Editing Fujitsu (section)

===1935 to 2000===
Fujitsu was established on June 20, 1935, which makes it one of the oldest operating IT companies after [[IBM]] and before [[Hewlett-Packard]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of Fujitsu – Fujitsu Global |url=http://www.fujitsu.com/global/about/profile/history/ |website=fujitsu.com |access-date=August 8, 2008 |archive-date=March 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315101840/http://www.fujitsu.com/global/about/profile/history/ |url-status=live }}</ref> under the name {{nihongo|Fuji Telecommunications Equipment Manufacturing| 富士電気通信機器製造|Fuji Denki Tsūshin Kiki Seizō}}, as a spin-off of the [[Fuji Electric|Fuji Electric Company]], itself a joint venture between the [[Furukawa Group|Furukawa Electric Company]] and the German conglomerate [[Siemens]] which had been founded in 1923. Despite its connections to the [[Furukawa Group|Furukawa]] [[zaibatsu]], Fujitsu escaped the Allied [[occupation of Japan]] after the Second World War mostly unscathed.

{{anchor|FujComputer}}<!--For link from computer list articles, do not remove-->
In 1954, Fujitsu manufactured Japan's first computer, the [[FACOM 100]] [[Mainframe computer|mainframe]],<ref name="Williams, Hackaday, 2019">{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Al |date=August 3, 2019 |title=Maybe the oldest computer, probably the oddest |url=https://hackaday.com/2019/08/03/maybe-the-oldest-computer-probably-the-oddest/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804124520/https://hackaday.com/2019/08/03/maybe-the-oldest-computer-probably-the-oddest/ |archive-date=August 4, 2019 |access-date=August 4, 2019 |website=[[Hackaday]] |quote=In 1956, Fujitsu decided to compete with IBM and built a relay-based computer, the FACOM128. The computer takes up 70 square meters and weighs about 3 tons. By 1959, they’d learned enough to make a FACOM128B model that was improved. |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FACOM100 (1954) – Fujitsu Global |url=https://www.fujitsu.com/global/about/corporate/history/products/computer/mainframe/facom100.html |access-date=May 9, 2019 |website=fujitsu.com |archive-date=April 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403203930/https://www.fujitsu.com/global/about/corporate/history/products/computer/mainframe/facom100.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and in 1961 launched its [[second generation computer]]s (transistorized) the FACOM 222 mainframe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FACOM222 (1961) – Fujitsu Global |url=https://www.fujitsu.com/global/about/corporate/history/products/computer/mainframe/facom222.html |access-date=May 9, 2019 |website=fujitsu.com |archive-date=April 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403204249/https://www.fujitsu.com/global/about/corporate/history/products/computer/mainframe/facom222.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The 1968 FACOM230 "5" Series marked the beginning of its [[third generation computer]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FACOM230 "5" Series (1968) – Fujitsu Global |url=https://www.fujitsu.com/global/about/corporate/history/products/computer/mainframe/facom230-25.html |access-date=May 9, 2019 |website=fujitsu.com |archive-date=April 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403204244/https://www.fujitsu.com/global/about/corporate/history/products/computer/mainframe/facom230-25.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Fujitsu offered mainframe computers from 1955 until at least 2002<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mainframe Computers |url=https://www.fujitsu.com/global/about/corporate/history/products/computer/mainframe/index.html |access-date=April 2, 2009 |website=Fujitsu |archive-date=April 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403203137/https://www.fujitsu.com/global/about/corporate/history/products/computer/mainframe/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Fujitsu's computer products have also included minicomputers,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Minicomputers |url=https://www.fujitsu.com/global/about/corporate/history/products/computer/minicomputer/index.html |access-date=April 2, 2019 |website=Fujitsu |archive-date=April 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403204049/https://www.fujitsu.com/global/about/corporate/history/products/computer/minicomputer/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> small business computers,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Small Business Computers |url=https://www.fujitsu.com/global/about/corporate/history/products/computer/businesscomputer/index.html |access-date=April 2, 2019 |website=Fujitsu |archive-date=November 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129143250/https://www.fujitsu.com/global/about/corporate/history/products/computer/businesscomputer/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> servers<ref>{{Cite web |title=Servers/Workstations |url=https://www.fujitsu.com/global/about/corporate/history/products/computer/server/index.html |access-date=April 2, 2019 |website=Fujitsu |archive-date=April 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403203902/https://www.fujitsu.com/global/about/corporate/history/products/computer/server/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and personal computers ([[FM-8]], [[FM-7]], [[FM-Towns]], etc.).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Personal Computers |url=https://www.fujitsu.com/global/about/corporate/history/products/computer/personalcomputer/index.html |access-date=April 2, 2019 |website=Fujitsu |archive-date=April 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403203247/https://www.fujitsu.com/global/about/corporate/history/products/computer/personalcomputer/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
:{{See also|FACOM}}

