Editing General Court (European Union) (section)

==Composition==
Since February 2020 the General Court is composed of 54 Judges; this follows a 2016 reform which increased the number of judges to two per member state by 2019, and the departure of the UK from the EU at the end of January 2020. The Judges are appointed for a renewable term of six years by common accord of the governments of the Member States. {{As of|February 2020}}, there are 49 Judges in post: 23 member states have nominated both their judges, whilst Latvia, Poland, and Slovakia have nominated just one, and Slovenia has nominated neither.

The members of the General Court elect their president and the presidents of the Chambers of five Judges from among their number for a renewable period of three years.

There are no permanent [[Advocates General]] attached to the General Court (unlike the [[European Court of Justice]], which has eleven Advocates General). However, the task of an Advocate General may be performed in a limited number of cases by a Judge nominated to do so. In practice this has been done occasionally.

===List of presidents===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
!Elected
!Term ended
!Judge
|-
|25 September 1989
|18 September 1995||{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[José Luís da Cruz Vilaça]]
|-
|18 September 1995
|4 March 1998||{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Antonio Saggio]]
|-
|4 March 1998
|17 September 2007||{{flagicon|Denmark}} [[Bo Vesterdorf]]
|-
|17 September 2007
|26 September 2019||{{flagicon|Luxembourg}} [[Marc Jaeger]]
|-
|27 September 2019
|''Incumbent''||'''{{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Marc van der Woude]]'''
|}

=== List of vice-presidents ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Elected
!Term ended
!Judge
|-
|17 September 2013
|19 September 2016
|{{flagicon|Finland}} [[Heikki Kanninen]]
|-
|20 September 2016
|26 September 2019
|{{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Marc van der Woude]]
|-
|27 September 2019
|''Incumbent''||'''{{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Savvas Papasavvas]]'''
|}

