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==Early years== [[File:Walking Wounded-Fianna Éireann Scouts engaged in field medical training 1914.jpg|thumb|right|Fianna Scouts engaged in field medical training, c.1914]] In 1913, a Fianna instructional handbook was published and produced by Pádraig Ó Riain with articles being contributed by [[Patrick Pearse]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Pearse |first=Pádraic |chapter=To the Boys of Ireland |title=Political Writings and Speeches |place=Dublin |publisher=Phoenix Publishing Co.|year=1924 |orig-date=1913 |pages=110–116 |others=Hosted online at CELT: The Corpus of Electronic Texts |chapter-url=https://celt.ucc.ie//published/E900007-006/index.html |access-date=31 December 2020 |archive-date=7 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807215918/https://celt.ucc.ie//published/E900007-006/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Roger Casement]],<ref>{{cite book |title=Fianna Handbook |chapter=Chivalry |last=Casement |first=Roger |year=1913 |pages=75ff |chapter-url=http://nuigarchives.blogspot.com/2016/01/pearse-hyde-casement-markievicz-and-na.html |access-date=31 December 2020 |archive-date=25 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925144625/http://nuigarchives.blogspot.com/2016/01/pearse-hyde-casement-markievicz-and-na.html |url-status=live }}</ref> as well as advertisements from suppliers of uniforms and equipment. The timing coincided with the Irish Volunteers being established and the book was widely used by them<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pearse, Hyde, Casement, Markievicz and na Fianna Éireann |url=https://hardimanlibrary.blogspot.com/2016/01/pearse-hyde-casement-markievicz-and-na.html |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=Pearse, Hyde, Casement, Markievicz and na Fianna Éireann}}</ref> Countess Markievicz bought a large rambling house at [[Ranelagh]], Surrey House. It became the unofficial headquarters of the Fianna for some time. The older boys would gather and train here, and a mini firing range was set up in the basement. The boys also had a radio set in operation, which led to a raid by the [[Dublin Metropolitan Police]]. A separate HQ was later set up in 12 D'Olier Street.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rpivtwAACAAJ|title=Fianna Handbook|first=Fianna Eireann Central|last=Council|date=17 September 1914|publisher=Central Council of Na Fianna Eireann, 12 D'Olier Street, Dublin.|via=Google Books}}</ref> The [[Irish Republican Brotherhood]] (IRB) focused on recruiting any members who had reached the age of seventeen, and in 1912, Hobson started an IRB circle within the Fianna named the John Mitchel<ref>{{cite ODNB |title=Mitchel, John |date=2018-02-06 |doi=10.1093/odnb/9780192683120.013.18828 }}</ref> Literary and Debating Society,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mead |first=Philip |date=2021-09-30 |title=Antipodal Ireland and Tasmanian Underworlds: John Mitchel and William Moore Ferrar |journal=Australian Literary Studies |doi=10.20314/als.9685696bb9 |issn=0004-9697|doi-access=free }}</ref> whose members included Colbert, Ó Riain, Heuston, Garry Holohan, [[Desmond Ryan]], [[Liam Mellows]] and [[Barney Mellows]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hay|first1=Marnie|title=The foundation and development of Na Fianna Éireann, 1909–16|journal=Irish Historical Studies|date=May 2008|volume=36|issue=141|page=60|doi=10.1017/S0021121400007483|hdl=2262/39176|s2cid=161198289|url=http://www.tara.tcd.ie/bitstream/handle/2262/39176/ThefoundationanddevelopmentofNaFiannaEireann.pdf?sequence=3|access-date=27 March 2016|archive-date=19 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919002830/http://www.tara.tcd.ie/bitstream/handle/2262/39176/ThefoundationanddevelopmentofNaFiannaEireann.pdf?sequence=3|url-status=live}}</ref>
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