Editing Fernando Collor de Mello (section)

==Presidency (1990–1992) ==
{{Main|Presidency of Collor de Mello}}
[[File:Posse do presidente Fernando Collor de Mello (8429591421).jpg|thumb|left|Collor on Inauguration Day, 15 March 1990]]
[[File:Fernando Collor fala aos ministros e líderes do governo.jpg|thumb|left|Collor during a meeting at the [[Planalto Palace]], 1990]]
In 1989 Collor defeated [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]] in a [[Brazilian presidential election, 1989|controversial two-round presidential race]] with 35 million votes. 
In December 1989, days prior to the second round, businessman [[Abílio Diniz]] was the victim of a sensational political kidnapping. The act was asserted by some to be an attempt to sabotage Lula's chances of victory<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cartamaior.com.br/templates/materiaMostrar.cfm?materia_id=17142|title=Um alerta|first=Marilena|last=Chauí|work=Carta Maior|date=29 October 2010|access-date=31 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706151852/http://www.cartamaior.com.br/templates/materiaMostrar.cfm?materia_id=17142 |archive-date=6 July 2011 }}</ref> by associating the kidnapping with the left wing. At the time, Brazilian law barred any party from addressing the media on the days prior to election day. Lula's party thus had no opportunity to clarify the accusations that the party (PT) was involved in the kidnapping. Collor won in the state of São Paulo against many prominent political figures.{{Dead link|date=October 2010}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cpdoc.fgv.br/dhbb/verbetes_htm/1418_1.asp|title=29 de Setembro de 1992: o impeachment do Collor|trans-title=September 29, 1992: the impeachment of Collor|first=Fernando|last=Lattman-Weltman|publisher=Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil|archive-date=14 August 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070814014806/http://www.cpdoc.fgv.br/nav_fatos_imagens/htm/fatos/Impeachment.asp }}</ref> The first [[president of Brazil]] elected by popular vote in 29 years, Collor spent the early years of his presidency battling [[inflation]], which at times reached rates of 25% a month.

The very day he took office, Collor launched the ''[[Plano Collor]]'' (''Collor Plan''), implemented by his finance minister [[Zélia Cardoso de Mello]] (not related to Collor). The plan attempted to reduce the [[money supply]] by forcibly converting large portions of consumer bank accounts into non-cashable government [[bond (finance)|bonds]], while at the same time increasing the printing of money bills, a counterbalancing measure to combat [[hyper-inflation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sociedadedigital.com.br/artigo.php?artigo=114&item=4|title=A História do Plano Collor|trans-title=The History of the Collor Plan|work=sociedadedigital.com.br|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101128004504/http://sociedadedigital.com.br/artigo.php?artigo=114&item=4|archive-date=28 November 2010}}</ref>

=== Free trade, privatization and state reforms ===
{{Liberalism in Brazil |expanded=Politicians}}
[[File:Fernando Collor no Palácio do Planalto.jpg|thumb|right|Collor speaking at the Planalto presidential palace, 1991]]
[[File:Fernando Collor acena para a população.jpg|thumb|Collor waves to the people|left]]
Under Zélia's tenure as Brazil's Minister of Finances, the country had a period of major changes, featuring what ''[[ISTOÉ]]'' magazine called an "unprecedented revolution"<ref name="istoe">{{cite news|url=http://www.istoedinheiro.com.br/noticias/economia/20061025/zelia-esta-voltando/14858|title=Zélia está voltando|trans-title=Zélia is returning|date=25 October 2006|work=ISTOÉ Dinheiro|access-date=28 July 2017|archive-date=28 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028211129/https://www.istoedinheiro.com.br/noticias/economia/20061025/zelia-esta-voltando/14858|url-status=dead}}</ref> in many levels of public administration: "privatization, opening its market to free trade, encouraging industrial modernization, temporary control of the hyper-inflation and public debt reduction."<ref name="Anuatti-Neto et al 2005">{{cite journal |last1=Anuatti-Neto |first1=Francisco |last2=Barossi-Filho |first2=Milton |last3=Carvalho |first3=Antonio Gledson de |last4=Macedo |first4=Roberto |title=Os efeitos da privatização sobre o desempenho econômico e financeiro das empresas privatizadas |journal=Revista Brasileira de Economia |date=June 2005 |volume=59 |issue=2 |pages=151–175 |doi=10.1590/S0034-71402005000200001 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

In the month before Collor took power, hyperinflation was at 90 percent per month and climbing. All accounts over 50,000 cruzeiros (about US$500 at that time), were frozen for several weeks. He also proposed freezes in wages and prices, as well as major cuts in government spending. The measures were received unenthusiastically by the people, though many felt that radical measures were necessary to kill the hyperinflation. Within a few months, however, inflation resumed, eventually reaching rates of 10 percent a month.

