Editing Gianni Agnelli (section)

== Head of Fiat ==
[[File:Sandro Pertini e Gianni Agnelli.jpg|thumb|Agnelli (in the centre) and the Fiat board of directors meet then president [[Sandro Pertini]] (at his left) during an official visit to the new [[Sevel Val di Sangro]] factory in 1981]]
Agnelli became president of Fiat in 1966. He opened factories in many places, including the [[Soviet Union]] in the Russian city of [[Tolyatti]],<ref name="Coletto 2013"/> Spain,<ref name="Pirro 2008"/> and South America,<ref name="Kovick 2021"/> such as Automóveis in Brasil;<ref name="Coletto 2013"/> he also started international alliances and joint-ventures like [[Iveco]], which marked a new industrial mentality. During the international [[energy crisis of the 1970s]], he sold part of the company to Lafico, a [[Libya]]n company owned by [[Muammar Gaddafi]];<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.repubblica.it/online/lf_titoli_in_primo_piano/020301fiat/fiat/fiat.html|title=Fiat, Lafico (Libia) ha il 2%|work={{Lang|it|La Repubblica}}|language=it|date=1 March 2002|access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.italiaoggi.it/archivio/fiat-gheddafi-rientra-con-il-2-173565|title=Fiat, Gheddafi rientra con il 2%|work={{Lang|it|Italia Oggi}}|language=it|issue=52|date=2 March 2002|page=10|access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Giva|first=Giorgio|date=1 December 2021|url=https://www.firstonline.info/accadde-oggi-agnelli-apre-la-fiat-a-gheddafi-e-il-1976/|title=Accadde oggi – Agnelli apre la Fiat a Gheddafi: è il 1976|website=FIRSTonline|language=it|access-date=2 February 2023}}</ref> Agnelli would later repurchase these shares.<ref name="Pirro 2008"/><ref name="Coletto 2013"/> He was also closely connected with [[Juventus]], the most renowned Italian football club,<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Israely|first=Jeff|date=25 June 2006|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1207766-3,00.html|url-status=dead|title=All in the Family|magazine=Time|page=3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070302121024/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1207766-3,00.html|archive-date=2 March 2007|access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref> of which he was a fan and the direct owner.<ref name="UEFA 2003">{{cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/018d-0f8447928a82-7b74dc12e2b7-1000--juventus-mourn-passing-of-agnelli/|title=Juventus mourn passing of Agnelli|website=Inside Uefa|publisher=UEFA|date=24 January 2003|access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref><ref name="Beccantini 2004">{{cite news|last=Beccantini|first=Roberto|date=29 May 2004|url=http://archivio.lastampa.it/LaStampaArchivio/main/History/tmpl_viewObj.jsp?objid=5282173|url-status=dead|title=Le passioni Nel '55, appena maggiorenne, subentra al fratello e gestisce la rifondazione Nel '94 il ritorno al timone della societa' per un nuovo rilancio ricco di trionfi La sua Juve, vittorie e conti in regola Tessitore sottile della grande svolta manageriale|work={{Lang|it|Corriere della Sera}}|page=13|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707012933/http://archivio.lastampa.it/LaStampaArchivio/main/History/tmpl_viewObj.jsp?objid=5282173|archive-date=7 July 2012|access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref><ref name="Vaciago 2023">{{cite news|last=Vaciago|first=Guido|date=24 January 2023|url=https://www.tuttosport.com/news/calcio/serie-a/juventus/2023/01/24-102674742/gianni_agnelli_ventanni_a_chiedersi_cosa_avrebbe_detto|title=Gianni Agnelli, vent'anni a chiedersi cosa avrebbe detto|work=Tuttosport|language=it|access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref>

In 1969 and 1970, Fiat was joined by [[Ferrari]] and [[Lancia]]. In the 1970s, which were marked by labour tensions, Fiat expanded to the east and agreements with Poland, Turkey, and Yugoslavia were strengthened.<ref name="Coletto 2013"/> In 1974, he was elected president of [[Confindustria]] and came to terms with the labour unions by signing the agreement for the single point of contingency with the [[CGIL]] by [[Luciano Lama]].<ref name="Adnkronos 2023"/> The 1980s saw increased sales for Fiat under Vittorio Ghidella, with successes such as the [[Fiat Uno]], the [[Fiat Croma]], and the [[Lancia Thema]]. In 1986, after a failed agreement with [[Ford Motor Company]], Agnelli bought [[Alfa Romeo]] from the Italian state.<ref name="Coletto 2013"/> In the 1990s, as Fiat was unable to make inroads into the non-European automotive markets, Agnelli decided to form an alliance with [[General Motors]]. The agreement provided for General Motors to sell 5% of their shares in exchange for 20% of the Fiat Group's package, with the possibility after two years and within the next eight years to buy the remaining 80% of Fiat if it was sold.<ref name="Coletto 2013"/>

