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== History == The origin of the divergence of the term "extreme sports" from "sports" may date to the 1950s in the appearance of a phrase usually, but wrongly, attributed to [[Ernest Hemingway]].<ref name="Ernest Hemingway FAQ part 5">{{cite web|url=http://www.timelesshemingway.com/content/quotationsfaq#threesports |title=Ernest Hemingway FAQ part 5 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203013838/http://www.timelesshemingway.com/content/quotationsfaq |archive-date=February 3, 2012 }}</ref> The phrase is; <blockquote>There are only three sports: bullfighting, motor racing, and mountaineering; all the rest are merely games.</blockquote> The implication of the phrase was that the word "sport" defined an activity in which one might be killed, other activities being termed "games." The phrase may have been invented by either writer [[Barnaby Conrad]] or automotive author [[Ken Purdy]].<ref name="Ernest Hemingway FAQ part 5"/>[[File:Hanggliding03042006.JPG|thumb|right|[[Hang glider]] launching from [[Mount Tamalpais]]]]The [[Dangerous Sports Club]] of [[Oxford University]], [[England]] was founded by David Kirke, Chris Baker, Ed Hulton and [[Alan Weston]]. They first came to wide public attention by inventing modern day [[bungee jumping]], by making the first modern jumps on 1 April 1979, from the [[Clifton Suspension Bridge]], [[Bristol, England]]. They followed the Clifton Bridge effort with a jump from the [[Golden Gate Bridge]] in [[San Francisco, California]] (including the first female bungee jump by Jane Wilmot), and with a televised leap from the [[Royal Gorge]] Suspension Bridge in [[Colorado]], sponsored by and televised on the popular [[United States|American]] television program ''[[That's Incredible!]]'' [[Bungee jumping]] was treated as a novelty for a few years, then became a craze for young people, and is now an established industry for thrill seekers. The club also pioneered a surrealist form of skiing, holding three events at [[St. Moritz]], [[Switzerland]], in which competitors were required to devise a sculpture mounted on skis and ride it down a mountain. The event reached its limits when the Club arrived in St. Moritz with a London [[double-decker bus]], wanting to send it down the ski slopes, and the Swiss resort managers refused. Other Club activities included expedition [[hang gliding]] from active [[volcano]]es; the launching of giant (20 m) plastic spheres with pilots suspended in the centre ([[zorbing]]); [[microlight]] flying; and [[BASE jumping]] (in the early days of this sport). In recent decades the term ''extreme sport'' was further promoted after the [[Extreme Sports Channel]], Extremesportscompany.com launched and then the X Games, a multi-sport event was created and developed by [[ESPN]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1B1-364109.html |title=extreme sports |year=2007 |publisher=[[Britannica Concise Encyclopedia]] |access-date=2008-06-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081023120444/http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1B1-364109.html |archive-date=2008-10-23 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-15836448.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910071726/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-15836448.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2016-09-10 |title=Generation Ex β the Extreme Games, a competition for people with exceptional athletic talents |year=1994 |author=Josh Krulewitz |work=American Fitness |url-access=|access-date=2008-06-20}}</ref> The first X Games (known as 1995 Extreme Games) were held in [[Newport, Rhode Island|Newport]], [[Providence, Rhode Island|Providence]], [[Mount Snow]], and [[Vermont]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761589555/Extreme_Sports.html |publisher=Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia |title=Extreme Sports β Encarta |year=2008 |access-date=2008-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028055705/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761589555/Extreme_Sports.html |archive-date=2009-10-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="AboutXGames">{{cite web|url=http://expn.go.com/intl/s/about.html |title=About International X Games |year=2002 |publisher=ESPN Internet Ventures |access-date=2008-06-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080829202819/http://expn.go.com/intl/s/about.html |archive-date=2008-08-29 }}</ref> Certain extreme sports clearly trace back to other extreme sports, or combinations thereof. For example, [[windsurfing]] was conceived as a result of efforts to equip a [[surfing|surfboard]] with a [[Sailing|sailing boat's]] propulsion system (mast and sail). [[Kitesurfing]] on the other hand was conceived by combining the propulsion system of [[kite buggying]] (a [[parafoil]]) with the bi-directional boards used for [[wakeboarding]]. [[Wakeboarding]] is in turn derived from [[snowboarding]] and [[waterskiing]].
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