Editing Foreign relations of Brazil (section)

==Foreign policy==
Brazil's foreign policy is a by-product of the country's unique position as a [[regional power]] in Latin America, a leader among [[Developing country|developing countries]], and an emerging [[world power]].<ref>[http://www.wilsoncenter.org/news/docs/RL33456.pdf U.S. Congressional Report on Brazil] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090710013700/http://www.wilsoncenter.org/news/docs/RL33456.pdf |date=2009-07-10 }} [[United States Congress]]. Retrieved on 2009-06-23.</ref> Brazilian foreign policy has generally been based on the principles of [[multilateralism]], peaceful dispute settlement, and non-intervention in the affairs of other countries.<ref>Georges D. Landau, "The Decision-making Process in Foreign Policy: The Case of Brazil," Center for Strategic and International Studies: Washington DC: March 2003</ref> Brazil engages in multilateral diplomacy through the Organization of American States and the United Nations, and has increased ties with developing countries in Africa and Asia. Brazil is currently commanding a multinational U.N. stabilization force in Haiti, the [[MINUSTAH]]. Instead of pursuing unilateral prerogatives, Brazilian foreign policy has tended to emphasize regional integration, first through the [[Mercosur|Southern Cone Common Market (Mercosul)]] and now the [[Union of South American Nations]]. Brazil is also committed to cooperation with other Portuguese-speaking nations<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brasilemb.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=144&Itemid=133|title=Brasilemb.org|website=www.brasilemb.org|date=23 September 2024 }}</ref> through joint-collaborations with the rest of the Portuguese-speaking world, in several domains which include military cooperation, financial aid, and cultural exchange. This is done in the framework of [[CPLP]],<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.cplp.org/Default.aspx| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081006041702/http://www.cplp.org/Default.aspx| archive-date = 2008-10-06| title = CPLP - Comunidades dos Países de Língua Portuguesa}}</ref> for instance. Lula da Silva visit to Africa in 2003 included State visits to three Portuguese-speaking African nations ([[Angola]], [[São Tomé and Príncipe]], and [[Mozambique]]).<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3234519.stm | work=BBC News | title=Brazil's president visits Angola | date=2003-11-03 | access-date=2010-04-02}}</ref> Finally, Brazil is also strongly committed in the development and restoration of peace in [[East Timor]], where it has a very powerful influence.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Pepe|first=Leandro Leone|title=O envolvimento do Brasil na questão timorense|journal=Revue Lusotopie XIII|year=2005|url=http://docserver.ingentaconnect.com/deliver/connect/brill/12570273/v13n2/s2.pdf?expires=1347340272&id=70397587&titleid=75000163&accname=Guest+User&checksum=92066919CF39D1CE272B3FC32CDDA017|access-date=11 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Brazil sends observers to East Timor elections|url=http://www.brazil.org.uk/press/pressreleases_files/20070622.html|publisher=Embassy of Brazil in London|access-date=11 September 2012|date=June 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305055634/http://www.brazil.org.uk/press/pressreleases_files/20070622.html|archive-date=5 March 2012|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Brazil's political, business, and military ventures are complemented by the country's [[trade policy]]. In Brazil, the [[Ministry of Foreign Relations of Brazil|Ministry of Foreign Relations]] continues to dominate trade policy, causing the country's commercial interests to be (at times) subsumed by a larger foreign policy goal, namely, enhancing Brazil's influence in Latin America and the world.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Rodrigues|first1=Pietro|last2=Urdinez|first2=Francisco|last3=de Oliveira|first3=Amâncio|date=2019-07-01|title=Measuring International Engagement: Systemic and Domestic Factors in Brazilian Foreign Policy from 1998 to 2014|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/fpa/orz010|journal=Foreign Policy Analysis|volume=15|issue=3|pages=370–391|doi=10.1093/fpa/orz010|issn=1743-8586}}</ref><ref>''CRS Report RL33258, Brazilian Trade Policy and the United States'', by J. F. Hornbeck</ref> For example, while concluding meaningful trade agreements with [[developed countries]] (such as the United States and the [[European Union]]) would probably be beneficial to Brazil's long-term economic self-interest, the Brazilian government has instead prioritized its leadership role within Mercosul and expanded trade ties with countries in Africa, Asia and the Middle East.

