Editing Fouke, Arkansas (section)

== History ==
The area around Fouke had long been inhabited by the [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] [[Caddo]] people, prior to [[European colonization of the Americas]]. Caddo tribes and European explorers traded pelts, honey,  beeswax, flour, tobacco, blankets, guns, and other items. After the [[Louisiana Purchase]], the United States established the Sulphur Fork Factory ([[trading post]]) where the [[Sulphur River]] enters the Red River.<ref>{{cite journal |jstor=40024709 |title=Sulphur Fork Factory, 1817-1822 |journal=The Arkansas Historical Quarterly |last1=Magnaghi |first1=Russell M. |year=1978 |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=168–183|doi=10.2307/40024709 }}</ref> In the years following [[Arkansas|Arkansas statehood]], settlers began flowing steadily into the area and the Caddo population was greatly diminished.

In 1889, [[Seventh Day Baptist]] minister James Franklin Shaw and his followers were seeking an area to establish a new colony. In 1890, they chose a site along the [[List of Arkansas railroads|Texarkana, Shreveport and Natchez Railroad]], where a small timber line ended at Fouke's Sawmill. The streets were named for prominent, nationally known Baptists, and upon advertising the area with the offer of reasonably priced land, affordable lumber, and free railroad passage, pioneers traveled to the area from as far away as [[Idaho]], [[Illinois]], and [[West Virginia]].

James H. Fouke, a [[Presbyterian]] entrepreneur, lumberman, and railroad executive, helped them establish their colony, and in 1902 he donated land for a school. The city of Fouke was named in his honor.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hiddenancestors.com/Bowietx/history/historical_markers.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207111932/http://www.hiddenancestors.com/Bowietx/history/historical_markers.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=February 7, 2016 |title=Historical Markers of Bowie County |work=Sharon Pierce, June 2004 - HiddenAncestors.com (see:Rialto Building)}}</ref>

By the early 1920s, the farming and timber industries had brought people of many faiths to the community. A new [[Texas and Pacific Railroad]] depot was constructed in 1906, and the community was incorporated in 1911. Population growth increased during the [[Arkansas Museum of Natural Resources|1920s oil boom]], and in 1928 construction of [[U.S. Route 71 in Arkansas|U.S. Route 71]] further increased Fouke's employment opportunities.

During the [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition era]] of 1920–1936, Fouke suffered violent deaths of many men in relation to the [[rum-running|illegal trafficking of liquor]]. Interstate commerce was not well coordinated during that time, which made Fouke's location attractive to those who would commit crimes and then cross the adjoining border(s).<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=6115|title=Fouke (Miller County)|encyclopedia=Frank McFerrin, Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture - EncyclopediaOfArkansas.net (Early Twentieth Century through the Faubus Era)}}</ref>

Since the 1920s, Fouke has had a reputation as a [[sundown town]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Fouke |url=https://justice.tougaloo.edu/sundowntown/fouke-ar/ |access-date=September 20, 2021 |website=History and Social Justice |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Encyclopedia of Arkansas |url=https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/sundown-towns-3658/ |access-date=September 21, 2021 |website=Encyclopedia of Arkansas |language=en-US}}</ref>

The Fouke State Bank was chartered in 1914, but it went broke during the [[Great Depression in the United States|Great Depression]], and job losses in the community caused many to accept work as part of Depression-era programs such as the [[Civilian Conservation Corps]] and the [[Works Progress Administration]]. It was not until [[United States home front during World War II|World War II]] that large numbers of the citizens found employment at the newly established [[Lone Star Army Ammunition Plant]] and [[Red River Army Depot]], which were located just west of [[Texarkana, Texas|Texarkana]].<ref>"Many Workers Come in from Fouke." ''Texarkana Gazette'', August 12, 1962, p. 2G.</ref>

Since its incorporation, the city of Fouke has seen many improvements to its infrastructure. Dirt and gravel streets were paved in 1958. A new city hall, jail, and fire station were constructed in 1962. A new [[well|"Deep-Well"]] water system was completed in 1966, and the city's sewer system was completed in 1988.

In 1972, Fouke received national attention when [[Charles B. Pierce]] produced a movie called ''The Legend of Boggy Creek''. The movie chronicled the alleged existence of a large, hairy, ape-like creature called the "[[Fouke Monster]]". A number of local citizens were cast, and the movie used area wetlands, rivers, and creeks for its location.

In 2001 Fouke celebrated the grand opening of the Fouke Community Center, and the grand opening of the Miller County Historical and Family Museum was celebrated in 2003.

In 2010, Fouke citizens dedicated the Veterans Memorial Park. The memorial covers two-thirds of a city block. It is a perpetually flagged and lighted monument that contains a growing list of veterans' names and military histories.

In 2011, local groups such as the Citizens for a Better Community raised funds to provide improvements that include "Welcome" signs on Highway 71 at the north and south ends of the city, along with various beautification and community service projects. They purchased one of Fouke's historic homes with a plan to renovate and restore it to create an events center and community library. By that time, the [[Fouke School District]] had become the city's largest employer, with more than 1,000 students and more than 165 employees.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fouke.schoolfusion.us/modules/tt/staffList/staffListSimplified.phtml|title=Fouke School District Faculty & Staff|work=Fouke School District - Fouke.SchoolFusion.US|access-date=February 7, 2016|archive-date=February 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207111023/http://fouke.schoolfusion.us/modules/tt/staffList/staffListSimplified.phtml|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2013, Fouke began the Boggy Creek Festival to promote the local area, bring together the community, and to share information and humor about the "Fouke Monster".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boggycreekfestival.com/|title=Boggy Creek Festival|work=BoggyCreekFestival.com|access-date=February 7, 2016|archive-date=February 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207103207/http://www.boggycreekfestival.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref>