Editing Geoffrey A. Landis (section)

==Career==
After receiving his doctorate at Brown University, Landis worked at the NASA Lewis Research Center (now NASA Glenn) and the Ohio Aerospace Institute before accepting a permanent position at the [[Glenn Research Center|NASA John Glenn Research Center]],<ref name="bio"/> where he does research on Mars missions,<ref name="mars" /> [[solar energy]],<ref>{{cite journal|first=Geoffrey A.|last=Landis|title=Reinventing the Solar Power Satellite|journal=NASA Tm-2004-212743|pages=737|publisher=NASA, Glenn Research Center|date=February 2004|url=http://gltrs.grc.nasa.gov/reports/2004/TM-2004-212743.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071031063220/http://gltrs.grc.nasa.gov/reports/2004/TM-2004-212743.pdf|archive-date=October 31, 2007|bibcode=2002iaf..confE.737L}}</ref> and technology development for future space missions.<ref name="Goddard">{{cite web |url= http://ecolloq.gsfc.nasa.gov/archive/2007-Fall/announce.landis.html
 |title=Goddard Engineering Colloquium Announcement, October 15, 2007
 |work=Goddard Space Flight Center|location=Greenbelt, Maryland
 |access-date=March 25, 2010
}}</ref> He holds nine patents,<ref name="patents" /> and has authored or co-authored more than 300 published scientific papers<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mit.edu/aeroastro/www/people/landis/publications.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080610022256/http://mit.edu/aeroastro/www/people/landis/publications.html|title= Geoffrey A. Landis |work=Selected Scientific and Technical Publications |date=October 2005 |archive-date=June 10, 2008 |publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology |url-status=dead}}</ref> in the fields of [[astronautics]] and photovoltaics.

Landis has commented on the practicalities of generating oxygen and creating building materials for a future [[Colonization of the Moon|Moon base]] in ''[[New Scientist]]'',<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19325876.500-dose-of-crystals-could-make-moon-base-selfsufficient.html |title=Dose of crystals could make Moon base self-sufficient|date= January 22, 2007 |work=New Scientist|url-access=subscription  |publisher= Reed Business Information|issue=2587|last=Marks|first=Paul |access-date=March 25, 2010}}</ref> and on the possibilities of using readily available metallic iron to manufacture steel on Mars.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/nexis/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=21_T8920374441&format=GNBFI&sort=BOOLEAN&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T8920374444&cisb=22_T8920374443&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=272908&docNo=12 |title=Mars pioneers likely to produce their own steel|work=The West Australian, archived at [[LexisNexis]]|url-access=subscription  |location=Perth, Australia|date=September 30, 2008 |publisher=West Australian Newspapers|last=Hopkin|first=Michael |access-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref>

He is the recipient of numerous professional honors, including the [[American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics]] ''Aerospace Power Systems Award'',<ref>American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, [https://www.aiaa.org/HonorsAndAwardsRecipientsList.aspx?awardId=fdf8bd15-e0e3-4794-b925-6b981a7af67f Aerospace Power Systems Award Recipients] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825055142/https://www.aiaa.org/HonorsAndAwardsRecipientsList.aspx?awardId=fdf8bd15-e0e3-4794-b925-6b981a7af67f |date=August 25, 2018 }} (retrieved May 14, 2014)</ref> the NASA ''Space Flight Awareness award''<ref>NASA [https://sfa.jsc.nasa.gov/action.cfm?award_type_id=All&lastname=Landis&firstname=Geoffrey&midinitial=&event=All&nasa_center_id=All&emp_id=All&presentedby=&datepresented1=&datepresented2=&submit=Search+%3E%3E Space Flight Awareness award] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819104508/https://sfa.jsc.nasa.gov/action.cfm?award_type_id=All&lastname=Landis&firstname=Geoffrey&midinitial=&event=All&nasa_center_id=All&emp_id=All&presentedby=&datepresented1=&datepresented2=&submit=Search+%3E%3E |date=August 19, 2014 }} (retrieved May 14, 2014)</ref> and the [[Rotary International|Rotary]] National Award for Space Achievement ''Stellar Award'' in 2016.<ref>Rotary National Award for Space Achievement Foundation, [http://www.rnasa.org/stellar/stellarwinners2016.html 2016 Stellar Awards]</ref>

===Photovoltaic power systems===
Much of Landis' technical work has been in the field of developing [[solar cell]]s and [[photovoltaic system|arrays]], both for terrestrial use and for spacecraft.