Brazil's [[soft power]] diplomacy involves institutional strategies such as the formation of diplomatic coalitions to constrain the power of the established [[great power]]s.<ref name="RBPI">[http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0034-73292010000100008&script=sci_arttext Brazil in the BRIC initiative: soft balancing in the shifting world order?] Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional. Retrieved on 2011-09-30.</ref> In recent years, it has given high priority in establishing political dialogue with other [[middle power|strategic actors]] such as India, Russia, China and South Africa through participation in international groupings such as [[BASIC countries|BASIC]], [[IBSA Dialogue Forum|IBSA]] and [[BRICS]]. The BRICS states have been amongst the most powerful drivers of incremental change in world diplomacy and they benefit most from the connected global power shifts.<ref name="RBPI" />

===Workers Party administration: 2003-2016===
{{See also|List of presidential trips made by Dilma Rousseff}}
[[File:FIDEL NA POSSE DO LULA EM 2003.jpg|thumb|Lula and Cuban leader [[Fidel Castro]], 2003]]
[[File:Vladimir Putin with Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva-2.jpg|thumbnail|Lula with [[President of Russia]] [[Vladimir Putin]], 2005]]
[[File:Chavez e Lula.jpg|thumb|Lula and Venezuelan President [[Hugo Chavez]], 2005]]
[[File:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva 2009.jpg|thumb|Lula with Iranian president [[Ahmadinejad]], 2009]]
The Brazilian foreign policy under the [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva|Lula da Silva]] administration (2003–2010) focused on the following directives: to contribute toward the search for greater equilibrium and attenuate [[unilateralism]]; to strengthen [[Bilateralism|bilateral]] and [[Multilateralism|multilateral]] relations in order to increase the country's weight in political and economic negotiations on an international level; to deepen relations so as to benefit from greater economical, financial, technological and cultural interchange; to avoid agreements that could jeopardize development in the long term.<ref name="UNESP">[http://www.allacademic.com//meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/1/8/0/4/5/pages180452/p180452-1.php Lula da Silva’s Foreign Policy: The Autonomy through Diversification Strategy] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830113935/http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/1/8/0/4/5/pages180452/p180452-1.php |date=2009-08-30 }} Vigevani, Tullo; Cepaluni, Gabriel. Retrieved on 2009-07-11.</ref>

These directives implied precise emphasis on: the search for political coordination with [[Newly industrialized country|emerging]] and [[Developing country|developing countries]], namely India, South Africa, Russia and China; creation of the [[Union of South American Nations]] and its derivative bodies, such as the South American Security Council; strengthening of [[Mercosul]]; projection at the [[Doha Development Round|Doha Round]] and [[World Trade Organization|WTO]]; maintenance of relations with [[developed country|developed countries]], including the United States; undertaking and narrowing of relations with African countries; campaign for the [[reform of the United Nations Security Council]] and for a permanent seat for Brazil; and defense of social objectives allowing for a greater equilibrium between the States and populations.<ref name="UNESP"/>

From 2003 to 2010, Lula embraced China as central to reforming what he considered an unjust global order.<ref name="auto11">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/04/13/lula-should-be-clear-eyed-about-beijing|title=Lula Should Be Clear-Eyed About Beijing|work= Human Rights Watch|date=13 April 2023}}</ref> Lula stated Brazil's commitment to the One China principle that is the position held by the [[People's Republic of China]] and the ruling [[Chinese Communist Party]], saying that the government of the People's Republic of China was the sole legal government representing the whole of China, including [[Taiwan]] -- as part of China.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mfa.gov.cn/eng/wjdt_665385/2649_665393/200906/t20090610_679258.html|title=Joint Communiqué Between the People's Republic of China and The Federative Republic of Brazil on Further Strengthening China-Brazil Strategic Partnership|website=mfa.gov.cn}}</ref>

Under Lula, Brazil provided money and corporate support to Cuba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.mercopress.com/2003/09/27/brazil-cuba-sign-200m-in-business-deals|title=Brazil, Cuba Sign $200M in Business Deals.|website=MercoPress}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/feb/25/fidel-castro-cuba-lula-brazil|title=Fidel Castro holds 'emotional' meeting with Brazilian president|first=Haroon|last=Siddique|date=25 February 2010|work=The Guardian}}</ref> The state-controlled Brazilian oil company [[Petrobras]] studied the possibility of drilling for oil off of Cuba, while the [[Odebrecht]] construction firm headed a revamp of the Cuban port of [[Mariel, Cuba|Mariel]] into the island's main commercial port.<ref name="auto3"/><ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN15536192/|title=Brazil's Lula offers Cuba oil knowhow, credit |website=Reuters}}</ref> Brazil's state-run [[Brazilian Development Bank]] gave $300 million to Odebrecht to build new roads, rail lines, wharves, and warehouses at Mariel.<ref name="auto3"/> Brazil also offered Cuba up to $1 billion in [[line of credit|credit line]]s to pay for Brazilian goods and services.<ref name="auto2"/>

