Editing Fredericton (section)

==Geography==

The [[Saint John River (Bay of Fundy)|Saint John River]] runs through Fredericton. The city's downtown core lies on the flat low-lying ground on either side of the river, with most of the city's post-war suburban development occurring on the gently sloping hills of the river valley.

At an altitude of about {{cvt|17|m}} above sea level, Fredericton is nestled in the Pennsylvanian Basin. It differs markedly from the geologically older parts of the province. There are prominently two distinct areas in the region that are divided around the area of Wilsey Road, in the east end of the city. In the west side, the bedrock underneath the earth is topographically dominant, whereas the other is controlled by [[Pleistocene]] and recent deposits leading to the rivers (resulting in the area being shallow and wide). Fredericton and its surroundings are rich in water resources, which, coupled with highly arable soil, make the Fredericton region ideal for agriculture. The Saint John River and one of its major tributaries, the [[Nashwaak River]], come together in Fredericton. The uninhabited parts of the city are heavily forested.

=== Climate ===
{{update|date=February 2025|part=climate normals, 1981-2010 normals are outdated and need changing to 1991-2020 normals}}
{{climate chart
| Fredericton
|-15.0 | -3.8 | 95.3
|-13.7 | -2.0 | 73.1
|-7.8 | 3.0 | 93.2
|-1.0 | 10.0 | 85.9
| 4.6 | 17.6 | 96.2
| 9.7 | 22.7 | 82.4
|13.0 | 25.5 | 88.3
|12.1 | 24.8 | 85.6
| 7.1 | 20.0 | 87.5
| 1.6 | 13.2 | 89.1
|-3.0 | 6.0 | 106.3
|-10.7 | -0.7 | 94.9
| float = left
| source = [[Environment and Climate Change Canada]]<ref name="CCN"/>
}}
Fredericton has a [[warm-summer humid continental climate]] (''Dfb'' under the [[Köppen climate classification]] system), with short, warm summers and long, cold winters. The city has high [[humidity]] and [[precipitation]] year-round; on average, Fredericton receives approximately {{cvt|1100|mm}} of precipitation per year.
{{Weather box
| width = auto
|location = Fredericton CDA<br>Climate ID: 8101600; coordinates {{coordinates|45|55|N|66|37|W|type:airport_region:CA-NB|name=Fredericton CDA}}; elevation: {{cvt|39.6|m}}; 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1871–present{{efn|Extreme high and low temperatures in the table below are from Fredericton UNB (December 1871 to July 1913) and Fredericton CDA (August 1913 to present).}}
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|Jan record high C = 15.0
|Feb record high C = 19.0
|Mar record high C = 26.5
|Apr record high C = 30.5
|May record high C = 35.5
|Jun record high C = 35.6
|Jul record high C = 36.1
|Aug record high C = 38.9
|Sep record high C = 33.7
|Oct record high C = 28.9
|Nov record high C = 21.7
|Dec record high C = 16.1
|year record high C = 38.9
|Jan high C = -4.4
|Feb high C = -2.1
|Mar high C = 2.8
|Apr high C = 9.9
|May high C = 17.6
|Jun high C = 22.7
|Jul high C = 25.4
|Aug high C = 24.5
|Sep high C = 19.6
|Oct high C = 12.8
|Nov high C = 5.5
|Dec high C = -1.0
|year high C = 11.1
|Jan mean C = −9.4
|Feb mean C = −7.5
|Mar mean C = -2.2
|Apr mean C = 4.8
|May mean C = 11.3
|Jun mean C = 16.4
|Jul mean C = 19.4
|Aug mean C = 18.6
|Sep mean C = 14.0
|Oct mean C = 7.8
|Nov mean C = 1.8
|Dec mean C = -5.3
|year mean C = 5.8
|Jan low C = -14.4
|Feb low C = -12.8
|Mar low C = -7.2
|Apr low C = -0.4
|May low C = 5.1
|Jun low C = 10.1
|Jul low C = 13.3
|Aug low C = 12.6
|Sep low C = 8.3
|Oct low C = 2.8
|Nov low C = -2.0
|Dec low C = -9.5
|year low C = 0.5
|Jan record low C = -38.9
|Feb record low C = -38.3
|Mar record low C = -32.8
|Apr record low C = -20.0
|May record low C = -6.7
|Jun record low C = -2.2
|Jul record low C = 1.7
|Aug record low C = 1.7
|Sep record low C = -4.4
