Editing Eugene, Oregon (section)

===Indigenous history===

The first people to settle in the Eugene area were the [[Kalapuya]]ns, also written Calapooia or Calapooya. They made "seasonal rounds," moving around the countryside to collect and preserve local foods, including acorns, the bulbs of the [[Sagittaria latifolia|wapato]] and [[Camassia|camas]] plants, and berries. They stored these foods in their permanent winter village. When crop activities waned, they returned to their winter villages and took up hunting, fishing, and trading.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ndnhistoryresearch.wordpress.com/2016/11/08/kalapuyans-seasonal-lifeways-tek-anthropolocene/ |title=Kalapuyans: Seasonal Lifeways, Tek, Anthropocene |date=November 8, 2016 |website=NDN History Research: Critical and Indigenous Anthropology |last1=Lewis, Ph.D |first1=David G. |access-date=December 28, 2016 |archive-date=April 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405172459/https://ndnhistoryresearch.wordpress.com/2016/11/08/kalapuyans-seasonal-lifeways-tek-anthropolocene/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The First Oregonians |date=2007 |publisher=Oregon Council for the Humanities |isbn=9781880377024 |edition=2nd |location=Portland, Oregon |pages=307–315 |last1=Berg |first1=Laura}}</ref> They were known as the Chifin Kalapuyans and called the Eugene area where they lived "Chifin", sometimes recorded as "Chafin" or "Chiffin".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ndnhistoryresearch.wordpress.com/2016/05/23/chafin-band-reservation-and-village-1855/ |title=Chafin Band Reservation and Village 1855 |date=May 23, 2016 |website=NDN History Research: Critical and Indigenous Anthropology |last1=Lewis, Ph.D. |first1=David G. |access-date=December 28, 2016 |archive-date=April 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405172422/https://ndnhistoryresearch.wordpress.com/2016/05/23/chafin-band-reservation-and-village-1855/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.springfield.k12.or.us/Page/738 |title=Chifin Native Youth Center |website=Springfield Public Schools |publisher=Springfield, Oregon, Public Schools |access-date=December 28, 2016 |archive-date=August 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825073907/https://www.springfield.k12.or.us/Page/738 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Other Kalapuyan tribes occupied villages that are also now within Eugene city limits. Pee-you or Mohawk Calapooians, Winefelly or Pleasant Hill Calapooians, and the Lungtum or Long Tom. They were close-neighbors to the Chifin, intermarried, and were political allies. Some authorities suggest the Brownsville Kalapuyans (Calapooia Kalapuyans) were related to the Pee-you. It is likely that since the Santiam had an alliance with the Brownsville Kalapuyans that the Santiam influence also went as far at Eugene.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ndnhistoryresearch.wordpress.com/2014/12/08/chifin-kalapuya-village/ |title=Chifin Kalapuya Village |last=Lewis, Ph.D. |first=David G. |date=December 8, 2014 |website=NDN History Research: Critical and Indigenous Anthropology |access-date=March 8, 2017 |archive-date=April 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405172505/https://ndnhistoryresearch.wordpress.com/2014/12/08/chifin-kalapuya-village/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

According to archeological evidence, the ancestors of the Kalapuyans may have been in Eugene for as long as 10,000 years.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Kalapuyans: A Sourcebook on the Indians of the Willamette Valley |last=Mackey, Ph.D. |first=Harold |publisher=Mission Mill Museum Association, Inc.and the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde |year=2004 |isbn=9780975348406 |location=Salem, Oregon, and Grand Ronde, Oregon |pages=1–2}}</ref> In the 1800s their traditional way of life faced significant changes due to devastating epidemics and settlement, first by French fur traders and later by an overwhelming number of American settlers.<ref>{{Cite book |title=At the Hearth of Crossed Races: A French Indian Community in Nineteenth-Century Oregon, 1812-1859 |last=Jette |first=Melinda Marie |publisher=Oregon State University Press |year=2015 |isbn=9780870715976 |location=Corvallis, Oregon}}</ref>