===List of judges===

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" border="1" style="text-align:left"
! Name !! Country !! Elected !! Current term ends
!Other
|-
|[[Viktor Kreuschitz]]||{{flagicon|Austria}} Austria||2013||2022
|
|-
|[[Gerhard Hesse]]
|{{flagicon|Austria}} Austria
|2019
|2022
|
|-
|[[:nl:Paul Nihoul|Paul Nihoul]]||{{flagicon|Belgium}}  Belgium ||2016|| 2022
|
|-
|[[Geert De Baere]]||{{flagicon|Belgium}}  Belgium ||2017|| 2022
|
|-
|[[Mariyana Kancheva]]||{{flagicon|Bulgaria}}  Bulgaria || 2011|| 2025<ref name=firsreappointandreappoint>{{Cite web|url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2019/02/01/court-of-justice-of-the-european-union-eleven-members-appointed/|title = Court of Justice of the European Union: Eleven members appointed}}</ref>
|
|-
|[[Alexander Kornezov]]||{{flagicon|Bulgaria}}  Bulgaria || 2016|| 2025<ref name=firsreappointandreappoint />
|President of the Tenth Chamber
|-
|[[Vesna Tomljenović]]||{{flagicon|Croatia}}  Croatia || 2013 || 2025<ref name=appointreappoint>{{Cite web|url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2019/05/29/member-states-representatives-appoint-14-judges-to-the-general-court/|title = Member states' representatives appoint 14 judges to the General Court}}</ref>
|President of the Second Chamber
|-
|[[Tamara Perišin]]||{{flagicon|Croatia}}  Croatia || 2019 || 2025<ref name=appointreappoint />
|
|-
|'''[[Savvas Papasavvas]]'''||{{flagicon|Cyprus}}  Cyprus||2004||2022
|Vice-president of the General Court (2019–2022)
|-
|[[Anna Marcoulli]]||{{flagicon|Cyprus}}  Cyprus||2016||2022
|President of the Sixth Chamber
|-
|[[Petra Škvařilová-Pelzl]]||{{flagicon|Czech Republic}}  Czech Republic || 2019|| 2025
|
|-
|[[David Petrlík]]||{{flagicon|Czech Republic}}  Czech Republic || 2021|| 2025
|
|-
|[[Sten Frimodt Nielsen]]||{{flagicon|Denmark}}  Denmark || 2007|| 2022
|
|-
|[[Jesper Svenningsen (Lawyer)|Jesper Svenningsen]]||{{flagicon|Denmark}}  Denmark || 2016|| 2022
|President of the Eighth Chamber
|-
|[[Lauri Madise]]||{{flagicon|Estonia}} Estonia || 2013|| 2022
|
|-
|[[Iko Nõmm]]||{{flagicon|Estonia}} Estonia || 2019<ref name=appointreappoint /> || 2022<ref name=appointreappoint />
|
|-
|[[Heikki Kanninen]]||{{flagicon|Finland}}  Finland || 2009 || 2022
|President of the First Chamber<br />Vice-president of the General Court (2013–2016)
|-
|[[Tuula Pynnä]]||{{flagicon|Finland}}  Finland || 2019<ref name=appointreappoint /> || 2022<ref name=appointreappoint />
|
|-
|[[Stéphane Gervasoni]]||{{flagicon|France}}  France || 2013|| 2025<ref name=firsreappointandreappoint />
|President of the Fourth Chamber
|-
|[[Laurent Truchot]]||{{flagicon|France}}  France || 2019<ref name=firsreappointandreappoint />|| 2025<ref name=firsreappointandreappoint />
|Judge (2007–2013)
|-
|[[Johannes Laitenberger]]||{{flagicon|Germany}}  Germany || 2019|| 2025
|
|-
|[[Gabriele Steinfatt]]||{{flagicon|Germany}}  Germany || 2019 || 2025<ref name=appointreappoint />
|
|-
|[[Dimitris Gratsias]]||{{flagicon|Greece}} Greece || 2010|| 2022
|
|-
|[[Constantinos Iliopoulos]]||{{flagicon|Greece}} Greece || 2016|| 2022
|
|-
|TBA||{{flagicon|Hungary}}  Hungary || ||
|
|-
|[[Zoltán Csehi (Lawyer)|Zoltán Csehi]]||{{flagicon|Hungary}}  Hungary || 2016|| 2022
|
|-