In November 2007, Lula defended Venezuela's president [[Hugo Chávez]] as the democratic choice of his people.<ref name="auto9">{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-venezuela/brazils-lula-defends-chavez-as-referendum-nears-idUSN2536376520071125/|title=Brazil's Lula defends Chavez as referendum nears|website=Reuters|date=November 25, 2007 }}</ref> He said: "There is no risk with Chávez."<ref name="auto9"/> Expressing his admiration for Chávez, he said "Only thanks to Chávez’s leadership, the people [of Venezuela] have had extraordinary achievements," and that in 2008 that Chávez was "the best president the country has had in 100 years."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/474c851c-6a32-3e98-ac08-8e17a458463a|title=x|website=The Financial Times}}</ref>

The foreign policy of the [[Dilma Rousseff|Rousseff]] administration (2011–2016) sought to deepen Brazil's regional commercial dominance and diplomacy, expand Brazil's presence in Africa, and play a major role in the [[G-20 major economies|G20]] on [[global warming]] and in other multilateral settings.<ref>[http://www.cfr.org/brazil/brazils-rousseff-continuity-tests/p23282 Brazil's Rousseff: Continuity and Tests] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111105135451/http://www.cfr.org/brazil/brazils-rousseff-continuity-tests/p23282 |date=2011-11-05 }} Sweig, Julia E. Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved on 2011-09-19.</ref> At the United Nations, Brazil continues to oppose [[Economic sanctions]] and foreign military intervention, while seeking to garner support for a permanent seat at the [[United Nations Security Council|Security Council]].<ref>[http://www.americas-society.org/article.php?id=3162&nav=res&subid=52 Rousseff Tweaks Brazil's Foreign Policy at the UN] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303171802/http://www.americas-society.org/article.php?id=3162&nav=res&subid=52 |date=2016-03-03 }} Council of the Americas.

Retrieved on 2011-09-19.</ref> Cooperation with other [[Emerging Powers|emerging powers]] remain a top priority in Brazil's global diplomatic strategy. On the recent airstrike resolution supporting [[2011 military intervention in Libya|military action in Libya]], Brazil joined fellow [[BRICS]] in the Council and [[Abstention|abstained]]. On the draft resolution condemning [[2011 Syrian uprising|violence in Syria]], Brazil worked with India and South Africa to try to bridge the Western powers' divide with Russia and China.<ref>[http://www.brazilpolitics.com.br/2011/09/rousseffs-foreign-policy-has-limited.html Rousseff's foreign policy has limited room for change] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402161645/http://www.brazilpolitics.com.br/2011/09/rousseffs-foreign-policy-has-limited.html |date=2012-04-02 }} Brazil Politics. Retrieved on 2011-09-19.</ref>

===Bolsonaro administration, 2019-2022===
{{See also|List of international presidential trips made by Jair Bolsonaro}}

After [[Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff|Rousseff's impeachment]], Brazil started reconnecting with its western allies. In 2019 [[Jair Bolsonaro]] succeeded [[Michel Temer]]. The new foreign policy focused on a reapprochement with major governments especially the United States and Colombia in the Americas; Israel, Japan and South Korea in Asia; United Kingdom, Italy and Greece in Europe. The [[Brazil–Portugal relations]] were also strengthened, and despite disagreements over the [[crisis in Venezuela]], Brazil remained close to the BRICS countries.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/07/07/bolsonaro-failed-diplomacy-brazil-isolated-coronavirus/| title = Brazil's Coronavirus Pandemic Failures Are Matched by Its Diplomatic Disasters| date = 7 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://brazilian.report/power/2019/12/18/foreign-policy-brazil-year-1-bolsonaro/| title = Bolsonaro year 1: Foreign policy, a 180-degree turn for Brazil| date = 18 December 2019| access-date = 7 April 2021| archive-date = 21 October 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201021124106/https://brazilian.report/power/2019/12/18/foreign-policy-brazil-year-1-bolsonaro/| url-status = dead}}</ref>