===Mars===
Landis has worked on a number of projects related to developing technology of human and robotic exploration of Mars and scientific analysis of the Martian surface,<ref>Link to [https://scholar.google.com/scholar?as_q=Mars&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=title&as_sauthors=Landis&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&btnG=&hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C21 Google scholar references]</ref> including studies of the performance of [[photovoltaic cells]] in the Mars environment,<ref>{{Cite book|doi=10.1109/PVSC.1990.111816|chapter=Design considerations for Mars photovoltaic systems|title=IEEE Conference on Photovoltaic Specialists|pages=1263–1270|year=1990|last1=Landis|first1=G.A.|author2-link=Joseph Appelbaum|last2=Appelbaum|first2=J.|s2cid=119737588}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |doi = 10.2514/3.23877|title = Solar radiation on Mars - Stationary photovoltaic array|journal = Journal of Propulsion and Power|volume = 11|issue = 3|pages = 554–561|year = 1995|last1 = Appelbaum|first1 = J.|last2 = Sherman|first2 = I.|last3 = Landis|first3 = G. A.|hdl = 2060/19940010257|hdl-access = free}}</ref><ref>Geoffrey A. Landis, Thomas W. Kerslake, Phillip P. Jenkins and David A. Scheiman, [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20040191326.pdf Mars Solar Power], NASA/TM—2004-213367, November 2004; paper AIAA–2004–5555</ref> the effect of Martian dust on performance,<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Landis | first1 = Geoffrey A. | last2 = Jenkins | first2 = Phillip P. | year = 2000 | title = Measurement of the settling rate of atmospheric dust on Mars by the MAE instrument on Mars Pathfinder | doi = 10.1029/1999JE001029 | journal = J. Geophys. Res. | volume = 105 | issue = E1| pages = 1855–1857 | bibcode=2000JGR...105.1855L| doi-access = free }}</ref> and technologies for dust removal from the arrays.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Landis | first1 = Geoffrey A. | year = 1998 | title = Mars Dust-Removal Technology | doi = 10.2514/2.5258 | journal = Journal of Propulsion and Power | volume = 14 | issue = 1| pages = 126–128 }}</ref>
He was a member of the Rover team on the [[Mars Pathfinder]] mission,<ref>JPL, [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/MPF/bios/#landis Meet The Mars Pathfinder Scientists], Mars Pathfinder Home Page (1997)</ref><ref>{{cite journal |first=Geoffrey A. |last=Landis |title= Adventures in the Mars Business |journal= Analog Science Fiction and Fact|publisher=[[Dell Magazines]]|date=July–August 1998 |url=http://www.analogsf.com}}</ref> and named the Mars rock, "[[Yogi rock|Yogi]]".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geoffreylandis.com/marsmail.htp |title=e-mail from Mars |date=July 1997 |access-date=December 27, 2010}}</ref> He is a member of the science team on the 2003 [[Mars Exploration Rover]]s mission,<ref name="Goddard"/> where his work includes observations of Martian dust devils,<ref>G. A. Landis, ''et al''., [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/7thmars2007/pdf/3149.pdf "Dust Devils in Gusev Crater: A Second Year of Observations by the Spirit Rover"], 7th International Conference on Mars, Pasadena, CA, LPI Contributions 1353 (2007): 3149. [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007LPICo1353.3149L abstract].</ref> atmospheric science measurements, and observation of frost on the equator of Mars.<ref>G. A. Landis and the MER Athena Science Team, [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2007/pdf/2423.pdf observation of frost on the equator of Mars by the Opportunity Rover], Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVIII (2007) abstract 2423.</ref> He was also a member of the Mars ISPP Propellant Precursor experiment team for the [[Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander]] mission, an experiment package to demonstrate manufacture of oxygen from the Martian atmosphere (which was cancelled after the failure of the [[Mars Polar Lander]]).<ref>D. I. Kaplan, et al., [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20000012715 The Mars In-Situ-Propellant-Production Precursor (MIP) Flight Demonstration], Workshop on Mars 2001: Integrated Science in Preparation for Sample Return and Human Exploration; 54-56; NASA Johnson Space Center; Houston, TX  (1999)</ref>