During the course of his government, Collor was accused of condoning an [[influence peddling]] scheme. The accusations weighed on the government and led Collor and his team to an institutional crisis leading to a loss of credibility that reached the finance minister, Zélia.<ref name="istoe"/>

This political crisis had negative consequences on his ability to carry out his policies and reforms.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unopec.com.br/revistaintellectus/_Arquivos/Jan_Jul_04/PDF/Artigo_Rangel.pdf|title=unopec.com.br|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326111734/http://www.unopec.com.br/revistaintellectus/_Arquivos/Jan_Jul_04/PDF/Artigo_Rangel.pdf|archive-date=26 March 2009}}</ref> The ''[[Plano Collor]] I'', under Zélia would be renewed with the implementation of the ''Plano Collor II''; the government's loss of prestige would make that follow-up plan short-lived and largely ineffective.<ref name="Anuatti-Neto et al 2005"/> The failure of Zélia and Plano Collor I led to their substitution by [[Marcílio Marques Moreira]] and his Plano Collor II. Moreira's plan tried to correct some aspects of the first plan, but it was too late. Collor's administration was paralyzed by the fast deterioration of his image, through a succession of corruption accusations.<ref>{{cite web |last=Matos |first=Heloiza |date=September 2001 |title=A Imagem Pública do Empresariado Nacional no Debate Sobre a Privatização Brasileira |trans-title=The Public Image of the National Business Sector in the Brazilian Privatization Debate |publisher=INTERCOM – Sociedade Brasileira de Estudos Interdisciplinares da Comunicação |location=Campo Grande |url=http://www.portal-rp.com.br/bibliotecavirtual/projetosdepesquisa/0153.pdf |url-status=dead |website=www.portal-rp.com.br |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071201034008/http://www.portal-rp.com.br/bibliotecavirtual/projetosdepesquisa/0153.pdf |archive-date=1 December 2007}}</ref>

During the Plano Collor, yearly inflation was at first reduced from 30,000 percent in 1990 (Collor's first year in government) to 400 percent in 1991, but then climbed back up to 1,020 percent in 1992 (when he left office).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/brazilinfl.htm|title=The Hyperinflation in Brazil, 1980–1994|work=sjsu.edu|access-date=28 August 2007|archive-date=3 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190303232238/http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/brazilinfl.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Inflation continued to rise to 2,294 percent in 1994 (two years after he left office).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID+br0009 |title=Archived copy |access-date=7 July 2007 |archive-date=10 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210235149/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID+br0009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Although Zélia acknowledged later that the Plano Collor didn't end inflation, she also stated: "It is also possible to see with clarity that, under very difficult conditions, we promoted the balancing of the [[national debt]] – and that, together with the commercial opening, it created the basis for the implementation of the [[Plano Real]]."<ref name="istoe"/>

Parts of Collor's free trade and [[privatization]] program were followed by his successors:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/portuguese/reporterbbc/story/2006/06/060626_lulafhcpimenta.shtml|last=Pimenta|first=Angela|title=Lula segue política econômica de FHC, diz diretor do FMI|work=BBC Brasil|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|date=27 June 2006|access-date=29 June 2007|archive-date=9 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109215007/http://www.bbc.co.uk/portuguese/reporterbbc/story/2006/06/060626_lulafhcpimenta.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Itamar Franco]] (Collor's [[running mate]]), [[Fernando Henrique Cardoso]] (a member of the Franco cabinet) and [[Lula da Silva]].<ref>[http://209.85.165.104/search?q=cache:tLeC1PlPDSsJ:netx.u-paris10.fr/actuelmarx/cm5/com/MI5_Eco_Novelli.doc A CONTINUIDADE DA POLÍTICA MACROECONÔMICA ENTRE O GOVERNO CARDOSO E O GOVERNO LULA: UMA ABORDAGEM SÓCIO-POLÍTICA]{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Collor's administration privatized 15 different companies (including [[Acesita]]), and began the process of privatizing several others, such as [[Embraer]], [[Telebrás]] and [[Companhia Vale do Rio Doce]].<ref name="Anuatti-Neto et al 2005"/> Some members of Collor's government were also part of the later Cardoso administration in different or similar functions: 
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
*[[Pedro Malan]] 
*[[Renan Calheiros]] (PMDB-AL)
*{{Interlanguage link multi|Antônio Kandir|pt}} (PSDB-SP)
*{{Interlanguage link multi|Pratini de Moraes|pt|3=Marcus Vinícius Pratini de Moraes}}
*[[Celso Lafer]]
*[[Reinhold Stephanes]]
*[[Armínio Fraga]]
*[[Pedro Parente]]
}}

