Editing Geography of Puerto Rico (section)

==Topography==
[[File:Puerto Rico Map Topographic fixed.jpg|thumb|right|500px|Topographic map of Puerto Rico, 1952.]]

Puerto Rico is mostly mountainous with large coastal areas in the north and south. The main mountain range is called [[Cordillera Central (Puerto Rico)|Cordillera Central]] (Central Mountain Range). The highest elevation in Puerto Rico, [[Cerro de Punta]] at {{convert|4393|ft|m|0}},<ref name=ciafactbook>[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/puerto-rico/ CIA – The World Factbook – Puerto Rico#Geography].</ref> is located in this range. Another important peak is [[El Yunque (Puerto Rico)|El Yunque]], the second highest peak in the [[Sierra Luquillo|Sierra de Luquillo]] at the [[El Yunque National Forest]], with an elevation of {{convert|3494|ft|m|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gorp.com/parks-guide/travel-ta-caribbean-national-forest-hiking-fishing-puerto-rico-sidwcmdev_066593.html|title=Caribbean National Forest - El Yunque Trail #15 - GORP.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818050917/http://www.gorp.com/parks-guide/travel-ta-caribbean-national-forest-hiking-fishing-puerto-rico-sidwcmdev_066593.html|archive-date=August 18, 2010}}</ref>

===Geology===
{{Main article|Geology of Puerto Rico}}

Puerto Rico is composed of [[Cretaceous]] to [[Eocene]] [[Volcanic rock|volcanic]] and [[Intrusive rock|plutonic]] rocks, which are overlain by younger [[Oligocene]] to recent [[carbonate]]s and other [[sedimentary rock]]s. Most of the caverns and karst topography on the island occurs in the northern Oligocene to recent carbonates. The oldest rocks are approximately 190 million years old ([[Jurassic]]) and are located at [[Sierra Bermeja]] along the [[Lajas Valley]] in the southwest part of the island. These rocks may represent part of the [[oceanic crust]] and are believed to come from the Pacific Ocean realm. Puerto Rico lies at the boundary between the Caribbean and North American [[Tectonic plate|plate]]s. This means that it is currently being deformed by the [[tectonics|tectonic]] stresses caused by the interaction of these plates. These stresses may cause [[earthquakes]] and [[tsunami]]s. These [[seismic]] events, along with [[landslide]]s, represent some of the most dangerous [[geologic hazards]] in the island and in the northeastern [[Caribbean]]. The [[List of earthquakes in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands|most recent major earthquake]] occurred on [[1918 San Fermín earthquake|October 11, 1918]], with seismic moment estimated at 7.5 on the [[moment magnitude scale]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Suarez |first=Luis E. |editor-last=Paz |editor-first=Mario |title=Puerto Rico |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PKwJCAAAQBAJ |journal=International Handbook of Earthquake Engineering: Codes, Programs, and Examples |date=December 6, 2012 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |publication-date=2012 |pages=401 |isbn=9781461520696}}</ref> It originated off the coast of [[Aguadilla, Puerto Rico|Aguadilla]] and was accompanied by a [[tsunami]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FqQoAQAAMAAJ |title=The Porto Rico earthquake of 1918 with descriptions of earlier earthquakes: Report of the Earthquake Investigation Commission |last1=Reid |first1=Harry Fielding  |last2=Taber |first2=Stephen |publisher=Government Print Office |year=1919}}</ref>

Lying about {{convert|75|mi|km|abbr=on}} north of Puerto Rico in the Atlantic Ocean at the boundary between the [[Caribbean Plate|Caribbean]] and [[North American Plate|North American]] plates is the [[Puerto Rico Trench]], the largest and deepest trench in the Atlantic. The trench is {{convert|1090|mi|km|abbr=on}} long and about {{convert|97|km|mi|abbr=on}} wide. At its deepest point, named the [[Milwaukee Deep|Milwaukee Depth]], it is {{convert|27,493|ft|m|abbr=on}} deep, or about {{convert|5.21|mi|km|abbr=on}}.