He has also done work on analyzing concepts for future [[Exploration of Mars|robotic]] and [[human mission to Mars]]. These include the [[Mars Geyser Hopper]] spacecraft, a [[Discovery Program|Discovery-class]] mission concept that would investigate the springtime [[carbon dioxide]] [[Martian geyser]]s found in regions around the [[Planum Australe|south pole of Mars]],<ref name="Geyser Hopper">{{cite conference |author=Geoffrey A. Landis |author2=Steven J. Oleson |author3=Melissa McGuire |title=Design Study for a Mars Geyser Hopper |conference=50th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Conference |publisher=Glenn Research Center, NASA |date=January 9, 2012 |id=AIAA-2012-0631 |url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20120004036_2012004260.pdf |access-date=July 1, 2012}}; available from NTRS as {{cite journal |url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20120004036 |title=Design Study for a Mars Geyser Hopper |access-date=July 1, 2012 |date=January 9, 2012 |website=NASA}}</ref> the Human Exploration using Real-time Robotic
Operations ("HERRO") concept for [[telerobotics|telerobotic]] Mars exploration,<ref>G.A. Landis, "Teleoperation from Mars Orbit: A Proposal for Human Exploration", ''Acta Astronautica'', Vol. 61, No. 1, pp 59-65; presented as paper IAC-04-IAA.3.7.2.05, 55th International Astronautical Federation Congress, Vancouver BC, October 4–8, 2004.</ref><ref>Steven R. Oleson, Geoffrey A. Landis, Melissa L. McGuire, and George R. Schmidt, [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20130011281.pdf HERRO Mission to Mars Using Telerobotic Surface Exploration From Orbit], NASA/TM—2013-217414; paper AIAA–2011–0334, AIAA Space 2011 Conference & Exposition, {{doi|10.2514/6.2011-7343}}</ref> and concepts for use of [[In-situ resource utilization]] for a [[Mars sample-return mission]].<ref>Geoffrey A. Landis, P. Cunio, T. Ishimatsu, J. Keller, Z. Khan, and R. Odegard, [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/7thmars2007/pdf/3369.pdf "Mars Sample Return with ISRU"], Seventh International Conference on Mars (2007).</ref> In a 1993 paper, he suggested the use of a phased program of Mars exploration, with a series of incremental achievements leading up to human landings on Mars.<ref>David S. F. Porttree, [https://www.wired.com/2014/03/footsteps-mars-1993/ "Footsteps to Mars (1993)"], ''Wired'', March 1, 2014.</ref>

===NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts===
[[File:Zephyr Venus Landsailing Rover.jpg|thumb|The [[Zephyr (rover)|''Zephyr'']] landsailing rover, a concept for a wind-propelled rover on the surface of Venus.  Image from NASA John Glenn Research Center, for the NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts ("NIAC") project.]]
Landis was a fellow of the [[NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts]] ("NIAC"), where he worked on a project investigating the use of laser- and particle-beam pushed [[Solar sail|sails]] for propulsion for [[interstellar propulsion|interstellar flight]].<ref name="niac">{{cite web |url= http://www.niac.usra.edu/studies/4Landis.html |title=NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts Phase I studies |work=NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts |location=Atlanta, Georgia |access-date=December 27, 2010}}</ref> In 2002 Landis addressed the annual convention of the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] on the possibilities and challenges of interstellar travel in what was described as the "first serious discussion of how mankind will one day set sail to the nearest star". Dr. Landis said, "This is the first meeting to really consider interstellar travel by humans. It is historic. We're going to the stars. There really isn't a choice in the long term." He went on to describe a star ship with a diamond sail, a few [[nanometres]] thick, powered by solar energy, which could achieve "10 per cent of the speed of light".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/1385077/Reach-for-the-stars-on-a-beam-of-light.html |title=Reach for the stars on a beam of light |work=Daily Telegraph |location=London |publisher=Telegraph Media Group|last=Highfield|first=Roger|date=February 16, 2002 |access-date=March 25, 2010}}</ref>

