Editing Fraxinus quadrangulata (section)

==History and uses==
The name blue ash is derived from the black [[Natural dye|dye]] extracted from the tree's inner bark through immersion in water.   European colonists and [[American pioneer]]s used this dye to color [[yarn]] for use in the production of [[textile]]s, [[sewing]], [[crochet]]ing, [[knitting]], [[weaving]], and [[embroidery]]. Blue Ash wood is used to make [[Flooring#Wood flooring|flooring]], [[baseball bat]]s, [[furniture]], [[tool]] handles, [[crate]]s and [[barrel]]s.<ref name=obs/>  The city of [[Blue Ash, Ohio]], an inner suburb of [[Cincinnati]], drew its name from the blue ash trees in the area, the logs of which were used to build many of the community's earliest buildings.<ref name="Brief history">{{cite web|title=Brief History of Blue Ash|publisher=City of Blue Ash, Ohio|url=http://www.blueash.com/content/81/91/103/826/default.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012020339/http://www.blueash.com/content/81/91/103/826/default.aspx|archive-date=2013-10-12}}</ref>

North American native ash tree species are used by North American frogs as a critical food source, as the leaves that fall from the trees are particularly suitable for tadpoles to feed upon in ponds (both temporary and permanent), large puddles, and other water sources.<ref name=frogs>{{cite journal |last1=Stephens |first1=Jeffrey |last2=Bervan |first2=Keith |last3=Tiegs |first3=Scott |date=3 May 2013 |title=Anthropogenic changes to leaf litter input affect the fitness of a larval amphibian |journal=Freshwater Biology |volume=58 |issue=8 |pages=1631–1646 |doi=10.1111/fwb.12155 }}</ref> Species such as red maple, which are taking the place of ash, due to the ash borer, are much less suitable for the frogs as a food source—resulting in poor frog survival rates and small frog sizes.<ref name="frogs"/> It is the lack of tannins in the American ash varieties that makes them good for the frogs as a food source and also not resistant to the ash borer. Varieties of ash from outside North America typically have much higher tannin levels and resist the borer. Maples and various non-native invasive trees, which are taking the place of American ash species in the North American ecosystem, typically have much higher leaf [[tannin]] levels.<ref name="frogs"/> It is possible that the blue ash's increased resistance to the borer, as compared with other North American varieties, is due to a higher tannin content. If that is the case, the blue ash is less palatable for maturing frogs than those most threatened by the borer. Ash species native to North America also provide important habitat and food for various other creatures that are native to North America.<ref>{{cite web|title=Black Ash|url=https://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/trees/plants/black_ash.html|website=Illinois Wildflowers|publisher=Dr. John Hilty|access-date=27 August 2018}}</ref>