Editing Fourth Council of the Lateran (section)

==Proceedings==
Innocent III deliberately chose for the Fourth Council to meet in November, during which there were numerous [[feast day]]s.{{Sfn|Bolton|1995|p=61}} A preliminary legal session took place on 4 November,{{Sfn|Helmrath|2015|p=29}} while the opening ceremony of the council was held on [[St. Martin's Day]] and began with a private morning Mass.{{Sfn|Bolton|1995|p=61}} Afterwards, at the start of the first plenary session in the Lateran Palace, the Pope led the singing of "{{lang|la|[[Veni Creator Spiritus]]}}"{{Sfn|Helmrath|2015|p=32}} and preached about Jesus' words to his disciples at the [[Last Supper]],{{Sfn|Jones|2015|p=123}} quoting from [[Luke 22]].{{Sfn|Helmrath|2015|p=21}} In his next two sermons, one on the need to recover the Holy Land and the other on dealing with heretics,{{Sfn|Bolton|1995|p=62}}  the Pope was joined on stage by [[Raoul of Mérencourt]] and Thedisius of Agde respectively.{{Sfn|Helmrath|2015|p=29}}

On 14 November, there were violent scenes between the partisans of [[Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester|Simon de Montfort]] among the French bishops and those of the Count of Toulouse. [[Raymond VI of Toulouse]], his son (afterwards [[Raymond VII of Toulouse|Raymond VII]]), and [[Raimond-Roger of Foix|Raymond-Roger of Foix]] attended the council to dispute the threatened confiscation of their territories; [[Folquet de Marselha|Bishop Foulques]] and [[Guy de Montfort, Lord of Sidon|Guy de Montfort]] (brother of Simon de Montfort) argued in favour of the confiscation. All of Raymond VI's lands were confiscated, save Provence, which was kept in trust to be restored to Raymond VII.{{Sfn|Hamilton|1999|p=169}} Pierre-Bermond of Sauve's claim to Toulouse was rejected and [[Toulouse]] was awarded to de Montfort, while the [[County of Melgueil|lordship of Melgueil]] was separated from Toulouse and entrusted to the bishops of [[Maguelonne]].{{Sfn|Hamilton|1999|p=169}}

The next day, in a ceremony attended by many council participants, the Pope consecrated the [[Santa Maria in Trastevere|Basilica of Santa Maria]] in [[Trastevere]],{{Sfn|Bolton|1995|p=61}} which had been rebuilt by [[Pope Callixtus II|Callixtus II]].{{Sfn|Helmrath|2015|p=35}} Four days later, the anniversary celebration at St. Peter's Basilica brought together such a large gathering that the Pope himself had trouble entering the premises.{{Sfn|Helmrath|2015|p=35}}

The second plenary session was held on 20 November; the Pope was scheduled to preach about church reform, but proceedings were disrupted by bishops who opposed the designation of [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] as Holy Roman Emperor.{{Sfn|Bolton|1995|p=63}} The council concluded on 30 November, [[Saint Andrew's Day]], during which the Pope preached on the [[Nicene Creed]] and concluded his remarks by raising up a relic of the [[True Cross]].{{Sfn|Bolton|1995|p=63}} The [[Elector of Mainz|archbishop of Mainz]] attempted to interrupt the speech, although he complied with the Pope's raising of his hand{{emdash}}a command to stay silent.{{Sfn|Helmrath|2015|p=30}}