Editing Fox News (section)

==Political alignment==
{{Conservatism US|media}}
{{Further|Media bias in the United States}}

Fox News has been identified as practicing [[Media bias|biased and false reporting]] in favor of the Republican Party, its politicians, and conservative causes,<ref name="Jamieson-2010"/><ref name="Skocpol-2016">{{Cite book |url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-tea-party-and-the-remaking-of-republican-conservatism-9780190633660 |title=The Tea Party and the Remaking of Republican Conservatism |last1=Skocpol |first1=Theda |last2=Williamson |first2=Vanessa |date=September 1, 2016 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19063-366-0 |location=Oxford, New York |pages=5, 8, 86, 123, 125, 130–140 |quote=... the challenge of spreading and germinating the Tea Party idea was surmounted with impressive ease because a major sector of the U.S. media today is openly partisan—including Fox News Channel, the right-wing 'blogosphere,' and a nationwide network of right-wing talk radio programs. This aptly named conservative media 'echo chamber' reaches into the homes of many Americans ... Towering above all others is the Fox News empire, the loudest voice in conservative media. Despite its claim to be "fair and balanced", multiple studies have documented FNC's conservative stance ... Fox News's conservative slant encourages a particular worldview. |access-date=May 11, 2018 |archive-date=May 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514034646/https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-tea-party-and-the-remaking-of-republican-conservatism-9780190633660?cc=us&lang=en& |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Kludt-2018"/> while portraying the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] in a negative light.<ref name="Grossman-2016"/><ref name="Bard 2017"/> Fox News has been characterized by critics, commentators, and researchers as a [[propaganda]] organization and damaging to the integrity of news overall.{{efn|name="Propaganda"|Attributed to multiple sources:<ref>{{cite journal|title=What is Fox News? Partisan Journalism, Misinformation, and the Problem of Classification|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/19312431211060426|publisher=[[Sage Publishing]]|date=2022|author1=A.J. Bauer|author2=Anthony Nadle|author3=Jacob L. Nelson|journal=Electronic News |volume=16 |pages=18–29 |doi=10.1177/19312431211060426 |access-date=July 13, 2024|archive-date=August 9, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809002046/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/19312431211060426?journalCode=enxa|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Fox Diet |url=https://academic.oup.com/book/26406/chapter/194771847 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |date=October 2018 |access-date=July 13, 2024 |archive-date=July 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240713081750/https://academic.oup.com/book/26406/chapter/194771847 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Fox News and the marketing of lies |url=https://www.ft.com/content/78826749-892b-42b6-9053-ef613016ae93 |work=Financial Times |date=April 21, 2023 |author1=Yochai Benkler |author2=Robert Far |author3=Hal Roberts |access-date=July 13, 2024 |archive-date=July 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240713081750/https://www.ft.com/content/78826749-892b-42b6-9053-ef613016ae93 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Haag |first1=Mathew |title=Former Fox News Analyst Calls Network a 'Destructive Propaganda Machine' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/07/business/media/ralph-peters-fox-cnn.html |work=The New York Times |date=June 7, 2018 |access-date=May 14, 2024 |archive-date=May 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514074131/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/07/business/media/ralph-peters-fox-cnn.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Ferguson 2021">{{cite news|title=Insiders reveal how Fox News became a propaganda outlet for Donald Trump|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-08-23/fox-news-trump-four-corners-investigation-gretchen-carlson/100387632|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)]]|date=August 22, 2021|author1=Sarah Ferguson|author2=Lauren Day|author3=Laura Gartry|access-date=May 14, 2024|archive-date=May 21, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521082150/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-08-23/fox-news-trump-four-corners-investigation-gretchen-carlson/100387632|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Alterman |first1=Eric |title=Fox News Has Always Been Propaganda |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/fox-news-propaganda-eric-alterman/ |work=The Nation |date=March 14, 2019 |access-date=July 13, 2024 |archive-date=July 15, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715153306/https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/fox-news-propaganda-eric-alterman/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Axelrod |first1=Tal |title=CNN's Zucker: Fox News is a 'propaganda outlet' |work=The Hill |date=March 19, 2019 |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/media/433359-cnns-zucker-fox-news-is-a-propaganda-outlet |access-date=July 13, 2024 |archive-date=July 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240713081751/https://thehill.com/homenews/media/433359-cnns-zucker-fox-news-is-a-propaganda-outlet/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Darcy |first1=Oliver |title=Mitt Romney criticizes Fox News and right-wing media for warping Republican Party |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/10/19/media/mitt-romney-right-wing-media-republican-party-reliable-sources/index.html |publisher=CNN |date=October 19, 2023 |access-date=July 13, 2024 |archive-date=July 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240713081750/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/10/19/media/mitt-romney-right-wing-media-republican-party-reliable-sources/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Concha |first1=Joe |title=Ex-CIA director calls Hannity a 'true propagandist' |url=https://thehill.com/media/302546-ex-cia-director-calls-hannity-a-true-propagandist/ |work=The Hill |date=October 24, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Illing |first1=Sean |title=How Fox News evolved into a propaganda operation |url=https://www.vox.com/2019/3/22/18275835/fox-news-trump-propaganda-tom-rosenstiel |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=March 22, 2019 |access-date=July 27, 2019 |archive-date=December 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210155704/https://www.vox.com/2019/3/22/18275835/fox-news-trump-propaganda-tom-rosenstiel |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Mayer |first1=Jane |title=The Making of the Fox News