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François Barbé-Marbois
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==In the Revolution== At the close of 1789, he returned to France, and then placed his services at the disposal of the [[French Revolution]]ary government. In 1791 he was sent to [[Regensburg]] to help the [[Emmanuel Marie Louis, marquis de Noailles|Marquis de Noailles]], the French [[Ambassador (diplomacy)|ambassador]]. Suspected of [[treason]], he was arrested on his return but soon freed.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|pp=385–386}} In 1795, he was elected to the [[Council of Ancients]], where the general [[Political moderate|moderation]] of his attitude, especially in his opposition to the [[French nobility|exclusion of nobles]] and the relations of ''[[émigré]]s'' from public life, brought him under suspicion of being a royalist, though he pronounced a eulogy on [[Napoleon|Napoleon Bonaparte]] for his [[Campaigns of 1797 in the French Revolutionary Wars|success in Italy]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=386}} During the anti-[[House of Bourbon|Royalist]] ''coup d'état'' of the [[Coup of 18 Fructidor|18th Fructidor]] (4 September) 1797, he was arrested and transported to [[French Guiana]]. Transferred to the island of [[Oléron]] in 1799, he was set free by Bonaparte after the [[Coup of 18 Brumaire]]. In 1801, under the [[French Consulate|Consulate]], he became councillor of state and director of the ''[[Trésor public]]'' (Treasury), and in 1802 a [[Senate of France|senator]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=386}} [[File:Louisiana_Purchase_Sesquicentennial_3c_Stamp_(Cropped).jpg|thumb|300px|US postage stamp (c. 1953) commemorating the [[Louisiana Purchase]]; Barbé-Marbois is pictured alongside [[James Monroe]] and [[Robert Livingston (1746-1813)|Robert Livingston]]]] In 1803 he negotiated the [[Louisiana Purchase]] treaty by which [[Louisiana]] was ceded to the United States, and was rewarded by the [[First Consul]] with a gift of 152,000 [[French franc|francs]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=386}}
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