[[Luiz Carlos Bresser-Pereira]], a minister in the previous [[José Sarney|Sarney]] and the following Fernando Henrique Cardoso administrations, stated that "Collor changed the political agenda in the country, because he implemented brave and very necessary reforms, and he pursued [[fiscal adjustment]]s. Although other attempts had been made since 1987, it was during Collor's administration that old [[Statism|statist]] ideas were confronted and combated (...) by a brave agenda of economic reforms geared towards [[free trade]] and [[privatization]]."<ref>Silvando da Silva do Nascimento, Rangel. [http://www.unopec.com.br/revistaintellectus/_Arquivos/Jan_Jul_04/PDF/Artigo_Rangel.pdf A POLÍTICA ECONÔMICA EXTERNA DO GOVERNO COLLOR: LIBERALIZAÇÃO COMERCIAL E FINANCEIRA] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326111734/http://www.unopec.com.br/revistaintellectus/_Arquivos/Jan_Jul_04/PDF/Artigo_Rangel.pdf |date=26 March 2009 }}. Retrieved 30 August 2007.</ref>
According to Philippe Faucher, professor of political science at [[McGill University]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mcgill.ca/cdas/members/faucher/|title=Philippe Faucher|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080115160833/http://www.mcgill.ca/cdas/members/faucher/ |publisher=McGill University |archive-date=15 January 2008 }}</ref> the combination of the political crisis and the hyperinflation continued to reduce Collor's credibility and in that political vacuum an impeachment process took place, precipitated by Pedro Collor's (Fernando Collor's brother) accusations and other social and political sectors which thought they would be harmed by his policies.<ref name="Anuatti-Neto et al 2005"/>

===Awards===
In 1991, [[UNICEF]] chose three health programs: community agents, lay midwives and eradication of measles as the best in the world. These programs were promoted during Collor's administration. Until 1989, the Brazilian [[vaccination]] record, was considered the worst in [[South America]]. During Collor's administration, Brazil's vaccination program won a [[United Nations]] prize, as the best in South America. Collor's project ''Minha Gente'' (''My People'') won the UN award ''Project Model for the Humanity'' in 1993.

===Corruption charges and impeachment===
{{Main article|Impeachment of Fernando Collor de Mello}}
{{Infobox impeachment process
| image          = Fernando Collor deixa a presidência.jpg
| image_size     = 300px
| caption        = Fernando Collor, along with his wife [[Rosane Collor|Rosane Malta]], leaves the [[Palácio do Planalto|Planalto Palace]].
| accused        = Fernando Collor de Mello, [[President of Brazil]]
| proponents     = {{Plainlist|
* Marcello Laveniére {{small|(President of the [[Order of Attorneys of Brazil]])}}
* [[Barbosa Lima Sobrinho]] {{small|(President of the Brazilian Association of Press)}}
}}
| period         = 1 September 1992 – 30 December 1992<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|1992|9|1|1992|12|30}})
| outcome        = Convicted by the [[Brazilian Senate|Federal Senate]], ineligible for 8 years
| accusations    = [[High crimes and misdemeanors]]
| cause          = {{Plainlist|
* "Painted Faces"
* [[Paulo Cesar Farias#Corruption scandal|PC Farias Case]]
}}
| header_votes   = Congressional votes
| vote1          = Voting in the [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]]
| accusation1    = Vote to open impeachment process
| votes_favor1   = 441
| votes_against1 = 38
| present1       = 0
| not_voting1    = 24
| result1        = Approved
| vote2          = Voting in the [[Brazilian Senate|Federal Senate]]
| accusation2    = Vote to suspend Collor from the presidency
| votes_favor2   = 67
| votes_against2 = 3
| not_voting2    = 11
| result2        = Collor suspended from office, [[Itamar Franco]] becomes Acting President
| accusation3    = Vote to resume the impeachment process
| votes_favor3   = 73
| votes_against3 = 8
| result3        = Approved; process resumes, despite Collor's resignation
| accusation4    = Vote to remove political right
| votes_favor4   = 76 "guilty"
| votes_against4 = 3 "not guilty"
| not_voting4    = 2
| result4        = Convicted; Collor loses political right for 8 years
}}