[[File:19-03-2019 Encontro com o Senhor Donald Trump, Presidente dos Estados Unidos da América.jpg|right|thumb|Bolsonaro with United States President [[Donald Trump]] at the [[White House]], 19 March 2019]]
[[File:20 09 2021 - Encontro com o Primeiro Ministro do Reino Unido, Boris Johnson (51496837523).jpg|thumb|right|Bolsonaro with United Kingdom Prime Minister [[Boris Johnson]], 20 September 2021]]
During the 2018 presidential campaign, Bolsonaro said he would make considerable changes to Brazil's foreign relations, saying that the "''[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Brazil)|Itamaraty]]'' needs to be in service of the values that were always associated with the Brazilian people". He also said that the country should stop "praising dictators" and attacking democracies, such as the United States, Israel and Italy.<ref name="foreignpolicy">{{Cite news|first=Ana Cristina|last=Campos |url=http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/politica/noticia/2018-10/veja-propostas-de-bolsonaro-e-haddad-para-politica-externa|title=Veja as propostas de Bolsonaro e Haddad para a política externa|work=Agência Brasil|date=26 October 2018|access-date=26 October 2018|archive-date=26 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026133450/http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/politica/noticia/2018-10/veja-propostas-de-bolsonaro-e-haddad-para-politica-externa|url-status=live}}</ref> In early 2018, he affirmed that his "trip to the five democratic countries the United States, Israel, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan showed who we will be and we would like to join good people". Bolsonaro has shown distrust towards China throughout the presidential campaign claiming they "[want to] buy Brazil",<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://manchikoni.com/presidential-candidates-present-a-drastic-turn-in-foreign-policy-jair-bolsonaro-psl-promises-to-break-brazils-traditional-diplomatic-positions-while-fernando-haddad/ |title=Presidential candidates present a drastic turn in foreign policy Jair Bolsonaro (PSL) promises to break Brazil's traditional diplomatic positions while Fernando Haddad|access-date=27 October 2018|archive-date=28 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028073809/https://manchikoni.com/presidential-candidates-present-a-drastic-turn-in-foreign-policy-jair-bolsonaro-psl-promises-to-break-brazils-traditional-diplomatic-positions-while-fernando-haddad/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKVnvgrkcfQ|title=Os compromissos de Bolsonaro em Taiwan.|work=Jair Bolsonaro|date=4 March 2018|access-date=29 October 2018|archive-date=7 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007191057/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKVnvgrkcfQ|url-status=live}}</ref> although Brazil recorded a US$20 billion trade surplus with China in 2018, and China is only the 13th largest source of foreign direct investment into Brazil.<ref name="ft">{{cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/b5371a10-044a-11e9-bf0f-53b8511afd73|title=Bolsonaro will regret baiting the Chinese tiger|last=Spektor|first=Matias|date=27 December 2018|website=Financial Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228035040/https://www.ft.com/content/b5371a10-044a-11e9-bf0f-53b8511afd73|archive-date=28 December 2018|url-status=live|access-date=27 December 2018}}</ref> Bolsonaro said he wishes to continue to have business with the Chinese but he also said that Brazil should "make better [economic] deals" with other countries, with no "ideological agenda" behind it.<ref name="estadaomarco">{{cite news|first=Constança|last=Rezende|url=https://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,bolsonaro-quer-campo-de-refugiados-em-roraima,70002226010|title=Bolsonaro quer campo de refugiados em Roraima|newspaper=[[O Estado de S. Paulo]]|publisher=Grupo Estado|location=São Paulo, Brazil|date=14 March 2018|access-date=14 March 2018|archive-date=27 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427233428/https://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,bolsonaro-quer-campo-de-refugiados-em-roraima,70002226010|url-status=live}}</ref> His stance towards China has also been interpreted as an attempt to curry favor from the [[First presidency of Donald Trump|Trump]] administration to garner concessions from the US.<ref name="ft"/> However, Bolsonaro has mostly changed his position on China after he took office, saying that the two countries were "born to walk together" during his visit to Beijing in October 2019.<ref name=":5">{{cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/12/06/bolsonaro-losing-bet-trump-brazil-tariffs/|title=Bolsonaro Placed a Losing Bet on Trump|last=Stuenkel|first=Oliver|website=Foreign Policy|date=6 December 2019 |access-date=6 December 2019|archive-date=6 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206191650/https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/12/06/bolsonaro-losing-bet-trump-brazil-tariffs/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=25 October 2019 |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3034658/common-ground-investment-still-no-hint-brazil-signing-chinas|title=Still no hint of Brazil signing up for China's Belt and Road Initiative |website=South China Morning Post|access-date=6 December 2019|archive-date=6 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206191640/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3034658/common-ground-investment-still-no-hint-brazil-signing-chinas|url-status=live}}</ref> He has also said that Brazil will stay out of the ongoing [[China–United States trade war|China-U.S. trade war]].<ref name=":5" />

