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==Origins== {{Infobox UK legislation | short_title = Forth and Clyde Navigation Act 1768 | type = Act | parliament = Parliament of Great Britain | long_title = An Act for making and maintaining a Navigable Cut or Canal from the Firth or River of Forth, at or near the Mouth of the River of Carron, in the County of Stirling, to the Firth or River of Clyde, at or near a Place called Dalmuir Burn-foot, in the County of Dumbarton; and also a collateral Cut from the same to the City of Glasgow, and for making a Navigable Cut or Canal of Communication from the Port and Harbour of Borrowstounness, to join the Said Canal, at or near, the Place where it will fall into the Firth of Forth. | year = 1768 | citation = [[8 Geo. 3]]. c. 63 | introduced_commons = | introduced_lords = | territorial_extent = | royal_assent = 8 March 1768 | commencement = | expiry_date = | repeal_date = | amends = | replaces = | amendments = | repealing_legislation = | related_legislation = | status = | legislation_history = | theyworkforyou = | millbankhansard = | original_text = | revised_text = | use_new_UK-LEG = | UK-LEG_title = | collapsed = yes }} {{Infobox UK legislation | short_title = {{visible anchor|Forth and Clyde Navigation Act 1771}} | type = Act | parliament = Parliament of Great Britain | long_title = An Act to explain, amend, and render more effectual an Act made in the Eighth Year of His present Majesty's Reign, intituled, "An Act for making and maintaining a Navigable Cut or Canal from the Firth or River of Forth, at or near the Mouth of the River of Carron in the County of Stirling, to the Firth or River of Clyde, at or near a Place called Dalmuir Burnfoot in the County of Dumbarton; and also a collateral Cut from the same to the City of Glasgow; and for making a Navigable Cut or Canal of Communication, from the Port and Harbour of Borrowstounness, to join the said Canal at or near the Place where it will fall into the Firth of Forth." | year = 1771 | citation = [[11 Geo. 3]]. c. 62 | introduced_commons = | introduced_lords = | territorial_extent = | royal_assent = 8 March 1771 | commencement = | expiry_date = | repeal_date = | amends = Forth and Clyde Navigation Act 1768 | replaces = | amendments = | repealing_legislation = | related_legislation = | status = | legislation_history = | theyworkforyou = | millbankhansard = | original_text = | revised_text = | use_new_UK-LEG = | UK-LEG_title = | collapsed = yes }} {{Infobox UK legislation | short_title = {{visible anchor|Forth and Clyde Navigation Act 1784}} | type = Act | parliament = Parliament of Great Britain | long_title = An Act for extending, amending, and altering the Powers of an Act made in the Eighth Year of the Reign of His present Majesty, intituled, "An Act for making and maintaining a navigable Cut, or Canal, from the Firth or River of Forth, at or near the Mouth of the River of Carron, in the County of Stirling, to the Firth or River of Clyde, at or near a Place called Dalmuir Burnfoot, in the County of Dumbarton; and also a collateral Cut from the same to the City of Glasgow; and for making a navigable Cut, or Canal of Communication, from the Port and Harbour of Borrowstounness, to join the said Canal, at or near the Place where it will fall into the Firth of Forth." | year = 1784 | citation = [[24 Geo. 3. Sess. 2]]. c. 59 | introduced_commons = | introduced_lords = | territorial_extent = | royal_assent = | commencement = | expiry_date = | repeal_date = | amends = Forth and Clyde Navigation Act 1768 | replaces = | amendments = | repealing_legislation = Forth and Clyde Navigation Act 1841 | related_legislation = | status = repealed | legislation_history = | theyworkforyou = | millbankhansard = | original_text = | revised_text = | use_new_UK-LEG = | UK-LEG_title = | collapsed = yes }} {{Infobox UK legislation | short_title = {{visible anchor|Forth and Clyde Navigation Act 1773}} | type = Act | parliament = Parliament of Great Britain | long_title = An Act to enlarge the Powers of Two Acts, made in the Eighth and Eleventh Years of the Reign of His present Majesty, for making and maintaining a navigable Cut or Canal, from the Firth or River of Forth, at or near the Mouth of the River of Carron, in the County of Stirling, to the Firth or River of Clyde, at or near a Place called Dalmuir Burnfoot, in the County of Dumbarton; and also a collateral Cut from the same to the City of Glasgow; and for making a navigable Cut or Canal of Communication from the Port and Harbour, of Burrowstounness, to join the said Canal at or near the Place where it will sell into the Firth of Forth. | year = 1773 | citation = [[13 Geo. 3]]. c. 104 | introduced_commons = | introduced_lords = | territorial_extent = | royal_assent = 10 May 1773 | commencement = | expiry_date = | repeal_date = | amends = | replaces = | amendments = | repealing_legislation = | related_legislation = | status = | legislation_history = | theyworkforyou = | millbankhansard = | original_text = | revised_text = | use_new_UK-LEG = | UK-LEG_title = | collapsed = yes }} {{Infobox UK legislation | short_title = {{visible anchor|Forth and Clyde Navigation Act 1787}} | type = Act | parliament = Parliament of Great