing Glottal stop (section)

==Writing==
{{see also|Glottal stop (letter)}}
[[File:Bilingual road sign in squamish language 1a.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Road sign in [[British Columbia]] showing the use of the digit ⟨7⟩ to represent {{Nowrap|{{IPA|/ʔ/}}}} in [[Squamish language|Squamish]].]]

In the traditional [[romanization]] of many languages, such as Arabic, the glottal stop is transcribed with the [[Modifier letter apostrophe|apostrophe]] [[ʼ|{{angle bracket|ʼ}}]] or the symbol [[ʾ|{{angbr|ʾ}}]], which is the source of the IPA character {{angbr IPA|ʔ}}. In many [[Polynesian languages]] that use the [[Latin alphabet]], however, the glottal stop is written with a rotated apostrophe, {{angbr|{{okina}}}} (called ''[[ʻokina]]'' in [[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]] and [[Samoan language|Samoan]]), which is commonly used to transcribe the Arabic [[ayin]] as well (also {{angbr|{{ayin}}}}) and is the source of the IPA character for the [[voiced pharyngeal fricative]] {{angbr IPA|ʕ}}. In [[Malay language|Malay]] the glottal stop is represented by the letter {{angbr|k}} (at the end of words), in [[Võro language|Võro]] and [[Maltese language|Maltese]] by {{angbr|q}}. Another way of writing the glottal stop is the [[Saltillo (linguistics)#The saltillo letter|saltillo]] {{Angbr|Ꞌ ꞌ}}, used in languages such as [[Tlapanec language|Tlapanec]] and [[Rapa Nui language|Rapa Nui]].

Other scripts also have letters used for representing the glottal stop, such as the [[Hebrew alphabet|Hebrew letter]] [[aleph]] {{angbr|{{Script/Hebrew|א}}}} and the [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] letter [[palochka]] {{angbr|Ӏ}}, used in several [[Languages of the Caucasus|Caucasian languages]]. The [[Arabic script]] uses [[hamza]] {{angbr|{{lang|ar|ء}}}}, which can appear both as a [[diacritic]] and as an independent letter (though not part of the alphabet). In [[Tundra Nenets language|Tundra Nenets]], it is represented by the letters [[modifier letter apostrophe|apostrophe]] {{angbr|ʼ}} and [[modifier letter double apostrophe|double apostrophe]] {{angbr|ˮ}}. In [[Japanese language|Japanese]], glottal stops occur at the end of interjections of surprise or anger and are represented by the character {{angbr|[[っ]]}}.

In the graphic representation of most [[Philippine languages]], the glottal stop has no consistent symbolization. In most cases, however, a word that begins with a vowel-letter (e.g. [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] {{lang|tl|aso}}, "dog") is always pronounced with an unrepresented glottal stop before that vowel (as in Modern [[German language|German]] and [[Hausa language|Hausa]]). Some orthographies use a hyphen instead of the reverse apostrophe if the glottal stop occurs in the middle of the word (e.g. Tagalog {{lang|tl|pag-ibig}}, "love"; or [[Visayan languages|Visayan]] ''gabi-i'', "night"). If it occurs in the end of a word, the last vowel can be written with a [[circumflex accent]] (known as the ''pakupyâ'') if both a stress and a glottal stop occur in the final vowel (e.g. ''basâ'', "wet") or a [[grave accent]] (known as the ''paiwà'') if the glottal stop occurs at the final vowel, but the stress occurs at the penultimate syllable (e.g. ''batà'', "child").<ref name="expr">{{Cite web |last=Morrow |first=Paul |date=March 16, 2011 |title=The Basics of Filipino Pronunciation: Part 2 of 3 • Accent Marks |url=https://www.pilipino-express.com/history-a-culture/in-other-words/1180-basics-of-filipino-pronunciation-part-2.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111227075213/https://www.pilipino-express.com/history-a-culture/in-other-words/1180-basics-of-filipino-pronunciation-part-2.html |archive-date=December 27, 2011 |access-date=July 18, 2012 |website=Pilipino Express |language=en}}</ref><ref name="nolasco">{{Citation |last=Nolasco |first=Ricardo M. D. |title=Grammar Notes on the National Language |url=https://fhl.digitalsolutions.ph/sites/default/files/grammar-notes.pdf |postscript=. |language=en }}{{dead link|date=September 2023}}</ref><ref name="tagalog">{{Cite book |url=https://www.supadu.com/images/ckfinder/26/pdfs/PIMSLEUR/Tagalog_Phase1-Bklt.pdf |title=Tagalog Reading Booklet |date=2007 |publisher=Simon & Schister's Pimsleur |editor-last=Schoellner |editor-first=Joan |editor-last2=Heinle |editor-first2=Beverly D. |pages=5–6 |access-date=2012-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131127030759/https://www.supadu.com/images/ckfinder/26/pdfs/PIMSLEUR/Tagalog_Phase1-Bklt.pdf |archive-date=2013-11-27 }}</ref>