|[[Suzanne Kingston]]||{{flagicon|Ireland}}  Ireland || 2021|| 2025<ref name="December 2021 Appointments">{{cite web |title=EU Court of Justice: nine judges of the General Court appointed |url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2021/12/21/eu-court-of-justice-nine-judges-of-the-general-court-appointed/ |website=consilium.europa.eu |access-date=26 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
|
|-
|[[Colm Mac Eochaidh]]||{{flagicon|Ireland}}  Ireland || 2017|| 2025<ref name=appointreappoint />
|
|-
|[[Roberto Mastroianni]]||{{flagicon|Italy}}  Italy || 2019|| 2025
|
|-
|[[Ornella Porchia]]||{{flagicon|Italy}}  Italy || 2019|| 2025
|
|-
|TBA||{{flagicon|Latvia}}  Latvia || ||
|
|-
|[[Inga Reine]]||{{flagicon|Latvia}}  Latvia || 2016|| 2025<ref name=firsreappointandreappoint />
|
|-
|[[Rimvydas Norkus]]||{{flagicon|Lithuania}}  Lithuania || 2019|| 2025
|
|-
|[[Virgilijus Valančius]]||{{flagicon|Lithuania}}  Lithuania || 2016|| 2019*
|
|-
|[[Marc Jaeger]] || {{flagicon|Luxembourg}} Luxembourg || 1996|| 2022
|President of the General Court (2007–2019)
|-
|[[Dean Spielmann]]||{{flagicon|Luxembourg}} Luxembourg || 2016|| 2022
|President of the Fifth Chamber
|-
|[[Eugène Buttigieg]]||{{Flagicon|Malta}} Malta || 2012|| 2025
|
|-
|[[Ramona Frendo]]||{{Flagicon|Malta}} Malta || 2019|| 2025
|
|-
|'''[[Marc van der Woude]]'''||{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} Netherlands || 2010|| 2022
|President of the General Court (2019–2022)<br />Vice-president of the General Court (2016–2019)
|-
|[[René Barents]]||{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} Netherlands || 2016|| 2022
|
|-
|[[Krystyna Kowalik-Bańczyk]] ||{{flagicon|Poland}}  Poland || 2016|| 2022
|
|-
|[[Nina Półtorak]]||{{flagicon|Poland}}  Poland || 2016 ||2016*
|
|-
|[[Ion Gâlea]] ||{{flagicon|Romania}}  Romania || 2021|| 2022
|
|-
|[[Mirela Stancu]]||{{flagicon|Romania}}  Romania || 2019<ref name=firsreappointandreappoint /> || 2022<ref name=firsreappointandreappoint />
|
|-
|[[Ricardo Da Silva Passos]]||{{flagicon|Portugal}} Portugal||2016||2022
|President of the Seventh Chamber
|-
|[[Maria José Costeira]]||{{flagicon|Portugal}} Portugal||2016||2022
|President of the Ninth Chamber
|-
|[[Juraj Schwarcz]]||{{flagicon|Slovakia}}  Slovakia || 2009|| 2022
|
|-
|TBA
|{{flagicon|Slovakia}}  Slovakia
|
|
|
|-
|[[Maja Brkan]]||{{flagicon|Slovenia}}  Slovenia || 2021|| 2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 July 2021 |title=Entry into office of a new member of the General Court of the European Union |url=https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2021-07/cp210119en.pdf |website=Court of Justice of the European Union |series=PRESS RELEASE No 119/21}}</ref>
|
|-
|[[Damjan Kukovec]]
|{{flagicon|Slovenia}}  Slovenia
|TBA
|
|
|-
|[[José Martín y Pérez de Nanclares]]||{{flagicon|Spain}}  Spain || 2019|| 2025
|
|-
|[[Miguel Sampol Pucurull]]||{{flagicon|Spain}}  Spain || 2019|| 2025
|
|-
|[[Ulf Christophe Öberg]]      ||{{flagicon|Sweden}}  Sweden || 2016 || 2025<ref name=firsreappointandreappoint />
|
|-
|[[Fredrik Schalin]]     ||{{flagicon|Sweden}}  Sweden || 2016 || 2025<ref name=firsreappointandreappoint />
|
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki> Judge continues to hold the office until their successor takes up the duties according to the Article 5(3) of the Protocol No. 3 on the Statute of the Court of Justice of the EU