In 1955, Fujitsu founded [[Kawasaki Frontale]] as a company [[association football|football]] club; Kawasaki Frontale has been a [[J. League]] football club since 1999. In 1967, the company's name was officially changed to the contraction {{nihongo||富士通|Fujitsū}}. Since 1985, the company also fields a company [[American football]] team, the [[Fujitsu Frontiers]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=フロンティアーズ : 富士通 |url=http://sports.jp.fujitsu.com/frontiers/ |website=sports.jp.fujitsu.com |access-date=December 3, 2015 |archive-date=December 10, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210035235/http://sports.jp.fujitsu.com/frontiers/ |url-status=live }}</ref> who play in the corporate [[X-League (Japan)|X-League]], appeared in 7 [[Japan X Bowl]]s, winning two, and won two [[Rice Bowl]]s.

In 1971, Fujitsu signed an [[Original equipment manufacturer|OEM]] agreement with the Canadian company [[Consolidated Computers]] Limited (CCL) to distribute CCL's data entry product, Key-Edit. Fujitsu joined both [[International Computers Limited]] (ICL) which earlier began marketing Key-Edit in the British Commonwealth of countries as well as in both western and eastern Europe; and CCL's direct marketing staff in Canada, USA, London (UK) and Frankfurt. Mers Kutt, inventor of Key-Edit and founder of CCL, was the common thread that led to Fujitsu's later association with ICL and [[Gene Amdahl]].

In 1986, Fujitsu and [[The Queen's University of Belfast]] business incubation unit (QUBIS Ltd) established a joint venture called [[Kainos]], a privately held software company based in [[Belfast]], Northern Ireland.<ref>{{Cite news |title=History of Fujitsu spin out company |url=http://www.qubis.co.uk/portfolio/case-studies/3/kainos |access-date=June 15, 2013 |archive-date=September 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924165735/http://www.qubis.co.uk/portfolio/case-studies/3/kainos |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1996–2002 |title=Fujitsu joint venture with QUBIS |url=http://www.ftel.co.uk/news/03_02_00.html |access-date=June 15, 2013 |archive-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029195116/http://www.ftel.co.uk/news/03_02_00.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 1990, Fujitsu acquired 80% of the UK-based computer company ICL for $1.29&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Prokesch |first=Steven |date=July 31, 1990 |title=Fujitsu To Buy ICL Stake |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/31/business/fujitsu-to-buy-icl-stake.html |access-date=November 18, 2011 |archive-date=November 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121115212147/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/31/business/fujitsu-to-buy-icl-stake.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=July 2010 |title=Fujitsu: Innovation is a constant for 75 years |work=Computer Weekly |url=http://www.computerweekly.com/feature/Fujitsu-Innovation-is-a-constant-for-75-years |access-date=November 18, 2011 |archive-date=May 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515125939/http://www.computerweekly.com/feature/Fujitsu-Innovation-is-a-constant-for-75-years |url-status=live }}</ref> In September 1990, Fujitsu announced the launch of a new series of mainframe computers which were at that time the fastest in the world.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sanger |first=David E. |date=September 5, 1990 |title=Fujitsu Announces Mainframe |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/09/05/business/fujitsu-announces-mainframe.html |access-date=December 14, 2011 |archive-date=November 10, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110175242/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/09/05/business/fujitsu-announces-mainframe.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=September 5, 1990 |title=Fujitsu claims fastest computer |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YKoxAAAAIBAJ&pg=4504,854158&dq=fujitsu&hl=en |access-date=December 14, 2011 |archive-date=January 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129193414/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YKoxAAAAIBAJ&pg=4504,854158&dq=fujitsu&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref> In July 1991, Fujitsu acquired more than half of the Russian company KME-CS (Kazan Manufacturing Enterprise of Computer Systems).