He was selected again as a NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts fellow in 2012,<ref name="gizmag2012">David Szondy, "[http://www.gizmag.com/nasa-niac-2012/23568/ NASA announces advanced technology proposals"], ''gizmag'',  August 5, 2012 (Retrieved August 9, 2012)</ref> with feasibility concept of a [[Land sailing|landsailing]] rover for Venus exploration,<ref>Keith Wagstaff, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' Techland blog, [https://techland.time.com/2012/08/13/whats-next-for-nasa-10-wild-newly-funded-projects/ "What's Next for NASA? 10 Wild Newly Funded Projects"] August 14, 2012 (Retrieved September 1, 2012)</ref> called [[Venus Landsailing Rover]], and in 2015 was the science lead on a NIAC study to design a mission to [[Neptune]]'s moon [[Triton (moon)|Triton]].<ref>Becky Ferreira, [https://www.vice.com/en/article/neptune-or-bust/ Why We Should Use This Jumping Robot to Explore Neptune], Motherboard, August 28, 2015 // 08:00 AM EST  (Retrieved September 14, 2014)</ref>

In 2017, Landis's work was the subject of the book<ref>Heilman, Richard, [http://www.cleveland.com/berea/index.ssf/2017/11/post_256.html "Book spotlights scientist's work on Venus rover"], ''Berea News Sun'', November 17, 2017. Retrieved Dec, 7, 2017.</ref> ''Land-Sailing Venus Rover With NASA Inventor Geoffrey Landis'', published by [[World Book encyclopedia|World Book]]<ref>''[http://vip.worldbook.com/land-sailing-venus-rover Land-Sailing Venus Rover With NASA Inventor Geoffrey Landis]'', {{ISBN|978-0-7166-6160-3}} World Book, Chicago 2017. Retrieved December 7, 2017.</ref> as part of their "Out of This World" book series for ages 10–14+.<ref>World Book, [http://vip.worldbook.com/out-of-this-world-books Out Of This World], 2017. Retrieved December 7, 2017.</ref>

===Academic positions===
In 2005–2006, he was named the [[Ronald E. McNair]] Visiting Professor of Astronautics at [[MIT]],<ref>{{cite web |url= http://web.mit.edu/aeroastro/news/enews/enews_2005_10.html |title=MIT Aero-Astro: News & Events – enews |date=October 2005 |work=Massachusetts Institute of Technology |access-date=March 25, 2010}}</ref> and won the [[American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics|AIAA]] Abe M. Zarem Educator Award in 2007.<ref>AIAA Honors & Awards: [http://www.aiaa.org/content.cfm?pageid=401&AwardView=Type&LUPARTICIPATIONCODE=HAZAREMED Abe M. Zarem Educator Award] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110130043805/http://aiaa.org/content.cfm?pageid=401&AwardView=Type&LUPARTICIPATIONCODE=HAZAREMED |date=January 30, 2011 }} recipients (Retrieved Sep. 2011</ref>
Landis has also been a faculty member of the [[International Space University]]; in 1998 he was on the faculty of the Department of Mining, Manufacturing, and Robotics in the Space Studies Program, and in 1999 he was on the faculty of the 12th Space Studies Program at the [[Suranaree University of Technology]] in [[Nakhon Ratchasima]], [[Thailand]]. and co-chair of the student project "Out of the Cradle".<ref>ISU Summer Session Program report [http://neptune.spaceports.com/~helmut/exploration99/preface/faculty_foreword.html Out of the Cradle] report, Sept, 4 1999 (Retrieved September 11, 2011)</ref> He was also a guest lecturer at the ISU 13th Space Studies Program in [[Valparaíso]], [[Chile]], and the 2015 Space Studies Program in [[Athens, Ohio]].<ref>ISU, [http://www.isunet.edu/about/space-studies-program/faculty-and-lecturers/237 Faculty and Lecturers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814171511/http://www.isunet.edu/about/space-studies-program/faculty-and-lecturers/237 |date=August 14, 2019 }}</ref>

As a writer, he was an instructor at the [[Clarion Workshop|Clarion Writers Workshop]] at [[Michigan State University]] in 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://clarion.ucsd.edu/alumni.html|title=Clarion's Distinguished Alumni & Faculty|work=Clarion Science Fiction & Fantasy Writers' Workshop|publisher=The Clarion Foundation|access-date=March 25, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070106015620/http://clarion.ucsd.edu/alumni.html|archive-date=January 6, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was a guest instructor at the Launch Pad workshop for 2012.<ref>Mike Brotherton, [http://www.mikebrotherton.com/2011/08/29/launchpad-2012-guest-instructor-will-be-geoffrey-landis/ Launch Pad 2012 Guest Instructor will be Geoffrey Landis] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013220419/http://www.mikebrotherton.com/2011/08/29/launchpad-2012-guest-instructor-will-be-geoffrey-landis/ |date=October 13, 2011 }} August 29, 2011</ref>