Editing Fentanyl (section)

=== Anesthesia ===
Intravenous fentanyl is often used for [[anesthesia]] and as an [[analgesic]].<ref>{{cite book |vauthors = Brunton LL, Hilal-Dandan R, Knollmann BC |date=5 December 2017 |title=Goodman & Gilman's: The pharmacological basis of therapeutics |isbn=978-1-259-58473-2 |edition=13th |location=New York | publisher = McGraw-Hill Education |oclc=993810322}}</ref> To induce anesthesia, it is given with a [[sedative-hypnotic]], like [[propofol]] or [[thiopental]].<ref name="Gropper_2019">{{cite book |vauthors = Gropper MA, Miller RD, Eriksson LI, Fleisher LA, Wiener-Kronish JP, Cohen LH, Leslie K |date=7 October 2019 |title=Miller's Anesthesia |edition=9th |location=Philadelphia| publisher = Elsevier |isbn=978-0-323-61264-7 |oclc=1124935549}}</ref> To maintain anesthesia, inhaled anesthetics and additional fentanyl may be used.<ref name="Gropper_2019" /> These are often given in 15–30{{nbsp}}minute intervals throughout procedures such as [[endoscopy]] and [[surgeries]] and in emergency rooms.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Godwin SA, Burton JH, Gerardo CJ, Hatten BW, Mace SE, Silvers SM, Fesmire FM | title = Clinical policy: procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department | journal = Annals of Emergency Medicine | volume = 63 | issue = 2 | pages = 247–58.e18 | date = February 2014 | pmid = 24438649 | doi = 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2013.10.015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Smith HS, Colson J, Sehgal N | title = An update of evaluation of intravenous sedation on diagnostic spinal injection procedures | journal = Pain Physician | volume = 16 | issue = 2 Suppl | pages = SE217–SE228 | date = April 2013 | pmid = 23615892 | doi = 10.36076/ppj.2013/16/SE217 | url = http://www.painphysicianjournal.com/current/pdf?article=MTg4MQ%3D%3D&journal=74 | url-status = live | access-date = 1 May 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151019192759/http://www.painphysicianjournal.com/current/pdf?article=MTg4MQ%3D%3D&journal=74 | archive-date = 19 October 2015 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>

For pain relief after surgery, use can decrease the amount of inhalational anesthetic needed for emergence from anesthesia.<ref name="Gropper_2019"/> Balancing this medication and titrating the drug based on expected stimuli and the person's responses can result in stable blood pressure and heart rate throughout a procedure and a faster emergence from anesthesia with minimal pain.<ref name="Gropper_2019"/>