Editing Francisco Goya (section)

==Visit to Italy==
At age 14 Goya studied under the painter [[José Luzán]], where he copied stamps{{which|date=October 2020}} for 4 years until he decided to work on his own, as he wrote later on "paint from my invention".<ref>Connell (2004), 14</ref> He moved to Madrid to study with [[Anton Raphael Mengs]], a popular painter with [[Spain|Spanish]] royalty. He clashed with his master, and his examinations were unsatisfactory. Goya submitted entries for the [[Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando]] in 1763 and 1766 but was denied entrance into the academia.<ref>Hagen & Hagen, 317</ref>

[[File:Josefa Bayeu Francisco De Goya y Lucientes.jpg|thumb|150px|''Portrait of Josefa Bayeu'' (1747–1812)]]
Rome was then the cultural capital of Europe and held all the prototypes of classical antiquity, while Spain lacked a coherent artistic direction, with all of its significant visual achievements in the past. Having failed to earn a scholarship, Goya relocated at his own expense to Rome in the old tradition of European artists stretching back at least to [[Albrecht Dürer]].<ref name="h34">Hughes (2004), 34</ref> He was an unknown at the time and so the records are scant and uncertain. Early biographers have him travelling to Rome with a gang of bullfighters, where he worked as a street [[acrobatics|acrobat]], or for a Russian diplomat, or fell in love with a beautiful young nun whom he plotted to abduct from her convent.<ref name="h37">Hughes (2004), 37</ref> It is possible that Goya completed two surviving mythological paintings during the visit, a ''Sacrifice to Vesta'' and a ''Sacrifice to Pan'', both dated 1771.<ref>Eitner (1997), 58</ref>

In 1771 he won second prize in a painting competition organized by the City of [[Parma]]. That year he returned to Zaragoza and painted elements of the [[cupola]]s of the [[Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar|Basilica of the Pillar]] (including ''[[Adoration of the Name of God]]''), a [[Frescoes in the Cartuja de Aula Dei|cycle of frescoes]] for the monastic church of the [[Charterhouse of Aula Dei]], and the frescoes of the Sobradiel Palace. He studied with the Aragonese artist [[Francisco Bayeu y Subías]] and his painting began to show signs of the delicate tonalities for which he became famous. He befriended Francisco Bayeu and married his sister [[Josefa Bayeu|Josefa]] (he nicknamed her "Pepa")<ref>Baticle (1994), 74</ref> on 25 July 1773. Their first child, Antonio Juan Ramon Carlos, was born on 29 August 1774.<ref>Symmons (2004), 66</ref> Of their seven children only one, a son named Javier, survived into adulthood.<ref>Goya F., Stepanek S. L., Ilchman F., Tomlinson J. A., Ackley C. S., Braun J. E., Mena M., Maurer G., Polidori E., Reed S. W., Weiss B., Wilson-Bareau J. & Museum of Fine Arts Boston. (2014). ''Goya: Order & Disorder'' (First). MFA Publications.
p. 14. {{ISBN|9780878468089}}.</ref>