In 1991, Agnelli was named an [[Italian senator for life]] and joined the independent parliamentary group; he was later named a member of the [[Senate of the Republic (Italy)|Senate of the Republic]]'s defence commission. In 1997, he briefly acquired ''de facto'' control of [[Telecom Italia]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Bertelè|first=Umberti|date=7 April 2014|url=https://www.digital4.biz/executive/gianni-agnelli-e-stato-un-anticipatore-di-google/|title=Gianni Agnelli è stato un anticipatore di Google?|website=Digital4|language=it|access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref> In the early 2000s, Agnelli made overtures to General Motors resulting in an agreement under which General Motors progressively became involved in Fiat. The crisis of Fiat came when Agnelli was already fighting against cancer, and he could take little part in these events.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Berta|first1=Giuseppe|last2=Craveri|first2=Elisa|date=2002|title=Fiat: An Italian Crisis|journal=Italian Politics|publisher=Berghahn Books|volume=18|pages=237–249|issn=1086-4946|jstor=43039756}}</ref> Agnelli also encountered a number of difficulties with [[Mediobanca]] through [[Cesare Romiti]], who caused Agnelli anxiety. Mediobanca made a policy of constantly supervising Fiat because of their financial interests in the company, often becoming significantly involved in executive decisions and important issues. [[Vincenzo Maranghi]], who later became the CEO of the bank, eventually developed a close friendship with Agnelli, despite previous tensions.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1996/06/28/fiat-esce-cuccia-entra-maranghi.html|title=Fiat, esce Cuccia entra Maranghi|work={{Lang|it|La Repubblica}}|language=it|date=28 June 1996|access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref> At the time of his death in 2003, Fiat was worth €3.3 billion; Agnelli's inheritance was twenty-five times bigger by 2023.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mangano|first=Marigia|date=23 January 2023|url=https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/tra-scatole-societarie-e-traslochi-l-eredita-moltiplicata-20-anni-AEB44gYC|title=Tra scatole (societarie) e traslochi, l'eredità moltiplicata in 20 anni|work={{Lang|it|Il Sole 24 Ore}}|language=it|access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref>

Nicknamed ''L'Avvocato'' ("The Lawyer") because he had a degree in law even though he was never admitted to the Order of Lawyers, Agnelli was the most important figure in Italian economy, the symbol of capitalism throughout the second half of 20th century,<ref name="Stewart 2018">{{cite news|last=Stewart|first=Gaither|date=14 October 2018|url=https://countercurrents.org/2018/10/gianni-agnelli-the-grand-contradiction/|title=Gianni Agnelli—The Grand Contradiction|website=Countercurrents.org|access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Roberto|first=Luca|date=6 March 2021|url=https://www.ilfoglio.it/economia/2021/03/12/news/gianni-agnelli-un-istituzione-capitalistica-novecentesca-2019080/|title=Gianni Agnelli, un'istituzione capitalistica novecentesca|work=Il Foglio|language=it|access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref> and regarded by many as the true "King of Italy".<ref name="Gentile 2021">{{cite news|last=Gentile|first=Serena|date=6 March 2021|url=https://www.gazzetta.it/Calcio/Serie-A/Juventus/06-03-2021/sportweek-gianni-agnelli-100-anni-dell-avvocato-king-of-italy-4001190980731_preview.shtml|title=Gianni Agnelli, i 100 anni dell'Avvocato king of Italy|work=La Gazzetta dello Sport|language=it|access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref> A cultivated man of keen intelligence and a peculiar sense of humour, he was perhaps the most famous Italian abroad, particularly in the United States and New York,<ref>{{cite news|last=Platero|first=Mario|date=19 March 2021|url=https://lavocedinewyork.com/people/2021/03/19/gianni-agnelli-e-quella-irresistibile-storia-arte-damore-con-new-york-city/|title=Gianni Agnelli e quella irresistibile storia d'arte e d'amore con New York|work=La Voce di New York|language=it|access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Platero|first=Mario|date=24 January 2023|url=https://www.repubblica.it/cultura/2023/01/24/news/avvocato_gianni_agnelli_new_york_usa-384866822/|title=L'avvocato Agnelli a New York. Tra arte, moto e feste con gli amici|work={{Lang|it|La Repubblica}}|language=it|access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref> forming deep relationships with international bankers and politicians, largely through the [[Bilderberg Group]], whose conferences he attended regularly since 1958.