|Oct record low C = -11.1
|Nov record low C = -26.7
|Dec record low C = -35.6
|year record low C = -38.9
|precipitation colour = green
|rain colour = green
|snow colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 101.9
|Feb precipitation mm = 70.1
|Mar precipitation mm = 90.1
|Apr precipitation mm = 81.6
|May precipitation mm = 103.8
|Jun precipitation mm = 86.3
|Jul precipitation mm = 89.0
|Aug precipitation mm = 85.9
|Sep precipitation mm = 94.7
|Oct precipitation mm = 89.7
|Nov precipitation mm = 109.9
|Dec precipitation mm = 91.8
|year precipitation mm = 1094.7
|Jan rain mm = 42.4
|Feb rain mm = 31.7
|Mar rain mm = 45.2
|Apr rain mm = 68.1
|May rain mm = 103.1
|Jun rain mm = 86.3
|Jul rain mm = 89.0
|Aug rain mm = 85.9
|Sep rain mm = 94.7
|Oct rain mm = 89.3
|Nov rain mm = 96.3
|Dec rain mm = 54.0
|year rain mm = 885.9
|Jan snow cm = 63.6
|Feb snow cm = 39.1
|Mar snow cm = 42.4
|Apr snow cm = 13.5
|May snow cm = 0.6
|Jun snow cm = 0.0
|Jul snow cm = 0.0
|Aug snow cm = 0.0
|Sep snow cm = 0.0
|Oct snow cm = 0.4
|Nov snow cm = 13.9
|Dec snow cm = 41.4
|year snow cm = 214.8
|unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 12.6
|Feb precipitation days = 10.2
|Mar precipitation days = 12.4
|Apr precipitation days = 12.6
|May precipitation days = 14.9
|Jun precipitation days = 13.6
|Jul precipitation days = 14.5
|Aug precipitation days = 12.7
|Sep precipitation days = 13.7
|Oct precipitation days = 13.5
|Nov precipitation days = 13.8
|Dec precipitation days = 12.5
|year precipitation days = 156.7
|unit rain days = 0.2 mm
|Jan rain days = 4.5
|Feb rain days = 4.2
|Mar rain days = 7.1
|Apr rain days = 10.8
|May rain days = 14.8
|Jun rain days = 13.6
|Jul rain days = 14.5
|Aug rain days = 12.7
|Sep rain days = 13.7
|Oct rain days = 13.5
|Nov rain days = 11.7
|Dec rain days = 6.0
|year rain days = 126.9
|unit snow days = 0.2&nbsp;cm
|Jan snow days = 9.4
|Feb snow days = 7.2
|Mar snow days = 7.0
|Apr snow days = 2.4
|May snow days = 0.3
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.11
|Nov snow days = 3.2
|Dec snow days = 7.5
|year snow days = 37.0
|Jan sun = 119.5
|Feb sun = 130.8
|Mar sun = 148.9
|Apr sun = 162.2
|May sun = 206.9
|Jun sun = 224.3
|Jul sun = 239.7
|Aug sun = 226.2
|Sep sun = 172.4
|Oct sun = 142.5
|Nov sun = 95.8
|Dec sun = 102.2
|year sun = 1971.2
|Jan percentsun = 42.4
|Feb percentsun = 44.8
|Mar percentsun = 40.4
|Apr percentsun = 40.0
|May percentsun = 44.7
|Jun percentsun = 47.7
|Jul percentsun = 50.4
|Aug percentsun = 51.6
|Sep percentsun = 45.7
|Oct percentsun = 41.9
|Nov percentsun = 33.6
|Dec percentsun = 37.8
|year percentsun = 43.4
|source 1 = [[Environment and Climate Change Canada]]<ref name="Fredericton CDA">{{cite web
| publisher = [[Environment and Climate Change Canada]]
| url = https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?searchType=stnName&txtStationName=Fredericton&searchMethod=contains&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=6158&dispBack=0
| title = Fredericton CDA
| work = Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010
| access-date = 12 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="Fredericton UNB">{{cite web
| publisher = Environment and Climate Change Canada
| url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/historical_data/search_historic_data_stations_e.html?searchType=stnName&timeframe=1&txtStationName=fredericton+unb&searchMethod=contains&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&Year=2016&Month=6&Day=25&selRowPerPage=25
| title = Fredericton UNB
| work = Canadian Climate Data
| access-date = 9 April 2016}}</ref><ref name="September 2010">{{cite web
| publisher = Environment and Climate Change Canada