Bolsonaro said that his first international trip as president would be to [[Brazil–Israel relations|Israel]].<ref name="palestine">{{cite news |title=Israel hails election of Brazil's controversial Bolsonaro, who plans visit soon |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-hails-election-of-brazils-controversial-bolsonaro-who-plans-visit/ |work=The Times of Israel |date=29 October 2018 |access-date=31 October 2018 |archive-date=1 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101020510/https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-hails-election-of-brazils-controversial-bolsonaro-who-plans-visit/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Bolsonaro also said that the [[State of Palestine]] "is not a country, so there should be no embassy here", adding that "you don't negotiate with terrorists."<ref name="palestine" /> The announcement was warmly received by the prime minister of Israel, [[Benjamin Netanyahu]], who welcomed Bolsonaro to Israel in March 2019 during the final weeks of a re-election campaign,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://jg-tc.com/news/world/netanyahu-warmly-welcomes-brazil-s-bolsonaro-in-israel/article_2b286bf8-4d6e-5f02-9a6d-4e83a9cf4e34.html|title=Netanyahu embraces Brazil's far-right Bolsonaro in Israel|work=Associated Presa|date=31 March 2019|access-date=6 April 2018|first=Ilan|last=Ben Zion|archive-date=6 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406124230/https://jg-tc.com/news/world/netanyahu-warmly-welcomes-brazil-s-bolsonaro-in-israel/article_2b286bf8-4d6e-5f02-9a6d-4e83a9cf4e34.html|url-status=live}}</ref> but was met with condemnation from the [[Arab League]], which warned Bolsonaro it could damage diplomatic ties.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/arab-league-warns-brazil-that-jerusalem-embassy-move-could-harm-ties/ |title=Arab League warns Brazil that Jerusalem embassy move could harm ties |work=Times of Israel |date=11 December 2018 |access-date=3 May 2019 |archive-date=31 March 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331171504/https://www.timesofisrael.com/arab-league-warns-brazil-that-jerusalem-embassy-move-could-harm-ties/}}</ref> "I love Israel," Bolsonaro said in Hebrew at a welcoming ceremony, with Netanyahu at his side, at Tel Aviv's Ben-Gurion airport.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/i-love-israel-brazils-bolsonaro-lands-in-tel-aviv/a-48134150|title='I love Israel' — Brazil's Bolsonaro lands in Tel Aviv |website=Deutsche Welle|access-date=5 December 2019|archive-date=4 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204235025/https://www.dw.com/en/i-love-israel-brazils-bolsonaro-lands-in-tel-aviv/a-48134150|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Bolsonaro Xi Jinping China 2019.jpg|left|thumb|Bolsonaro with Chinese President [[Xi Jinping]] in October 2019]]
Bolsonaro also praised U.S. President Donald Trump and [[Foreign policy of the first Donald Trump administration|his foreign policy]],<ref name="foreignpolicy" /> and has been called "the tropical Trump".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/874c8a46-4873-11e9-bbc9-6917dce3dc62|title=Brazil's 'Tropical Trump' seeks to reset ties with White House visit|newspaper=Financial Times|date=18 March 2019 |access-date=9 November 2019|archive-date=9 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109155433/https://www.ft.com/content/874c8a46-4873-11e9-bbc9-6917dce3dc62|url-status=live}}</ref> His son [[Eduardo Bolsonaro|Eduardo]] has indicated that Brazil should distance itself from Iran, sever ties with [[Nicolás Maduro]]'s government in Venezuela and relocate [[List of diplomatic missions in Israel|Brazil's embassy in Israel]] to Jerusalem.<ref>{{cite news |title=Brazil Should Shun Venezuela and Embrace Israel, Bolsonaro's Son Says |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-10-10/brazil-to-shun-venezuela-and-embrace-israel-bolsonaro-son-says |work=Bloomberg |date=10 October 2018 |access-date=29 October 2018 |archive-date=29 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029232403/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-10-10/brazil-to-shun-venezuela-and-embrace-israel-bolsonaro-son-says |url-status=live }}</ref> Bolsonaro is widely considered the most pro-American candidate in Brazil since the 1980s. PSL members said that if elected, he would dramatically improve [[Brazil–United States relations|relations between the United States and Brazil]].<ref name=":3">{{cite web|last=Wierson|first=Arick |url=https://observer.com/2018/10/brazil-elections-jair-bolsonaro-donald-trump/|title=Will Brazil's Jair Bolsonaro Become Trump's New Best Friend?|date=7 October 2018|website=[[The Observer]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012014611/https://observer.com/2018/10/brazil-elections-jair-bolsonaro-donald-trump/amp/ |archive-date=12 October 2018|url-status=live|access-date=11 October 2018}}</ref> During an October 2017 campaign rally in [[Miami]], he saluted the American flag and led chants of "USA! USA!" to a large crowd.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.americasquarterly.org/content/what-expect-jair-bolsonaro|title=What to Expect from Jair Bolsonaro|last=Winter|first=Brian|date=9 October 2018|website=[[Americas Quarterly]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012053919/https://www.americasquarterly.org/content/what-expect-jair-bolsonaro|archive-date=12 October 2018|url-status=live|access-date=11 October 2018}}</ref> U.S. National Security Advisor [[John R. Bolton|John Bolton]] praised Bolsonaro as a "like-minded" partner and said his victory was a "positive sign" for Latin America.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jair Bolsonaro: Brazil's far-right president-elect wants to move Israel embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/jair-bolsonaro-brazil-embassy-israel-tel-aviv-jerusalem-middle-east-palestine-a8614066.html |work=The Independent |date=2 November 2018 |access-date=2 November 2018 |archive-date=2 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102190515/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/jair-bolsonaro-brazil-embassy-israel-tel-aviv-jerusalem-middle-east-palestine-a8614066.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