<ref>{{cite news|last=Balestreri|first=Giuliano|date=28 May 2014|url=https://www.repubblica.it/economia/2014/05/28/news/gli_italiani_al_vertice_del_bilderberg_dalla_galassia_fiat_a_letta_e_tremonti-87492608/|title=Gli italiani al vertice del Bilderberg: dalla galassia Fiat a Letta e Tremonti|work={{Lang|it|La Repubblica}}|language=it|access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bilderbergmeetings.co.uk/2018/agnellis/|title=Bilderberg and the Agnellis|website=Bilderberg Meetings|date=29 May 2018|access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref> Some of the other Bilderberg regulars became close friends, among them [[Henry Kissinger]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Molinari|first=Maurizio|date=11 March 2021|url=https://www.repubblica.it/robinson/2021/03/11/news/henry_kissinger_gianni_agnelli_era_un_uomo_del_rinascimento_-300854379/|title=Henry Kissinger: 'Gianni Agnelli era un uomo del Rinascimento'|work={{Lang|it|La Repubblica}}|language=it|access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Toninelli|first=Giulia|date=12 March 2021|url=https://mowmag.com/lifestyle/henry-kissinger-racconta-gianni-agnelli-i-100-anni-dell-uomo-del-rinascimento|title=Henry Kissinger racconta Gianni Agnelli: i 100 anni dell'uomo 'del Rinascimento'|magazine=MOW|language=it|access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Caracciolo|first=Luca|date=25 January 2023|url=https://www.limesonline.com/henry-kissinger-amicizia-avvocato-agnelli-juventus-italia-usa/130837|title='L'Italia della guerra fredda e la mia amicizia con l'Avvocato Agnelli'|magazine=Limes|language=it|access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref> He was also close to [[John F. Kennedy]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Amato|first=Elisabetta|date=13 March 2021|url=https://zetaluiss.it/2021/03/13/gianni-agnelli-centanni-dopo/|title=Torinese, italiano, cosmopolita: Gianni Agnelli cent'anni dopo|website=Zeta Luiss|language=it|access-date=26 February 2023}}</ref> and was a friend of [[Truman Capote]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.corrieredellosport.it/news/calcio/serie-a/juve/2021/03/10-79829678/gianni_agnelli_in_bianco_e_nero_il_ritratto_dellavvocato|title=Gianni Agnelli in bianco e nero, il ritratto dell'Avvocato|work=Corriere dello Sport|language=it|date=10 March 2021|access-date=11 February 2023}}</ref> Another longtime associate was [[David Rockefeller]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Zucconi|first=Vittorio|date=25 January 2003|url=https://www.repubblica.it/online/economia/agnellidue/rocke/rocke.html|title='Era un leader, in America lo stavamo ad ascoltare'|work={{Lang|it|La Repubblica}}|language=it|access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.lastampa.it/cultura/2017/10/11/news/agnelli-e-rockefeller-restammo-senza-parole-1.34395432/|title=Agnelli e Rockefeller: restammo senza parole|work={{Lang|it|La Stampa}}|language=it|date=11 October 2017|access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref> who appointed him to the International Advisory Committee of [[Chase Manhattan Bank]], of which Rockefeller was chairman; Agnelli sat on this committee for thirty years. He was also a member of a [[syndicate]] with Rockefeller that for a time in the 1980s owned [[Rockefeller Center]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Rockefeller|first=David|date=2002|title=Memoirs|location=New York|publisher=Random House|pages=208, 479, 481|isbn=978-0-6794-0588-7}}</ref> He was also an honorary member of the [[International Olympic Committee]], a position he held until his death, and was named in 2000 the committee honorary president for [[Torino 2006]],<ref name="Vaciago 2023"/> of which he was an instrumental promoter.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tgposte.poste.it/2021/03/12/cento-anni-fa-nasceva-gianni-agnelli-un-francobollo-ricorda-lavvocato/|title=Cento anni fa nasceva Gianni Agnelli: un francobollo ricorda l'Avvocato|website=TG Poste|language=it|date=12 March 2021|access-date=14 February 2023}}</ref>