Britain | long_title = An Act for varying and extending the Powers of the Company of Proprietors of the Forth and Clyde Navigation. | year = 1787 | citation = [[27 Geo. 3]]. c. 20 | introduced_commons = | introduced_lords = | territorial_extent = | royal_assent = 21 May 1787 | commencement = | expiry_date = | repeal_date = | amends = | replaces = | amendments = | repealing_legislation = | related_legislation = | status = | legislation_history = | theyworkforyou = | millbankhansard = | original_text = | revised_text = | use_new_UK-LEG = | UK-LEG_title = | collapsed = yes }} {{Infobox UK legislation | short_title = {{visible anchor|Forth and Clyde Navigation (No. 2) Act 1787}} | type = Act | parliament = Parliament of Great Britain | long_title = An Act for altering and extending the Line of the Cut or Canal authorized to be made and maintained by so much of several Acts made in the Eighth, Eleventh, Thirteenth, and Twenty-fourth Years of the Reign of His present Majesty, as authorizes the making and maintaining a navigable Cut or Canal from the Frith or River of Forth at or near the Mouth of the River of Carron in the County of Stirling, to the Frith or River of Clyde at or near a Place called Dalmuir Burnfoot in the County of Dumbarton; and also a collateral Cut from the same to the City of Glasgow; for deepening the said Cut or Canal, and for explaining and amending so much of the said Acts as relates to the making and maintaining the said Cut or Canal. | year = 1787 | citation = [[27 Geo. 3]]. c. 55 | introduced_commons = | introduced_lords = | territorial_extent = | royal_assent = 28 May 1787 | commencement = | expiry_date = | repeal_date = | amends = | replaces = | amendments = | repealing_legislation = | related_legislation = | status = | legislation_history = | theyworkforyou = | millbankhansard = | original_text = | revised_text = | use_new_UK-LEG = | UK-LEG_title = | collapsed = yes }} {{Infobox UK legislation | short_title = {{visible anchor|Forth and Clyde and Monkland Canal Act 1790}} | type = Act | parliament = Parliament of Great Britain | long_title = An Act for forming a Junction between the Forth and Clyde Navigation, and the Monkland Navigation, and for altering, enlarging, and explaining, several former Acts passed, for making and maintaining the said Navigations. | year = 1790 | citation = 30 Geo. 3. c. 73 | introduced_commons = | introduced_lords = | territorial_extent = | royal_assent = 9 June 1790 | commencement = | expiry_date = | repeal_date = | amends = | replaces = | amendments = | repealing_legislation = | related_legislation = | status = | legislation_history = | theyworkforyou = | millbankhansard = | original_text = | revised_text = | use_new_UK-LEG = | UK-LEG_title = | collapsed = yes }} {{Infobox UK legislation | short_title = {{visible anchor|Forth and Clyde Navigation Act 1806}} | type = Act | parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom | long_title = An Act to alter and amend the several Acts passed for making and maintaining the Forth and Clyde Navigation. | year = 1806 | citation = [[46 Geo. 3]]. c. cxx | introduced_commons = | introduced_lords = | territorial_extent = | royal_assent = 12 July 1806 | commencement = | expiry_date = | repeal_date = | amends = | replaces = | amendments = | repealing_legislation = | related_legislation = | status = | legislation_history = | theyworkforyou = | millbankhansard = | original_text = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Geo3/46/120/pdfs/ukla_18060120_en.pdf | revised_text = | use_new_UK-LEG = | UK-LEG_title = | collapsed = yes }} {{Infobox UK legislation | short_title = {{visible anchor|Forth and Clyde Navigation Act 1814}} | type = Act | parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom | long_title = An Act to enlarge, alter and amend the Powers of the several Acts for making and maintaining the Forth and Clyde Navigation. | year = 1814 | citation = 54 Geo. 3. c. cxcv | introduced_commons = | introduced_lords = | territorial_extent = | royal_assent = 14 July 1814 | commencement = | expiry_date = | repeal_date = | amends = | replaces = | amendments = | repealing_legislation = | related_legislation = | status = | legislation_history = | theyworkforyou = | millbankhansard = | original_text = | revised_text = | use_new_UK-LEG = | UK-LEG_title = | collapsed = yes }} {{Infobox UK legislation | short_title = {{visible anchor|Forth and Clyde Navigation Act 1820}} | type = Act | parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom | long_title = | year = 1820 | citation = [[1 Geo. 4]]. c. xlviii | introduced_commons = | introduced_lords = | territorial_extent = | royal_assent = 8 July 1820 | commencement = | expiry_date = | repeal_date = | amends = | replaces = | amendments = | repealing_legislation = | related_legislation = | status = | legislation_history = | theyworkforyou = | millbankhansard = | original_text = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Geo4/1/48/pdfs/ukla_18200048_en.pdf | revised_text = | use_new_UK-LEG = | UK-LEG_title = | collapsed = yes }} {{Infobox UK legislation | short_title = {{visible anchor|Forth and Clyde Navigation Act 1836}} | type = Act | parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom | long_title = An Act for improving, enlarging, and extending the Forth and Clyde Navigation, and certain Harbours and Works belonging thereto and connected therewith; and for making and maintaining Two Branch Cuts or Canals from the said Navigation. | year = 1836 | citation = [[6 & 7 Will. 4]]. c. xliii | introduced_commons = | introduced_lords = | territorial_extent = | royal_assent = 19 May 1836 | commencement = | expiry_date = | repeal_date = | amends = | replaces = | amendments = | repealing_legislation = | related_legislation = | status = | legislation_history = | theyworkforyou = | millbankhansard = | original_text = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Will4/6-7/43/pdfs/ukla_18360043_en.pdf | revised_text = | use_new_UK-LEG = | UK-LEG_title = | collapsed = yes }} {{Infobox UK legislation | short_title = {{visible anchor|Forth and Clyde Navigation Act 1841}} | type = Act | parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom | long_title = An Act to consolidate, amend, and enlarge the Powers and Provisions of the several Acts relating to the Forth and Clyde Navigation. | year = 1841 | citation = [[4 & 5 Vict.]] c. lv | introduced_commons = | introduced_lords = | territorial_extent = | royal_assent = 21 June 1841 | commencement = | expiry_date = | repeal_date = | amends = | replaces = | amendments = | repealing_legislation = | related_legislation = | status = | legislation_history = | theyworkforyou = | millbankhansard = | original_text = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Vict/4-5/55/pdfs/ukla_18410055_en.pdf | revised_text = | use_new_UK-LEG = | UK-LEG_title = | collapsed = yes }} The canal was authorised by the '''{{visible anchor|Forth and Clyde Navigation Act 1768}}''' ([[8 Geo. 3]]. c. 63). Priestley, writing in 1831, said: {{quote|The first [[act of parliament]] relating to this canal, received the royal assent on the 8 March 1768, and it is entitled, 'An Act for making and maintaining a navigable Canal from the [[Firth of Forth|Firth or River of Forth]], at or near the mouth of the [[River Carron, Forth|River Carron]], in the [[Stirlingshire|county of Stirling]], to the [[Firth of Clyde|Firth or River of Clyde]], at or near a place called [[Dalmuir]] Burnfoot, in the [[Dumbartonshire|county of Dumbarton]]; and also a collateral Cut from the same to the city of Glasgow; and for making a navigable Cut or Canal of Communication from the Port or Harbour of [[Bo'ness|Borrowstounness]], to join the said Canal at or near the place where it will fall into the Firth of Forth.' The subscribers were incorporated by the name of "The Company of Proprietors of the Forth and Clyde Navigation," with power to raise among themselves the sum of Β£150,000, in fifteen hundred shares of Β£100 each, and an additional sum of Β£50,000, if necessary.<ref name = priestley>Joseph Priestley, ''A Historical Account of the Navigable Rivers, Canals, and Railways, of Great Britain'', Longman, Rees Orme, Brown and Green, London, 1831</ref>}} At first there were difficulties with securing the capital for the work, but soon, thanks in the main to investment by [[Sir Lawrence Dundas, 1st Baronet]], "the execution of this canal proceeded with such rapidity, under the direction of [the engineer] Mr. Smeaton, that in two years and three quarters from the date of the first act, one half of the work was finished; when, in consequence of some misunderstanding between him and the proprietors, he declined any further connection with the work, which was shortly afterwards let to contractors, who however failed, and the canal was again placed under the direction of its original projector, who brought it to within {{convert|6|mi|km|0|spell=in|disp=sqbr}} of its proposed junction with the Clyde, when the work was stopped in 1775 for want of funds, and it continued at a stand for several years."<ref name = priestley/> Numerous supplementary acts of Parliament preceded this period, and more followed, but the key to unlocking the problem was some creativity, in which "the Barons of the [[Court of Exchequer (Scotland)|Court of Exchequer]] in Scotland, are, out of the money arising from the sale of forfeited estates, directed to lend the Forth and Clyde Navigation Company the sum of Β£50,000, by which they were enabled to resume their labours, under the direction of Mr. Robert Whitworth, an engineer possessing a well earned reputation". The work was completed on 28 July 1790.<ref name = priestley/> The Forth and Clyde Navigation Committee was set up in Glasgow in (or before) 1787 and had several notable members: [[John Riddel]] ([[Lord Provost of Glasgow]]); [[John Campbell of Clathick]]; [[Patrick Colquhoun]] (Convenor and Superintendent); [[Robert Whitworth (canal engineer)|Robert Whitworth]] (engineer); [[Archibald Spiers]]; John Cumine (as collector of fees at east end) and James Loudon (as collector of fees at west end).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://digital.nls.uk/directories/browse/archive/85272279|title = (40) - Towns > Glasgow > 1787 - Reprint of Jones's directory; or, Useful pocket companion for the year 1787 - Scottish Directories - National Library of Scotland}}</ref>
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