===List of former judges===
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" border="1" style="text-align:left"
! Name !! Country !! Elected !! Term ended  || Ref.
|-
|[[Josef Azizi]]
|{{flagicon|Austria}} Austria
|19 January 1995
|16 September 2013
|<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_90360/sl/|title=CURIA – Mandati od leta 1989 – Sodišče Evropske unije|website=curia.europa.eu|access-date=2020-01-16}}</ref>
|-
|[[Koen Lenaerts]]
|{{flagicon|Belgium}}  Belgium
|25 September 1989
|6 October 2003
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Franklin Dehousse]]
|{{flagicon|Belgium}}  Belgium
|6 October 2003
|19 September 2016
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Teodor Tchipev]]||{{flagicon|Bulgaria}} Bulgaria || 12 January 2007|| 29 June 2010 ||<ref name="CURIA – Former Members" />
|-
|[[Irena Pelikánová]]
|{{flagicon|Czech Republic}}  Czech Republic
|12 May 2004
|26 September 2019
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Jan M. Passer]]
|{{flagicon|Czech Republic}}  Czech Republic
|19 September 2016
|6 October 2020
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=EU Court of Justice: three judges and an advocate-general appointed|url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/sl/press/press-releases/2020/09/02/eu-court-of-justice-three-judges-and-an-advocate-general-appointed/|access-date=2020-12-17|website=consilium.europa.eu|language=sl}}</ref>
|-
|[[Bo Vesterdorf|Bo Versterdorf]]
|{{flagicon|Denmark}}  Denmark
|25 September 1989
|17 September 2007
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Küllike Jürimäe]]
|{{flagicon|Estonia}} Estonia
|12 May 2004
|23 October 2013
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Virpi Tiili]]||{{flagicon|Finland}} Finland || 8 January 1995 || 6 October 2009 ||<ref name=":1">{{cite web |url=http://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_9606/?hlText=Tiili |title=CURIA – Former Members |publisher=CVRIA |access-date=2 May 2010}}</ref>
|-
|[[Jacques Biancarelli]]
|{{flagicon|France}}  France
|25 September 1989
|18 September 1995
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[André Potocki]]
|{{flagicon|France}}  France
|18 September 1995
|19 September 2001
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Hubert Legal]]
|{{flagicon|France}}  France
|19 September 2001
|17 September 2007
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Heinrich Kirschner]]
|{{flagicon|Germany}}  Germany
|25 September 1989
|6 February 1997
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Jörg Pirrung]]
|{{flagicon|Germany}}  Germany
|11 June 1997
|17 September 2007
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Alfred Dittrich]]
|{{flagicon|Germany}}  Germany
|17 September 2007
|26 September 2019
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Christos G. Yeraris]]
|{{flagicon|Greece}} Greece
|25 September 1989
|18 September 1992
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Andreas Kalogerpoulos]]
|{{flagicon|Greece}} Greece
|18 September 1992
|17 September 1998
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Michail Vilaras]]
|{{flagicon|Greece}} Greece
|17 September 1998
|25 October 2010
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Ottó Czúcz]]
|{{flagicon|Hungary}}  Hungary
|12 May 2004
|19 September 2016
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Barna Berke]]
|{{flagicon|Hungary}}  Hungary
|19 September 2016
|2 August 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-02|title=Meghalt Berke Barna, az Európai Unió Törvényszékének bírája, az Igazságügyi Minisztérium egykori államtitkára|url=https://telex.hu/belfold/2021/08/02/meghalt-berke-barna-az-europai-unio-torvenyszekenek-biraja-az-igazsagugyi-miniszterium-egykori-allamtitkara|access-date=2021-08-02|website=telex|language=hu}}</ref>
|-
|[[Donal Barrington]]
|{{flagicon|Ireland}}  Ireland
|25 September 1989
|10 January 1996
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[John Cooke (judge)|John Cooke]]
|{{flagicon|Ireland}}  Ireland
|10 January 1996
|15 September 2008
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Kevin O'Higgins]]
|{{flagicon|Ireland}}  Ireland
|15 September 2008
|16 September 2013
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Anthony Collins (judge)|Anthony M. Collins]]
|{{flagicon|Ireland}}  Ireland
|16 September 2013<ref>{{cite web |title=Anthony Michael Collins |url=https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/rc4_170642/en/ |website=CURIA |access-date=26 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101035105/https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/rc4_170642/en/ |archive-date=1 January 2020}}</ref>
|7 October 2021<ref>{{cite web |title=CURIA – Presentation of the Members – Court of Justice of the European Union |url=https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7026/en/ |website=curia.europa.eu |access-date=26 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206154429/https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7026/en/ |archive-date=6 December 2021}}</ref>
|-
|[[Antonio Saggio]]
|{{flagicon|Italy}}  Italy
|25 September 1989
|4 March 1998
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Paolo Mengozzi]]
|{{flagicon|Italy}}  Italy
|4 March 1998
|3 May 2006
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Enzo Moavero Milanesi]]
