Editing Glamis Castle (section)

==History==
[[File:Lithograph of Glamis Castle by T. Picken after G. Cattermole.jpg|thumb|A lithograph of Glamis Castle, created between 1847 and 1854]]
[[File:Glamis Morris.jpg|thumb|Glamis Castle in the snow, ''circa'' 1880]]
[[File: Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom (St. Edward's Crown).svg|thumb|Portal. Royal Coat of Arms]]
The vicinity of Glamis Castle has prehistoric traces; for example, a noted intricately carved [[Pictish stone]] known as the [[Eassie Stone]] was found in a creek-bed at the nearby village of [[Eassie]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=17730 |author=Hogan, C. Michael |title=Eassie Stone |work=The Megalithic Portal |editor=Burnham, Andy |date=7 October 2007}}</ref>

[[File:Glamis sca2.jpg|thumb|Lion sculptures of The Great Sundial on the front lawn]]
[[File:Rosa 'Glamis Castle'.jpg|thumb|Rosa 'Glamis Castle', a rose was named after Glamis Castle by the English rosegrower [[David C.H. Austin|David Austin]] ]]
[[File:Glamis sca4.jpg|thumb|Sitting room or family room at Glamis.]]

In 1034, [[Malcolm II of Scotland|Malcolm II]] was murdered at Glamis,<ref>{{cite book |title=Black's Picturesque Tourist of Scotland |url=https://archive.org/details/blackspicturesq01firgoog |publisher=Adam and Charles Black |year=1861}}</ref> where there was a Royal Hunting Lodge.<ref name=garden/> In [[William Shakespeare]]'s play ''[[Macbeth]]'' (1603–06), the eponymous character resides at Glamis Castle, although the historical [[Macbeth, King of Scotland|King Macbeth]] (d. 1057) had no connection to the castle.

By 1372, a castle had been built at Glamis, since in that year it was granted by [[Robert II of Scotland|Robert II]] to [[John Lyon (lord of Glamis)|Sir John Lyon]], [[Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne|Thane of Glamis]], husband of the king's daughter. Glamis has remained in the Lyon (later Bowes-Lyon) family since this time. The castle was rebuilt as an [[L-plan castle|L-plan]] [[tower houses in Britain and Ireland|tower house]] in the early 15th century.<ref name=rcahms/>

The title [[Lord Glamis]] was created in 1445 for [[Patrick Lyon, 1st Lord Glamis|Sir Patrick Lyon]] (1402–1459), grandson of Sir John. John Lyon, 6th Lord Glamis, married [[Janet Douglas, Lady Glamis|Janet Douglas]], daughter of the [[George Douglas, Master of Angus|Master of Angus]], at a time when [[James V of Scotland|James V]] was feuding with the Douglases. In December 1528, Janet was accused of treason for bringing supporters of the Earl of Angus to Edinburgh. She was then charged with poisoning her husband, Lord Glamis, who had died on 17 September 1528. Eventually, she was accused of witchcraft, and was burned at the stake at Edinburgh on 17 July 1537. James V subsequently seized Glamis, living there for some time.<ref name=garden/>

In 1543, Glamis was returned to [[John Lyon, 7th Lord Glamis]]. In 1606, [[Patrick Lyon, 9th Lord Glamis]], was created [[Earl of Kinghorne]]. He began major works on the castle, commemorated by the inscription "Built by Patrick, Lord Glamis, and D[ame] Anna Murray" on the central tower.<ref name=lbr>{{Historic Environment Scotland|num=LB11701|desc=Glamis Castle|cat=A|access-date=1 April 2019}}</ref> The English architect [[Inigo Jones]] has traditionally been linked to the redesign of the castle, though [[Historic Scotland]] consider the King's Master Mason [[William Schaw]] a more likely candidate, due to the traditional Scottish style of the architecture.<ref name=lbr/>

During the [[Commonwealth of England|Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland]], soldiers were garrisoned at Glamis. In 1670,
[[Patrick Lyon, 3rd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]], returned to the castle and found it uninhabitable. Restorations took place until 1689, including the creation of a major [[Baroque]] garden.<ref name=lbr/><ref name=garden/> [[John Bowes, 9th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne|John Lyon, 9th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]], succeeded in 1753, and in 1767 he married [[Mary Eleanor Bowes]], heiress to a coal-mining fortune. He set about improving the grounds of the castle in the picturesque style in the 1770s.<ref name=lbr/> The south-west wing was rebuilt after a fire in the early 19th century. In the 1920s, a huge fireplace from [[Gibside]], the Bowes-Lyon estate near [[Gateshead]], was removed and placed in Glamis' Billiard Room. The fireplace displays the coat of arms of the [[Blakiston baronets|Blakiston family]]; Gibside heiress Elizabeth Blakiston had married [[William Bowes (MP for County Durham)|Sir William Bowes]].<ref name=rcahms/><ref>{{cite web|last=Heritage|first=Camelot|url=http://www.camelotintl.com/heritage/castles/scotland/glamis/glbilard.html|title=Glamis Castle: The Billiard Room|work=British Heritage and Castles|publisher=Camelot Heritage|access-date=12 September 2010}}</ref> Several interiors, including the Dining Room, also date from the 18th and 19th centuries.<ref name=lbr/>

In 1900, [[Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon]] was born, the youngest daughter of [[Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]] and his wife, [[Cecilia Bowes-Lyon, Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne|Cecilia]] (née Cavendish-Bentinck). She spent much of her childhood at Glamis, which was used during the First World War as a military hospital.<ref name=lbr/> She was particularly instrumental in organising the rescue of the castle's contents during a serious fire on 16 September 1916.<ref>{{Citation |last=Shawcross |first=William |author-link=William Shawcross |title=Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother: The Official Biography |publisher=Macmillan |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4050-4859-0 |pages=79–80}}</ref> On 26 April 1923 she [[Wedding of Prince Albert, Duke of York, and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon|married]] [[Prince Albert, Duke of York]], second son of [[George V]], at Westminster Abbey. Their second daughter, [[Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon|Princess Margaret]], was born at Glamis Castle in 1930.<ref name=lbr/>

Since 1987, an illustration of the castle has featured on the reverse side of [[Banknotes of the pound sterling|ten pound notes]] issued by the [[Royal Bank of Scotland]].<ref name="scotbanks">{{cite web|url=http://www.scotbanks.org.uk/banknotes_current_royal_bank_of_scotland.php|title=Current Banknotes : Royal Bank of Scotland|publisher=The Committee of Scottish Clearing Bankers|access-date=2008-10-17}}</ref> Glamis is currently the home of [[Simon Bowes-Lyon, 19th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]], who succeeded to the earldom in 2016.