[[File:Manifestantes na Esplanada dos Ministérios pedem o impeachment de Fernando Collor de Mello (4987870444).jpg|thumb|left|Protesters call for Collor's impeachment in front of the [[National Congress of Brazil|National Congress]] in September 1992]]In May 1992, Fernando Collor's brother [[Pedro Collor de Mello|Pedro Collor]] accused him of condoning an [[influence peddling]] scheme run by his campaign treasurer, [[Paulo Cesar Farias]]. The Federal Police and the Federal Prosecution Service opened an investigation. On 1 July 1992, a Joint Parliamentary Commission of Inquiry, composed of senators and members of the Chamber of Deputies, formed in Congress to investigate the accusation and review the evidence uncovered by police and federal prosecutors. Senator {{Interlanguage link multi|Amir Lando|pt}} was chosen as the [[rapporteur]] of the Commission of Inquiry, chaired by Congressman {{Interlanguage link multi|Benito Gama|pt}}. Farias, Pedro Collor, government officials and others were subpoenaed and gave [[deposition (law)|deposition]]s before it. Some weeks later, with the investigation progressing and under fire, Collor asked on national television for the people's support in going out in the street and protesting against "coup" forces. On 11 August 1992, thousands of students organized by the [[National Union of Students (Brazil)|National Union of Students]] (União Nacional dos Estudantes – UNE), protested on the street against Collor. Their faces, often painted in a mixture of the colors of the flag and protest-black, lead to them being called "''Caras-pintadas''" ("''Painted Faces''").<ref>{{cite web |last=Rezende |first=Tatiana Matos |date=30 July 2007 |title=UNE 70 Anos: "Fora Collor: o grito da juventude cara-pintada" |trans-title=UNE 70 Years: "Out with Collor: the cry of the painted-face youth" |url=http://www.une.org.br/home3/movimento_estudantil/movimento_estudantil_2007/m_9920.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070903131454/http://www.une.org.br/home3/movimento_estudantil/movimento_estudantil_2007/m_9920.html |archive-date=3 September 2007 |access-date=9 August 2009 |publisher=National Union of Students |language=pt}}</ref>

On 26 August 1992, the final congressional inquiry was approved 16–5. The report concluded that there was proof that Fernando Collor had had personal expenses paid for by money raised by [[Paulo Cesar Farias]] through his [[influence peddling]] scheme.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=20 ANOS DO IMPEACHMENT DO COLLOR |url=https://www2.camara.leg.br/atividade-legislativa/plenario/discursos/escrevendohistoria/destaque-de-materias/20-anos-do-impeachment |access-date=2024-01-18 |website=THE CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES |archive-date=13 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250213064611/https://www2.camara.leg.br/atividade-legislativa/plenario/discursos/escrevendohistoria/destaque-de-materias/20-anos-do-impeachment |url-status=live }}</ref>

As a result, a petition to the Chamber of Deputies by citizens [[Barbosa Lima Sobrinho]] and Marcelo Lavenère Machado, respectively the then president of the Brazilian Press Association and the then-president of the [[Order of Attorneys of Brazil|Brazilian Bar Association]] formally accused Collor of ''crimes of responsibility'' (the Brazilian equivalent of "high crimes and misdemeanors", such as abuse of power) warranting removal from office per the constitutional and legal norms for [[impeachment]]. In Brazil, a formal petition for impeachment of the president must be submitted by one or more private citizens, not by corporations or public institutions. The formal petition, submitted on 1 September 1992, began impeachment proceedings. The Chamber of Deputies set up a special committee on 3 September 1992 to study the impeachment petition. On 24 September 1992, the committee voted (32 votes in favour, one vote against, one abstention) to approve the impeachment petition and recommend that the full [[Chamber of Deputies]] accept the charges of impeachment. Under the [[Constitution of Brazil]], the impeachment process required two thirds of the Chamber of Deputies to vote to allow the charges of impeachment to be escalated to the Senate. On 29 September 1992, Collor was impeached by the Chamber of Deputies, with more than two thirds of its members concurring. In the decisive roll call vote, 441 deputies voted for and 38 deputies voted against the admission of the charges of impeachment.<ref>Lattman-Weltman, Fernando. [http://www.cpdoc.fgv.br/nav_fatos_imagens/htm/fatos/Impeachment.asp September 29, 1992: Collor's Impeachment] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070814014806/http://www.cpdoc.fgv.br/nav_fatos_imagens/htm/fatos/Impeachment.asp |date=14 August 2007 }}{{in lang|pt}} Fundação Getúlio Vargas. Retrieved 17 August 2007.</ref><ref name=":0" />