|{{flagicon|Italy}}  Italy
|3 May 2006
|15 November 2011
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Guido Berardis]]
|{{flagicon|Italy}}  Italy
|17 September 2012
|31 August 2019
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Ezio Perillo]]
|{{flagicon|Italy}}  Italy
|19 September 2016
|26 September 2019
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Ingrida Labucka]]
|{{flagicon|Latvia}}  Latvia
|12 May 2004
|25 February 2020
|
|-
|[[Vilenas Vadapalas]]
|{{flagicon|Lithuania}}  Lithuania
|12 May 2004
|16 September 2013
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Egidijus Bieliūnas]]
|{{flagicon|Lithuania}}  Lithuania
|16 September 2013
|26 September 2019
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Romain Schintgen]]
|{{flagicon|Luxembourg}} Luxembourg
|25 September 1989
|11 July 1996
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Ena Cremona]]||{{flagicon|Malta}}  Malta || 12 May 2004 || 22 March 2012 ||<ref name="CURIA – Former Members" />
|-
|[[Peter George Xuereb]]
|{{flagicon|Malta}}  Malta
|6 June 2016
|8 October 2018
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Cornelis Paulus Briët]]
|{{flagicon|Netherlands}} Netherlands
|25 September 1989
|17 September 1998
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Arjen Meij]]||{{flagicon|Netherlands}} Netherlands||17 September 1998||13 September 2010 ||<ref name="CURIA – Former Members">{{cite web |url=http://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_9606/?hlText=Tiili |title=CURIA – Former Members |publisher=CVRIA |access-date=11 October 2012}}</ref>
|-
|[[Irena Wiszniewska-Bialecka]]
|{{flagicon|Poland}}  Poland
|15 May 2004
|19 September 2016
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|[[Nina Półtorak]]
|{{flagicon|Poland}}  Poland
|13 April 2016
|31 August 2016
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|[[José Luis Da Cruz Vilaça]]
|{{flagicon|Portugal}} Portugal
|25 September 1989
|18 September 1995
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|[[Rui Manuel Gens De Moura Ramos]]
|{{flagicon|Portugal}} Portugal
|19 September 1995
|31 March 2003
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|[[Maria Eugénia Martins de Nazaré Ribeiro|Maria Eguénia Martins De Nazaré Ribeiro]]
|{{flagicon|Portugal}} Portugal
|31 March 2003
|19 September 2016
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|[[Valeriu M. Ciuca]] ||{{flagicon|Romania}} Romania || 12 January 2007|| 26 November 2010||<ref name="CURIA – Former Members"/>
|-
|[[Andrei Popescu]]
|{{flagicon|Romania}} Romania
|26 November 2010
|19 September 2016
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|[[Octavia Spineanu-Matei]]
|{{flagicon|Romania}} Romania
|19 September 2016 || 7 October 2021 ||<ref name="CURIA – Former Members" />
|-
|[[Daniel Šváby]]||{{flagicon|Slovakia}} Slovakia || 21 May 2004|| 6 October 2010 ||<ref name="CURIA – Former Members" />
|-
|[[Verica Trstenjak]]
|{{flagicon|Slovenia}} Slovenia
|7 July 2004
|6 October 2006
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|[[Miro Prek]]
|{{flagicon|Slovenia}} Slovenia
|6 October 2006
|26 September 2019
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|[[Rafael Garcia-Valdecasas Y Fernández]]
|{{flagicon|Spain}}  Spain
|25 September 1989
|17 September 2007
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Santiago Soldevila Fragoso]]
|{{flagicon|Spain}}  Spain
|17 September 2007
|16 September 2013
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Ignacio Ulloa Rubio]]
|{{flagicon|Spain}}  Spain
|16 September 2013
|26 September 2019
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo Ibáñez-Martín]]
|{{flagicon|Spain}}  Spain
|13 April 2016
|26 September 2019
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Pernilla Lindh]]
|{{flagicon|Sweden}} Sweden
|18 January 1995
|6 October 2006
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|[[Nils Wahl]]
|{{flagicon|Sweden}} Sweden
|6 October 2006
|28 November 2012
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|[[Carl Wetter]]
|{{flagicon|Sweden}} Sweden
|18 March 2013
|19 September 2016
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
! colspan="5" |Former Member State
|-
|[[David Edward|David A. O. Edward]]
|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} United Kingdom
|25 September 1989
|10 March 1992
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|[[Christopher William Bellamy]]
|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} United Kingdom
|10 March 1992
|15 December 1999
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|[[Nicholas James Forwood]]
|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} United Kingdom
|15 December 1999
|7 October 2015
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|[[Ian Stewart Forrester]]
|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} United Kingdom
|1 October 2015
|31 January 2020
|
|-
|}

=== List of registrars ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Elected
!Term ended
!Judge
|-
|27 September 1989
|6 October 2005
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Hans Jung]]
|-
|6 October 2005
|30 April 2023
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flagicon|France}} [[Emmanuel Coulon]]
|-
|-
|5 June 2023
|''Incumbent''||'''{{flagicon|EU}}{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Vittorio Di Bucci]]'''
|}