In 1992, Fujitsu announced plans to build a joint-venture plant in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India, to produce telephone switchboards. Fujitsu owned 51 percent of the joint venture, with the remaining 49 percent owned by Punjab's state-run electronics company. Dr. Sushil Kumar Mangal, who was at the time the managing director of the Punjab State Electronics Corporation, was appointed Chairman of Fujitsu India Telecom Ltd. This INR 116-crore project was set up by Fujitsu for the manufacture of Electronic Digital Exchange, with Fujitsu holding a 51 percent stake in the venture. Concurrently, Fujitsu established a new subsidiary, Fujitsu Networks Industry Inc., in Stamford, Connecticut, to develop communications services.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180120044815/http://www.nytimes.com/1992/01/20/business/fujitsu-venture-in-india.html Fujitsu Venture in India] (January 20, 1992). ''The New York Times''.</ref>

In 1992, Fujitsu also introduced the world's first 21-inch full-color [[plasma display]]. It was a hybrid, based upon the plasma display created at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and NHK STRL, achieving superior brightness.

In 1993, Fujitsu formed a [[flash memory]] manufacturing joint venture with [[AMD]], [[Spansion]]. As part of the transaction, AMD contributed its flash memory group, Fab 25 in Texas, its R&D facilities and assembly plants in Thailand, Malaysia and China; Fujitsu provided its Flash memory business division and the Malaysian Fujitsu Microelectronics final assembly and test operations.<ref>By Alun Williams, PC Pro. "[http://www.pcpro.co.uk/news/44700/spansion-amd-and-fujitsu-brand-their-flash-memory Spansion – AMD and Fujitsu brand their Flash memory] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316174341/http://www.pcpro.co.uk/news/44700/spansion-amd-and-fujitsu-brand-their-flash-memory |date=March 16, 2012 }}." July 13, 2003.</ref>

From February 1989 until mid-1997, Fujitsu built the [[FM Towns]] PC variant. It started as a proprietary PC variant intended for multimedia applications and computer games, but later became more compatible with regular PCs. In 1993, the FM Towns Marty was released, a gaming console compatible with the FM Towns games.

Fujitsu agreed to acquire the 58 percent of [[Amdahl Corporation]] (including the Canada-based DMR consulting group) that it did not already own for around $850&nbsp;million in July 1997.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fisher |first=Lawrence M. |date=July 31, 1997 |title=Fujitsu to Pay $850 Million To Acquire Rest of Amdahl |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/31/business/fujitsu-to-pay-850-million-to-acquire-rest-of-amdahl.html?src=pm |access-date=December 17, 2011 |archive-date=November 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116015142/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/31/business/fujitsu-to-pay-850-million-to-acquire-rest-of-amdahl.html?src=pm |url-status=live }}</ref>

In April 1997, the company acquired a 30 percent stake in GLOVIA International, Inc., an El Segundo, Calif., manufacturing ERP software provider whose software it had begun integrating into its electronics plants starting in 1994.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Connectory.com Network |url=http://connectory.com/profile_view.aspx?connectoryId=21632 |access-date=May 24, 2016 |archive-date=October 7, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007001339/http://connectory.com/profile_view.aspx?connectoryId=21632 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In June 1999, Fujitsu's historical connection with Siemens was revived, when the two companies agreed to merge their European computer operations into a new 50:50 joint venture called [[Fujitsu Siemens Computers]], which became the world's fifth-largest computer manufacturing company.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Harrison |first=Michael |date=June 18, 1999 |title=Fujistu in European venture |work=The Independent |location=London |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/fujistu-in-european-venture-1100826.html |access-date=November 18, 2011 |archive-date=May 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521163311/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/fujistu-in-european-venture-1100826.html |url-status=live }}</ref>