Editing Fruit tree (section)

== Climate effects on fruit trees ==

=== Advantages ===
Fruit trees can withstand the variability of rainfall better than [[Annual plant|annual crops]] due to the deep root systems and the [[Perennial|perennial growth]] habit.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Precise application of water and fertilizer to crops: challenges and opportunities |journal=Frontiers in Plant Science |date=2024-12-06 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-818732-6.00041-1}}</ref>

=== Disadvantages ===
[[Climate change]] is significantly impacting fruit trees, with effects varying depending on the geographical region and type of fruit tree. The annual temperature in Japan, for example, has risen at a rate of 0.124&nbsp;°C per decade from 1898 to 2019, influencing fruit tree flowering times and potentially leading to a physiological disorder known as "flowering disorder" in [[Pyrus pyrifolia|Japanese pear]], which may result from abnormal flowering or dormancy or both.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tominaga |first1=Akiyoshi |last2=Ito |first2=Akiko |last3=Sugiura |first3=Toshihiko |last4=Yamane |first4=Hisayo |date=2022 |title=How Is Global Warming Affecting Fruit Tree Blooming? "Flowering (Dormancy) Disorder" in Japanese Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) as a Case Study |journal=Frontiers in Plant Science |volume=12 |doi=10.3389/fpls.2021.787638 |doi-access=free |pmid=35211129 |pmc=8861528 }}</ref> In Australia, climate change is predicted to prompt a major shift in the fruit farming industry by 2030, affecting the winter chill period necessary for fruit production.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Melbourne |first=Lauren Hull, University of |date=2016-06-21 |title=Climate change: What it means for fruits |url=https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/climate-change-what-it-means-for-fruits |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=Pursuit |language=en}}</ref>

In addition, climate change has caused challenges like early spring and late frosts, flooding, drought, and extreme heat, all of which effect fruit trees. Severe droughts and flooding affect the trees' growth, making them more susceptible to pests and diseases. Extreme heat can damage growing fruit directly on the tree.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Susan |date=2022-06-21 |title=How Climate Change Will Affect Fruit Tree Management |url=https://orchardpeople.com/climate-change-and-fruit-trees/ |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=orchardpeople.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

This situation is exacerbated by global trends towards reduced organic matter in soil, necessitating innovative water conservation and management strategies to ensure crop yield and quality.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-04 |title=The effects of climate change on fruit growing {{!}} ADAMA |url=https://www.adama.com/en/our-commitment/global-farming/farming-crops/weathering-the-new-extremes |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=www.adama.com |language=en}}</ref>