At the regional level, Bolsonaro praised Argentine President [[Mauricio Macri]] for ending the 12-year rule of [[Néstor Kirchner|Néstor]] and [[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner]], which he saw as similar to Lula and Rousseff. Although he does not have plans to leave the [[Mercosur]], he criticized it for prioritizing ideological issues over economic ones.<ref>{{cite news|first= Alberto|last= Almendariz|url= https://www.lanacion.com.ar/2180830-bolsonaro-un-saludo-macri-termino-dilma-kirchner|title= Bolsonaro: "Un abrazo a Macri, que terminó con la 'Dilma Kirchner'"|trans-title= Bolsonaro: "A hug for Macri, who ended the 'Dilma-Kirchner'"|language= es|date= 11 October 2018|newspaper= La Nación|access-date= 29 October 2018|archive-date= 30 October 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181030035503/https://www.lanacion.com.ar/2180830-bolsonaro-un-saludo-macri-termino-dilma-kirchner|url-status= live}}</ref> A staunch anti-communist, Bolsonaro has condemned [[Cuba]]'s former leader [[Fidel Castro]] and the current regime in that island.<ref name="churchill"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Brazil's Bolsonaro names Trump fan top diplomat as Cuba relations sour |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-politics/brazils-bolsonaro-names-trump-fan-top-diplomat-as-cuba-relations-sour-idUSKCN1NJ31M |work=Reuters |date=3 December 2018 |access-date=3 December 2018 |archive-date=4 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204005931/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-politics/brazils-bolsonaro-names-trump-fan-top-diplomat-as-cuba-relations-sour-idUSKCN1NJ31M |url-status=live }}</ref>