White House |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/03/11/the-making-of-the-fox-news-white-house |magazine=The New Yorker |date=March 4, 2019 |access-date=March 4, 2019 |archive-date=December 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211045411/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/03/11/the-making-of-the-fox-news-white-house |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Serwer |first1=Adam |title=Why Fox News Lied to Its Viewers |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2023/02/fox-news-dominion-lawsuit-trump/673132/ |work=The Atlantic |date=February 19, 2024 |access-date=July 13, 2024 |archive-date=July 9, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709114558/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2023/02/fox-news-dominion-lawsuit-trump/673132/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Darcy |first1=Oliver |title=Fox News and right-wing media have already decided the Trump trial verdict |url=https://edition.cnn.com/business/media/fox-news-right-wing-media-trump-trial-verdict/index.html |publisher=CNN |date=May 30, 2024 }}</ref><ref name="Benkler 10182018">{{Cite book |last1=Benkler |first1=Yochai |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190923624.001.0001 |title=Network Propaganda |last2=Faris |first2=Robert |last3=Roberts |first3=Hal |date=2018-10-18 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-092362-4 |language=en |doi=10.1093/oso/9780190923624.001.0001 |access-date=August 2, 2024 |archive-date=August 9, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809002136/https://academic.oup.com/book/26406 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Yglesias 10022018">{{Cite journal |last=Yglesias |first=Matthew |date=2018-10-02 |title=The Case for Fox News Studies |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10584609.2018.1477532 |journal=Political Communication |language=en |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=681–683 |doi=10.1080/10584609.2018.1477532 |issn=1058-4609 |access-date=August 2, 2024 |archive-date=September 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901084021/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10584609.2018.1477532 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Martin, J. (2012). The Fox Effect: How Roger Ailes Turned a Network into a Propaganda Machine. ''Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly'', 38, 189.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=The Staff |date=2010-07-29 |title=Tell the White House Correspondents Association to give Helen Thomas' vacated briefing room seat to NPR, not FOX |url=https://www.mediamatters.org/fox-news/petition-tell-white-house-correspondents-association-give-helen-thomas-vacated-briefing |access-date=2024-08-03 |website= |publisher=[[Media Matters for America]] |language=en |quote=Fox News is a right-wing propaganda organization. |archive-date=August 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240803002323/https://www.mediamatters.org/fox-news/petition-tell-white-house-correspondents-association-give-helen-thomas-vacated-briefing |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bard 2017">{{Cite journal |last1=Bard |first1=Mitchell T. |date=May 22, 2017 |title=Propaganda, Persuasion, or Journalism?: Fox News’ Prime-Time Coverage of Health-Care Reform in 2009 and 2014 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1931243117710278 |journal=Electronic News |volume=11 |issue=2 |access-date=May 9, 2025 |issn=1931-2431 |doi=10.1177/1931243117710278}}</ref>}}<ref name="Collings2010">{{cite book |first=Anthony |last=Collings |title=Capturing the News: Three Decades of Reporting Crisis and Conflict |url=https://archive.org/details/capturingnewsthr00coll_0 |url-access=registration |year=2010 |publisher=University of Missouri Press |isbn=978-0-8262-7211-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/capturingnewsthr00coll_0/page/166 166]}}</ref><ref name="McCollumHebert2014">{{cite book |first1=Jonathan |last1=McCollum |first2=David G. |last2=Hebert |title=Theory and Method in Historical Ethnomusicology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dDGPBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA95 |year=2014 |publisher=Lexington Books |isbn=978-1-4985-0705-9 |page=95 |access-date=January 27, 2016 |archive-date=July 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720043857/https://books.google.com/books?id=dDGPBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA95 |url-status=live }}</ref> The network is pro-Trump.<ref name="Kludt-2018"/><ref name="Schwartz-2017b"/><ref name="Benkler 08232020"/><ref name="Benkler 10182018"/><ref name="Ferguson 2021"/> By 2017, a growing number of studies and academic literature found Fox's prime-time programming engaging in rhetorical and nonfactual themes similar to propaganda and not journalism or persuasion.<ref name="Bard 2017"/> Academic studies have argued that it has played a major role in boosting Republican turnout in American elections and that its role in American politics has been underestimated by political and communications scholars.<ref name="Yglesias 10022018"/> Fox has been described as operating in an information silo where its audience views other media sources as "too liberal", and thus rely on Fox and no other forms of news media.<ref name="Austin 2021"/><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Bartlett |first1=Bruce |date=May 11, 2015 |title=How Fox News Changed American Media and Political Dynamics |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2604679 |access-date=May 9, 2025 |doi=10.2139/ssrn.2604679}}</ref>

Its news coverage has gradually shifted further rightwards over time.<ref name="Berry 2014"/> Fox's most popular programs such as Sean Hannity and Tucker Carlson do not make any claims to be accurate or fact-checked, and have little to no distinction between news and commentary.<ref name="Austin 2021"/> Media analyst [[Brian Stelter]], who has [[Hoax (book)|written]] [[Network of Lies (book)|extensively]] about the network, observed in 2021 that in more recent years it had adjusted its programming to present "less news on the air and more opinions-about-the-news" throughout the day, on concerns it was losing viewers to more conservative competitors that were presenting such content.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Stelter |first1=Brian |title='We turned so far right we went crazy:' How Fox News was radicalized by its own viewers |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/06/08/media/fox-news-hoax-paperback-book/index.html |publisher=CNN Business |date=June 8, 2021 |access-date=May 14, 2024 |archive-date=May 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514083622/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/06/08/media/fox-news-hoax-paperback-book/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>