[[File:Fernandocollor2006.jpg|thumb|Collor campaigning for [[Brazilian Senate|Senate]] in [[Maceió]], 2006]]
On 30 September 1992, the accusation was formally sent from the Chamber of Deputies to the Senate, and proceedings for impeachment began in the upper house. The Senate formed a committee to examine the case file and determine whether all legal formalities had been followed. The Committee issued its report, recognizing that the charges of impeachment had been presented in accordance with the Constitution and the laws, and proposed that the Senate organize itself into a court of impeachment to conduct the trial of the president. On 1 October 1992, this report was presented on the floor of the Senate, and the full Senate voted to accept it and to proceed. That day the then-president of the Federal Supreme Court, Justice {{ILL|Sydney Sanches|pt}}, was notified of the opening of the trial process in the Senate, and began to preside over the process. On 2 October 1992, Collor received a formal summons from the Brazilian Senate notifying him that the Senate had accepted the report, and that he was now a defendant in an impeachment trial. Per the [[Constitution of Brazil]], upon receipt of that writ of summons, Collor's presidential powers were suspended for 180 days, and vice president [[Itamar Franco]] became acting president. The Senate also sent an official communication to the office of the vice-president to formally acquaint him of the suspension of the president, and to give him notice that he was now the acting president.<ref name=":0" />

By the end of December, it was obvious that Collor would be convicted and removed from office by the Senate. In hopes of staving this off, Collor resigned on 29 December 1992 on the last day of the proceedings. Collor's resignation letter was read by his attorney in the floor of the Senate, and the impeachment trial was adjourned so that the Congress could meet in joint session, first to take formal notice of the resignation and proclaim the office of president vacant, and then to swear in Franco.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=cnn /><ref name=uol />

However, after the inauguration of Franco, the Senate resumed sitting as a court of impeachment with the president of the Supreme Court presiding. Collor's attorneys argued that with Collor's resignation, the impeachment trial could not proceed and should close without ruling on the merits. The attorneys arguing for Collor's removal, however, argued that the trial should continue, to determine whether or not the defendant should face the constitutional penalty of suspension of political rights for eight years. The Senate voted to continue the trial. It ruled that, although the possible penalty of removal from office had been rendered moot, the determination of the former president's guilt or innocence was still relevant because a conviction on charges of impeachment would carry with it a disqualification from holding public office for eight years. The Senate found that, since the trial had already begun, the defendant could not use his right to resign the presidency as a means to avoid a ruling.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=cnn>{{Cite web |last=Schoroeder |first=Lucas |date=2023-06-30 |title=Collor renunciou para escapar da inelegibilidade em 1992, mas não conseguiu; entenda |url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/politica/collor-renunciou-para-escapar-da-inelegibilidade-em-1992-mas-nao-conseguiu-entenda/ |access-date=2024-01-18 |website=CNN |archive-date=15 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715143624/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/politica/collor-renunciou-para-escapar-da-inelegibilidade-em-1992-mas-nao-conseguiu-entenda/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=uol>{{Cite web |last=Madeiro |first=Carlos |date=2016-04-19 |title=Em 1992, Senado recebeu denúncia e afastou ex-presidente Collor em 2 dias |url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2016/04/19/em-1992-senado-recebeu-denuncia-e-afastou-ex-presidente-collor-em-2-dias.htm |access-date=2024-01-18 |website=UOL |archive-date=18 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118171009/https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2016/04/19/em-1992-senado-recebeu-denuncia-e-afastou-ex-presidente-collor-em-2-dias.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:FHC, Collor e Sarney.jpg|thumb|left|The former presidents Fernando Collor (center), [[Fernando Henrique Cardoso]] (left), and [[José Sarney]] (right), 2008]]
Later, in the early hours of 30 December 1992, by the required two-thirds majority, the Senate found the former president guilty of the charges of impeachment. Of the 81 members of the Senate, 79 took part in the final vote: 76 senators voted to convict the former president, and 3 voted to acquit. The penalty of removal from office was not imposed as Collor had already resigned, but as a result of his conviction the Senate barred Collor from holding public office for eight years. After the vote, the Senate issued a formal written opinion summarizing the conclusions and orders resulting from the judgement, as required by [[Law of Brazil|Brazilian law]]. The Senate's formal written sentence on the impeachment trial, containing its conviction of the former president and disqualification from public office for eight years, signed by the president of the Supreme Court and by the senators on 30 December 1992, was published in the ''Diário Oficial da União'' (the Brazilian Federal Government's [[Government gazette|official journal]]) on 31 December 1992.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=cnn /><ref name=uol />