Bolsonaro praised British Prime Minister [[Winston Churchill]], saying that he had learned from Churchill: "Patriotism, love for your fatherland, respect for your flag – something that has been lost over the last few years here in Brazil{{nbsp}}... and governing through example, especially at that difficult moment of the Second World War."<ref name="churchill">{{cite news |title=Jair Bolsonaro denies he is a fascist and paints himself as a Brazilian Churchill |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/30/jair-bolsonaro-denies-he-is-a-fascist-brazilian-churchill |work=The Guardian |date=30 October 2018 |access-date=31 October 2018 |archive-date=30 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030232222/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/30/jair-bolsonaro-denies-he-is-a-fascist-brazilian-churchill |url-status=live }}</ref> Bolsonaro said he's open to the possibility of hosting a [[United States military deployments|U.S. military base]] in Brazil to counter Russian influence in the region.<ref>{{cite news |title=Brazil military uneasy with Bolsonaro's openness to U.S. base: source |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-usa-base/brazil-military-uneasy-with-bolsonaros-openness-to-u-s-base-source-idUSKCN1OZ0IW |publisher=Reuters |date=5 January 2019 |access-date=17 January 2019 |archive-date=19 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119121406/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-usa-base/brazil-military-uneasy-with-bolsonaros-openness-to-u-s-base-source-idUSKCN1OZ0IW |url-status=live }}</ref> With the intention to persuade Trump to make Brazil a [[NATO]] member in March 2019, Bolsonaro said: "the discussions with the United States will begin in the coming months".<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump says strongly considering NATO membership for Brazil |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-brazil-nato/trump-says-looking-at-nato-membership-for-brazil-idUSKCN1R024O |publisher=Reuters |date=19 March 2019 |access-date=20 March 2019 |archive-date=20 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320191314/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-brazil-nato/trump-says-looking-at-nato-membership-for-brazil-idUSKCN1R024O |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Trump says looking at NATO membership for Brazil|url=https://www.euronews.com/2019/03/19/trump-says-looking-at-nato-membership-for-brazil|publisher=Euronews|date=19 March 2019|access-date=20 March 2019|archive-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320191315/https://www.euronews.com/2019/03/19/trump-says-looking-at-nato-membership-for-brazil|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title='Diplomacia em primeiro lugar, até as últimas consequências', diz Bolsonaro sobre Venezuela|url=https://g1.globo.com/mundo/noticia/2019/03/19/diplomacia-em-primeiro-lugar-ate-as-ultimas-consequencias-diz-bolsonaro-sobre-venezuela.ghtml|website=G1.globo.com|date=19 March 2019|access-date=20 March 2019|archive-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320191314/https://g1.globo.com/mundo/noticia/2019/03/19/diplomacia-em-primeiro-lugar-ate-as-ultimas-consequencias-diz-bolsonaro-sobre-venezuela.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Em almoço fechado, Trump diz querer Brasil como membro pleno da Otan|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mundo/2019/03/em-almoco-fechado-trump-diz-querer-brasil-como-membro-pleno-da-otan.shtml|publisher=Folha de S.Paulo|date=20 March 2019|access-date=20 March 2019|archive-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320191318/https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mundo/2019/03/em-almoco-fechado-trump-diz-querer-brasil-como-membro-pleno-da-otan.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Bolsonaro and Putin in November 2019 (cropped).jpg|right|thumb|Bolsonaro with Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]] in November 2019]]
With formal U.S. support for Brazil's entry to [[OECD]] in May 2019, Bolsonaro said, "currently, all 36 members of the organization support the entry of the country, fruit of confidence in the new Brazil being built, more free, open and fair".<ref>{{cite news|title=Official Twitter of President Jair Bolsonaro|url=https://twitter.com/jairbolsonaro/status/1131634002824245248|publisher=@jairbolsonaro|language=pt|date=23 May 2019|access-date=28 May 2019|archive-date=19 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319082243/https://twitter.com/jairbolsonaro/status/1131634002824245248|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Official Twitter of United States Embassy in Brazil|url=https://twitter.com/EmbaixadaEUA/status/1131526230073851909|publisher=@EmbaixadaEUA|language=pt|date=23 May 2019|access-date=28 May 2019|archive-date=15 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815163809/https://twitter.com/EmbaixadaEUA/status/1131526230073851909|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=USA Officially Supports Brazil's Candidature to The OECD|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/internacional/en/business/2019/05/usa-officially-supports-brazils-candidature-to-the-oecd.shtml|publisher=Folha de S.Paulo|date=24 May 2019|access-date=28 May 2019|archive-date=8 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308151357/https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/internacional/en/business/2019/05/usa-officially-supports-brazils-candidature-to-the-oecd.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> In October 2019, on a state visit to China, he announced the end of the need for visas for Chinese and Indian entry into Brazil. Brazil had already removed the need for visas for people from the U.S., Canada, Japan, and Australia.<ref>{{cite news|title=Brazil says it will no longer require visas from Chinese, Indian citizens|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-visas/brazil-says-it-will-no-longer-require-visas-from-chinese-indian-citizens-idUSKBN1X32AX|publisher=Reuters|date=25 October 2019|access-date=25 October 2019|archive-date=25 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025204021/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-visas/brazil-says-it-will-no-longer-require-visas-from-chinese-indian-citizens-idUSKBN1X32AX|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Lula second presidency, 2023-present===
In May 2022, Lula placed blame for Russia's invasion of Ukraine on Ukrainian president [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]], saying "This guy is as responsible as Putin for the war".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://time.com/6173232/lula-da-silva-transcript/ |title=Lula Talks to TIME About Ukraine, Bolsonaro, and Brazil's Fragile Democracy |date=4 May 2022 |access-date=11 Dec 2023 |archive-date=12 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412133010/https://time.com/6173232/lula-da-silva-transcript/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Lula also repeatedly attacked [[NATO]] and the [[European Union]] as having caused the war.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2023/02/10/biden-lula-meeting-war-in-ukraine-high-on-the-agenda_6015191_4.html |title=Biden-Lula meeting: War in Ukraine high on the agenda |website=[[Le Monde]] |date=10 February 2023 |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=8 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408214417/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2023/02/10/biden-lula-meeting-war-in-ukraine-high-on-the-agenda_6015191_4.html |url-status=live }}</ref> After Germany appealed to Lula to [[List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War|provide military aid to Ukraine]] by selling it arms, Lula refused.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-01-31 |title=Lula Brushes Off Scholz's Appeal for Brazil to Send Arms to Kyiv |language=en |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-31/lula-rejects-weapons-to-ukraine-plan-proposed-by-germany-s-scholz |access-date=2023-04-18 |archive-date=1 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201062845/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-31/lula-rejects-weapons-to-ukraine-plan-proposed-by-germany-s-scholz |url-status=live }}</ref> In December 2023, Lula said that he will invite Vladimir Putin to Brazil.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/brazil-russia-lula-da-silva-vladimir-putin-g20-brics-invitation/|title=Lula invites Putin to Brazil, sidesteps on war crimes arrest|date=4 December 2023|website=POLITICO}}</ref> In February 2024, he was visited by Russian Foreign Minister [[Sergey Lavrov]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Russian foreign minister Lavrov discussed Ukraine with Brazil's Lula, Moscow says |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2024/feb/23/russia-ukraine-war-us-sanctions-vladimir-putin-volodymyr-zelenskiy-alexei-navalny?page=with:block-65d886188f086f23f6db1dac#block-65d886188f086f23f6db1dac |access-date=23 February 2024 |work=The Guardian |date=24 February 2024}}</ref>

