Editing Glossophobia (section)

== Symptoms ==
The more specific symptoms of speech anxiety can be grouped into three categories: physical, verbal, and non-verbal. Physical symptoms include: shaking, sweating, [[butterflies in the stomach]], dry mouth, and rapid heartbeats.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Anderson|first1=Page L.|last2=Zimand|first2=Elana|last3=Hodges|first3=Larry F.|last4=Rothbaum|first4=Barbara O.|date=2005|title=Cognitive behavioral therapy for public-speaking anxiety using virtual reality for exposure|journal=Depression and Anxiety|volume=22|issue=3|pages=156–158|doi=10.1002/da.20090|issn=1091-4269|pmid=16231290|s2cid=40320949}}</ref> As Garcia-Lopez (2013)<ref>{{cite web|title=Speech Anxiety|url=https://www.comm.pitt.edu/speech-anxiety|access-date=5 December 2018|website=University of Pittsburgh Department of Communication}}</ref> has noted, symptoms can include acute hearing, increased heart rate and blood pressure, dilated pupils, increased perspiration and oxygen intake, stiffening of neck/upper back muscles, and dry mouth. Uncontrollable shaking is also common and often occurs prior to the phobia-eliciting stimulus. Verbal symptoms include (but are not limited to) a tense or quivering voice, and vocalized pauses known as vocal fillers or [[speech disfluency]].  Nonverbal symptoms could include going blank during the speech, and remaining dependent on note cards.