Editing Exile (section)

==For individuals==
===Exiled heads of state===
{{main|List of heads of state and government who have been in exile}}
In some cases the [[List of deposed politicians|deposed]] [[head of state]] is allowed to go into exile following a [[Coup d'état|coup]] or other change of government, allowing a more peaceful transition to take place or to escape justice.<ref>{{cite news|last=Geoghegan |first=Tom |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-13052996 |title=BBC News – What happens to deposed leaders? |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=2011-04-14 |access-date=2014-05-12|work=BBC News }}</ref>

===Avoiding tax or legal matters===
{{main|Tax exile|Fugitive}}
A wealthy citizen who moves to a jurisdiction with lower taxes is termed a ''tax exile''. Creative people such as authors and musicians who achieve sudden wealth sometimes choose this. Examples include the British-Canadian writer [[Arthur Hailey]], who moved to the Bahamas to avoid taxes following the runaway success of his novels ''Hotel'' and ''Airport'',<ref>Stevie Cameron, ''Blue Trust: The Author, The Lawyer, His Wife, And Her Money,'' 1998</ref> and the English rock band the [[Rolling Stones]] who, in the spring of 1971, owed more in taxes than they could pay and left Britain before the government could seize their assets. Members of the band all moved to France for a period of time where they recorded music for the album that came to be called ''Exile on Main Street'', the Main Street of the title referring to the French Riviera.<ref>Robert Greenfield, ''Exile on Main Street: A Season in Hell with the Rolling Stones,'' 2008.</ref> In 2012, [[Eduardo Saverin]], one of the founders of Facebook, made headlines by renouncing his U.S. citizenship before his company's [[Initial public offering|IPO]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Kucera|first=Danielle|title=Facebook Co-Founder Saverin Gives Up U.S. Citizenship Before IPO|newspaper=Bloomberg |date=11 May 2012 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-05-11/facebook-co-founder-saverin-gives-up-u-s-citizenship-before-ipo.html|publisher=Bloomberg News|access-date=2 November 2012}}</ref> The dual Brazilian/U.S. citizen's decision to move to Singapore and renounce his citizenship spurred a bill in the U.S. Senate, the [[Ex-PATRIOT Act]], which would have forced such wealthy ''tax exiles'' to pay a special tax in order to re-enter the United States.<ref>{{cite news|last=Drawbaugh|first=Kevin|title=Facebook's Saverin fires back at tax-dodge critics|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-facebook-taxes-idUSBRE84G11A20120517|access-date=2 November 2012|newspaper=Reuters|date=May 17, 2012}}</ref>

In some cases a person voluntarily lives in exile to avoid legal issues, such as [[litigation]] or [[criminal prosecution]]. An example of this is [[Asil Nadir]], who fled to the [[Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus]] for 17 years rather than face [[prosecution]] in connection with the failed £1.7 bn company [[Polly Peck]] in the [[United Kingdom]].

===Avoiding violence or persecution, or in the aftermath of war===
Examples include:
* [[Iraq]]i academics asked to return home "from exile" to help rebuild Iraq in 2009<ref>{{cite journal |url= http://chronicle.com/article/Iraq-Appeals-Anew-to-Exiled/47791 |title=Iraq Appeals Anew to Exiled Academics to Return Home|first=Andrew |last=Mills |journal=The Chronicle of Higher Education |date=2009-06-23|access-date=2011-04-17}}</ref>
* People undertaking a religious or [[civil liberties]] role in society may be forced into exile due to threat of persecution. For example, in Czechoslovakia, [[nun]]s were internally exiled to small villages along the northern border that had been stripped of their original German populations (such as [[Bílá Voda]]) following the [[Communism|Communist]] [[1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état|coup d'état of 1948]].<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-01-20-mn-233-story.html |title=For Exiled Nuns, It's Too Late : Banished by the Communist regime, Czechoslovakia's sisters of Bila Voda were symbols of persecution. Now most are too old or weak to benefit from the revolution |first=Dan |last=Fisher |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=1990-01-20 |access-date=2011-04-17}}</ref>
* [[Thibaw Min]] and [[Supayalat]] were exiled to [[India]] after [[Third Anglo-Burmese War]], named [[Pataw Mu]].

===Euphemism for convict===
Exile, government man and assigned servant were all [[euphemism]]s used in the 19th century for [[Convicts in Australia|convicts under sentence]] who had been [[Penal transportation|transported]] from Britain to [[Australia]].<ref>Morris, Edward E., (1898, reprinted 1973), ''A dictionary of Austral English'', Sydney, Sydney University Press, pp. 140, 166. {{ISBN|0424063905}}</ref>