In November 2023, Lula met in [[Riyadh]] with the prime minister and crown prince of [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Mohammed bin Salman]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arab.news/mrt7n|title=Saudi Arabia and Brazil detail areas of joint cooperation|date=30 November 2023|website=Arab News}}</ref><ref name="auto18">{{Cite web|url=https://menafn.com/1107523202/Lula-MBS-Want-To-Boost-Bilateral-Trade-To-USD-20-Bn|title=Lula, MBS Want To Boost Bilateral Trade To USD 20 Bn|website=menafn.com}}</ref><ref name="auto17">{{Cite web|url=https://www.agenzianova.com/en/news/brazil-saudi-arabia-lula-meets-bin-salman-focus-on-investments-in-renewable-energy/|title=Brazil-Saudi Arabia: Lula meets bin Salman, focus on investments in renewable energy|first=Redazione Agenzia|last=Nova|date=28 November 2023}}</ref> They discussed strengthening bilateral relations, and investments in both countries.<ref name="auto18"/><ref name="auto17"/> Salman said that a more robust strategic partnership between the two countries would benefit both sides.<ref name="auto18"/> The $10 billion that the [[sovereign wealth fund]] of Saudi Arabia pledged to invest in Brazil was one topic of conversation.<ref name="auto18"/><ref name="auto17"/>  Lula mentioned Brazil's rapprochement with Arab countries.<ref name="auto18"/> Salman also discussed Saudi Arabia's entry into [[BRICS]] in January 2024.<ref name="auto18"/>  Lula invited Salman to visit Brazil in 2024.<ref name="auto18"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/en/politica/noticia/2023-11/lula-highlights-brazilian-investment-green-energy|title=Lula highlights Brazilian investment in green energy|date=29 November 2023|website=Agência Brasil}}</ref><ref name="auto17"/>