Some [[Languages of Canada#Indigenous languages|Canadian indigenous languages]], especially some of the [[Salishan languages]], have adopted the IPA letter {{angbr|ʔ}} into their orthographies. In some of them, it occurs as a [[casing pair]], [[glottal stop (letter)|{{angbr|Ɂ}} and {{angbr|ɂ}}]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Proposal to Add Latin Small Letter Glottal Stop to the UCS |date=2005-08-10 |url=https://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n2962.pdf |postscript=. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926214035/https://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n2962.pdf |language=en |access-date=2011-10-26 |archive-date=2011-09-26 |url-status=live}}</ref> The digit {{angbr|7}} or a [[question mark]] is sometimes substituted for {{angbr|ʔ}}, and is preferred in languages such as [[Squamish language|Squamish]]. [[SENĆOŦEN]]{{spaced ndash}}whose alphabet is mostly unique from other Salish languages{{spaced ndash}}contrastly uses the [[comma]] {{angle bracket|,}} to represent the glottal stop, though it is optional.

In 2015, two women in the [[Northwest Territories]] challenged the territorial government over its refusal to permit them to use the letter {{angbr|ʔ}} in their daughters' names: ''Sahaiʔa'', a [[Chipewyan language|Chipewyan]] name, and ''Sakaeʔah'', a [[Slavey language|Slavey]] name (the two names are actually [[cognate]]s). The territory argued that territorial and federal identity documents were unable to accommodate the character. The women registered the names with hyphens instead of the {{angbr|ʔ}}, while continuing to challenge the policy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Browne |first=Rachel |date=12 March 2015 |title=What's in A Name? a Chipewyan's Battle Over Her Native Tongue |url=https://www.macleans.ca/society/life/all-in-the-family-name/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404142237/https://www.macleans.ca/society/life/all-in-the-family-name/ |archive-date=4 April 2015 |access-date=5 April 2015 |website=Maclean's |language=en}}</ref>

In the [[Crow language]], the glottal stop is written as a [[question mark]] {{angbr|?}}. The only instance of the glottal stop in Crow is as a [[question marker]] morpheme at the end of a sentence.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Graczyk |first=Randolph |title=A grammar of Crow = Apsáalooke Aliláau |date=2007 |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |others=Bloomington. American Indian Studies Research Institute Indiana University |isbn=978-0-8032-2196-3 |location=Lincoln |oclc=104894214}}</ref>

Use of the glottal stop is a distinct characteristic of the Southern Mainland [[Argyll]] dialects of [[Scottish Gaelic]]. In such a dialect, the standard Gaelic phrase {{lang|gd|Tha Gàidhlig agam}} ("I speak Gaelic"), would be rendered {{lang|gd|Tha Gàidhlig a'am}}.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}}

In the [[Nawdm language]] of Ghana, the glottal stop is written ''ɦ'', capital ''Ĥ''.