In 1993, Collor challenged before the [[Supreme Federal Court|Brazilian Supreme Court]] the Senate's decision to continue the trial after his resignation but the Supreme Court ruled the Senate's action valid.

In 1994, the Supreme Court tried the ordinary criminal charges stemming from the Farias corruption affair; the ordinary criminal accusation was presented by the Brazilian federal prosecution service (''Ministério Público Federal''). The Supreme Court had original jurisdiction under the Brazilian Constitution because Collor was one of the defendants and the charges mentioned crimes committed by a president while in office. If found guilty of the charges, the former president would face a jail sentence.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |date=1 October 2006 |title=Fernando Collor é eleito senador por Alagoas |trans-title=Fernando Collor is elected senator for Alagoas |url=http://oglobo.globo.com/pais/eleicoes2006/mat/2006/10/01/285924531.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111224232922/http://oglobo.globo.com/pais/eleicoes2006/mat/2006/10/01/285924531.asp |archive-date=24 December 2011 |access-date=18 August 2007 |work=O Globo |publisher=Grupo Globo |language=pt}}</ref> However, Collor was found not guilty. The Federal Supreme Court threw out the corruption charges against him on a [[technicality]],<ref name="autogenerated1" /> citing a lack of evidence linking Collor to Farias' influence-peddling scheme. A key piece of evidence, Paulo César Farias' personal computer, was ruled inadmissible as it had been obtained during an illegal police search conducted without a [[search warrant]].<ref>{{cite web |date=18 April 2006 |title=Como foi a ação contra Collor |trans-title=How was the action against Collor? |url=http://www.senado.gov.br/sf/noticia/senamidia/principaisJornais/verNoticia1.asp?ud=20060418&datNoticia=20060418&codNoticia=183629&nomeOrgao=&nomeJornal=O+Globo&codOrgao=2729 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071119014848/http://www.senado.gov.br/sf/noticia/senamidia/principaisJornais/verNoticia1.asp?ud=20060418&datNoticia=20060418&codNoticia=183629&nomeOrgao=&nomeJornal=O+Globo&codOrgao=2729 |archive-date=19 November 2007 |work=O Globo |publisher=Grupo Globo |language=pt |via=Senado Federal}}</ref> Other pieces of evidence that were only gathered because of the information first extracted from files stored in Farias' computer were also voided, as the Collor defense successfully invoked the ''[[fruit of the poisonous tree]]'' doctrine before the Brazilian Supreme Court. Evidence that was only obtained because of the illegally obtained information was also struck from the record.

After his acquittal in the criminal trial, Collor again attempted to void the suspension of his political rights imposed by the Senate, without success, as the Supreme Court ruled that the judicial trial of the ordinary criminal charges and the political trial of the charges of impeachment were independent spheres. Collor thus only regained his political rights in 2000, after the expiration of the eight-year disqualification imposed by the Brazilian Senate.<ref>[https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2025/04/25/relembre-como-foi-o-processo-de-impeachment-de-fernando-collor-ex-presidente-foi-preso-nesta-sexta.ghtml]</ref>

===Collor's version of the impeachment===
For several years after his removal from office, Collor maintained a website which has since been taken offline. In discussing the events surrounding the corruption charges, the former website stated: "After two and half years of the most intense investigation in Brazilian history, the Supreme Court of Brazil declared him innocent of all charges. Today he is the only politician in Brazil to have an officially clear record validated by an investigation by all interests and sectors of the opposition government. Furthermore, President Fernando Collor signed the initial document authorizing the investigation."<ref>[http://www.collor.com/didyouknow.asp Did You Know?] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221170156/http://www.collor.com/didyouknow.asp |date=21 December 2007 }}</ref>