Editing Festival (section)

==History==
[[File:Alexander van Bredael - A Festival in Antwerp.jpg|thumb|A festival at [[Antwerp]], Belgium, in the 17th century]]
Festivals have long been significant in human culture and history and are found in virtually all cultures.{{sfn|Cudny|2016|p=13}}<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/15017471 |title=Time Out of Time: Essays on the Festival |publisher=[[University of New Mexico Press]] |year=1987 |isbn=0-8263-0932-1 |editor-last=Falassi |editor-first=Alessandro |edition= |location= |pages=1 |oclc=15017471 |access-date=August 21, 2022 |archive-date=August 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828130718/https://www.worldcat.org/title/15017471 |url-status=live }}</ref> The importance of festivals, to the present, is found in private and public; secular and religious life.<ref name=":3" /> [[Ancient Greece|Ancient Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] societies relied heavily upon festivals, both communal and administrative.<ref name="Brandt">{{cite book |last= |first= |title=Greek and Roman Festivals: Content, Meaning, and Practice |author2= |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-19-969609-3 |editor-last=Brandt |editor-first=J. Rasmus |edition=1st |location= |pages=1 |editor-last2=Iddeng |editor-first2=Jon W.}}</ref> [[Saturnalia]] was likely influential to Christmas and [[Carnival]].<ref name=":2" /> Celebration of social occasions, religion and nature were common.<ref name=":2" /> Specific festivals have century-long histories and festivals in general have developed over the last few centuries – some traditional festivals in [[Ghana]], for example, predate European [[Colonization|colonisation]] of the 15th century.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Cudny |first=Waldemar |date=2014 |title=The Phenomenon of Festivals: Their Origins, Evolution, and Classifications |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43861801 |journal=Anthropos |volume=109 |issue=2 |pages=640–656 |doi=10.5771/0257-9774-2014-2-640 |jstor=43861801 |issn=0257-9774 |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823120027/https://www.jstor.org/stable/43861801 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Odotei |first=Irene |date=2002 |title=Festivals in Ghana: Continuity, Transformation and Politicisation of Tradition |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41406666 |journal=Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana |issue=6 |pages=17–34 |jstor=41406666 |issn=0855-3246 |access-date=August 24, 2022 |archive-date=August 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824192222/https://www.jstor.org/stable/41406666 |url-status=live }}</ref> Festivals prospered following the Second World War.<ref name=":2" /> Both established in 1947, [[Festival d'Avignon|Avignon Festival]] and the [[Edinburgh Festival Fringe]] have been notable in shaping the modern model of festivals.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bartie |first=Angela |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748670307.001.0001 |title=The Edinburgh Festivals: Culture and Society in Post-war Britain |date=2013 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-0-7486-7030-7 |pages=6 |doi=10.3366/edinburgh/9780748670307.001.0001 |access-date=August 24, 2022 |archive-date=August 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828130716/https://apps.crossref.org/coaccess/coaccess.html?doi=10.3366%2Fedinburgh%2F9780748670307.001.0001 |url-status=live }}</ref> Art festivals became more prominent by the turn of the 21st century.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Quinn |first=Bernadette |date=2005 |title=Arts Festivals and the City |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00420980500107250 |journal=Urban Studies |volume=42 |issue=5–6 |pages=927–943 |doi=10.1080/00420980500107250 |bibcode=2005UrbSt..42..927Q |s2cid=154354884 |issn=0042-0980}}</ref> In modern times, festivals are offered to public as a global tourist prospect although they are commonly [[State ownership|public]] or [[Not-for-Profit|not-for-profit]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Prentice |first1=Richard |last2=Andersen |first2=Vivien |date=2003 |title=Festival as creative destination |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0160738302000348 |journal=Annals of Tourism Research |language=en |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=7–30 |doi=10.1016/S0160-7383(02)00034-8 |access-date=August 21, 2022 |archive-date=June 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623143343/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0160738302000348 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Andersson |first1=Tommy D. |last2=Getz |first2=Donald |date=2008 |title=Stakeholder Management Strategies of Festivals |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/action/showCitFormats?doi=10.1080%2F15470140802323801 |journal=Journal of Convention & Event Tourism |language=en |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=199–220 |doi=10.1080/15470140802323801 |s2cid=154831702 |issn=1547-0148 |access-date=August 28, 2022 |archive-date=August 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827194803/https://www.tandfonline.com/action/showCitFormats?doi=10.1080%2F15470140802323801 |url-status=live }}</ref>