| url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=2004-12-30%7C2016-06-25&dlyRange=2000-06-01%7C2016-06-25&mlyRange=2000-06-01%7C2007-07-01&StationID=30309&Prov=NB&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=4&searchMethod=contains&Month=9&Day=25&txtStationName=fredericton&timeframe=2&Year=2010
| title = Daily Data Report for September 2010
| work = Canadian Climate Data
| access-date = 26 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="March 2012">{{cite web
| publisher = Environment and Climate Change Canada
| url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=2004-12-30%7C2016-06-25&dlyRange=2000-06-01%7C2016-06-25&mlyRange=2000-06-01%7C2007-07-01&StationID=30309&Prov=NB&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=4&searchMethod=contains&Month=3&Day=25&txtStationName=fredericton&timeframe=2&Year=2012
| title = Daily Data Report for March 2012
| work = Canadian Climate Data
| access-date = 26 June 2016}}</ref>
|date=August 2010
}}
{{Weather box
| width = auto
|location = Fredericton ([[Fredericton Airport]])<br>Climate ID: 8101600; coordinates {{coordinates|45|52|19.67|N|66|31|40.411|W|type:airport_region:CA-NB|name=Fredericton Airport}}; elevation: {{cvt|20.7|m}}; 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1951–present
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|Jan maximum humidex = 17.1
|Feb maximum humidex = 17.3
|Mar maximum humidex = 28.0
|Apr maximum humidex = 33.3
|May maximum humidex = 38.1
|Jun maximum humidex = 43.5
|Jul maximum humidex = 44.5
|Aug maximum humidex = 43.3
|Sep maximum humidex = 39.6
|Oct maximum humidex = 32.0
|Nov maximum humidex = 25.0
|Dec maximum humidex = 19.5
|year maximum humidex = 44.5
|Jan record high C = 14.6
|Feb record high C = 18.6
|Mar record high C = 27.2
|Apr record high C = 30.3
|May record high C = 35.2
|Jun record high C = 35.3
|Jul record high C = 36.7
|Aug record high C = 37.2
|Sep record high C = 34.1
|Oct record high C = 27.8
|Nov record high C = 24.3
|Dec record high C = 15.9
|year record high C = 37.2
|Jan high C = -3.8
|Feb high C = -2.0
|Mar high C = 3.0
|Apr high C = 10.0
|May high C = 17.6
|Jun high C = 22.7
|Jul high C = 25.5
|Aug high C = 24.8
|Sep high C = 20.0
|Oct high C = 13.2
|Nov high C = 6.0
|Dec high C = -0.7
|year high C = 11.4
|Jan mean C = −9.4
|Feb mean C = −7.9
|Mar mean C = -2.4
|Apr mean C = 4.5
|May mean C = 11.1
|Jun mean C = 16.2
|Jul mean C = 19.3
|Aug mean C = 18.4
|Sep mean C = 13.6
|Oct mean C = 7.5
|Nov mean C = 1.5
|Dec mean C = -5.7
|year mean C = 5.6
|Jan low C = -15.0
|Feb low C = -13.7
|Mar low C = -7.8
|Apr low C = -1.0
|May low C = 4.6
|Jun low C = 9.7
|Jul low C = 13.0
|Aug low C = 12.1
|Sep low C = 7.1
|Oct low C = 1.6
|Nov low C = -3.0
|Dec low C = -10.7
|year low C = -0.2
|Jan record low C = -35.6
|Feb record low C = -37.2
|Mar record low C = -28.9
|Apr record low C = -15.1
|May record low C = -6.7
|Jun record low C = -0.6
|Jul record low C = 1.7
|Aug record low C = 1.3
|Sep record low C = -3.9
|Oct record low C = -8.9
|Nov record low C = -20.2
|Dec record low C = -33.8
|year record low C = -37.2
|Jan chill = -45.1
|Feb chill = -46.4
|Mar chill = -38.0
|Apr chill = -26.1
|May chill = -12.5
|Jun chill = -4.3
|Jul chill = 0.0
|Aug chill = 0.0
|Sep chill = -6.6
|Oct chill = -13.1
|Nov chill = -26.5
|Dec chill = -42.2
|year chill = -46.4
|precipitation colour = green
|rain colour = green
|snow colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 95.3
|Feb precipitation mm = 73.1
|Mar precipitation mm = 93.2
|Apr precipitation mm = 85.9
|May precipitation mm = 96.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 82.4
|Jul precipitation mm = 88.3
|Aug precipitation mm = 85.6
|Sep precipitation mm = 87.5
|Oct precipitation mm = 89.1
|Nov precipitation mm = 106.3
|Dec precipitation mm = 94.9
|year precipitation mm = 1077.7
|Jan rain mm = 38.0
|Feb rain mm = 31.4
|Mar rain mm = 46.7
|Apr rain mm = 68.3
|May rain mm = 94.5
|Jun rain mm = 82.4
|Jul rain mm = 88.3
|Aug rain mm = 85.6
|Sep rain mm = 87.5
|Oct rain mm = 88.2
|Nov rain mm = 92.9
|Dec rain mm = 55.3
|year rain mm = 859.1
|Jan snow cm = 69.9
|Feb snow cm = 47.5
|Mar snow cm = 49.4
|Apr snow cm = 18.6
|May snow cm = 1.4
|Jun snow cm = 0.0
|Jul snow cm = 0.0
|Aug snow cm = 0.0
|Sep snow cm = 0.0
|Oct snow cm = 0.8
|Nov snow cm = 14.3
|Dec snow cm = 50.5
|year snow cm = 252.3
|humidity colour = green
|Jan humidity = 75.1
|Feb humidity = 74.9
|Mar humidity = 77.1
|Apr humidity = 80.6
|May humidity = 83.6
|Jun humidity = 86.4
|Jul humidity = 89.5
|Aug humidity = 90.4
|Sep humidity = 91.1
|Oct humidity = 87.6
|Nov humidity = 83.8
|Dec humidity = 80.0
|year humidity = 83.3
|unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 14.2
|Feb precipitation days = 11.3
|Mar precipitation days = 13.0
|Apr precipitation days = 13.2
|May precipitation days = 13.9
|Jun precipitation days = 12.2
|Jul precipitation days = 12.3
|Aug precipitation days = 10.6
|Sep precipitation days = 10.3
|Oct precipitation days = 11.4
|Nov precipitation days = 13.2
|Dec precipitation days = 13.4
|year precipitation days = 148.9
|unit rain days = 0.2 mm
|Jan rain days = 5.1
|Feb rain days = 4.3
|Mar rain days = 7.3
|Apr rain days = 10.8
|May rain days = 13.8
|Jun rain days = 12.2
|Jul rain days = 12.3
|Aug rain days = 10.6
|Sep rain days = 10.3
|Oct rain days = 11.3
|Nov rain days = 11.1
|Dec rain days = 6.3
|year rain days = 115.4
|unit snow days = 0.2&nbsp;cm
|Jan snow days = 11.7
|Feb snow days = 9.1
|Mar snow days = 8.5
|Apr snow days = 4.7
|May snow days = 0.38
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.42
|Nov snow days = 4.2
|Dec snow days = 10.0
|year snow days = 48.9
|source 1 = [[Environment and Climate Change Canada]]<ref name="CCN">
{{cite web
| publisher = Environment and Climate Change Canada
| url = https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?searchType=stnName&txtStationName=Fredericton&searchMethod=contains&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=6157&dispBack=0
| title = Fredericton A
| work = Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010
| access-date = 12 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="Sep 2010">
{{cite web
| publisher = Environment and Climate Change Canada
| url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=2010-04-06%7C2016-06-25&dlyRange=2010-04-08%7C2016-06-25&mlyRange=%7C&StationID=48568&Prov=NB&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=0&searchMethod=contains&Month=9&Day=25&txtStationName=fredericton&timeframe=2&Year=2010
| title = Sep 2010
| work = Canadian Climate Data
| access-date = 26 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="Mar 2012">
{{cite web
| publisher = Environment and Climate Change Canada
| url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=2010-04-06%7C2016-06-25&dlyRange=2010-04-08%7C2016-06-25&mlyRange=%7C&StationID=48568&Prov=NB&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=0&searchMethod=contains&Month=3&Day=25&txtStationName=fredericton&timeframe=2&Year=2012
| title = Mar 2012
| work = Canadian Climate Data
| access-date = 26 June 2016}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web
|publisher = Environment and Climate Change Canada
|url = https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?timeframe=2&Year=2022&Month=11&Day=6&hlyRange=2010-04-06%7C2022-11-06&dlyRange=2010-04-08%7C2022-11-06&mlyRange=%7C&StationID=48568&Prov=NB&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2022&selRowPerPage=25&Line=4&searchMethod=contains&txtStationName=Fredericton
|title = November 2022
|work = Canadian Climate Data
|access-date = November 7, 2022
}}
</ref>
}}