Editing Eris (mythology) (section)

==Family==
In [[Homer]]'s ''[[Iliad]]'', Eris is called (allegorically?) the "sister" of [[Ares]].<ref>Brown, [https://oxfordre-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/classics/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.001.0001/acrefore-9780199381135-e-2491 s.v. Eris]; Grimal, s.v. Eris; [[Homer]], ''[[Iliad]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/homer-iliad/1924/pb_LCL170.197.xml 4.440&ndash;441]. Gantz, p. 9 cites this ''Iliad'' passage as an example of Eris being "just a personification of her name", while Nünlist, [https://referenceworks-brill-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/display/entries/NPOE/e401590.xml s.v. Eris], calls Eris being a sister of Ares, or a daughter of Nyx, "allegorical genealogy".</ref>
However, according to [[Hesiod]]'s ''[[Theogony]]'', Eris is the daughter of [[Nyx]] (Night), being among the many children Nyx produced without a partner. These siblings of Eris include personifications&mdash;like Eris&mdash;of several "loathsome" (''στυγερός'') things, such as [[Moros]] ("Doom"), [[Thanatos]] ("Death"), the [[Moirai]] ("Fates"), [[Nemesis]] ("Indignation"), [[Apate]] ("Deceit"), and [[Geras]] ("Old Age").<ref>Gantz, pp. 4&ndash;5; [[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.21.xml 223&ndash;225].</ref>

Like her mother Nyx, Hesiod has Eris as the mother&mdash;with no father mentioned&mdash;of many children (the only child of Nyx with offspring) who are also personifications representing various misfortunes and harmful things which, in Eris' case, might be thought to result from discord and strife.<ref>Hard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA30 pp. 30&ndash;31]; Gantz, p. 5;  [[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.21.xml 226&ndash;232].</ref> All of Eris' children are little more than allegorizations of the meanings of their names, with virtually no other identity.<ref>Gantz, p. 10, which notes the possible exception of Ate.</ref> The following table lists the children of Eris, as given by Hesiod:<ref>[[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.21.xml 226&ndash;232].</ref>

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:left"
|+ class="nowrap" | Children
|-
! rowspan=2 | Name
! colspan=2 | [[Ancient Greek]]
! rowspan=2 | Common translations
! rowspan=2 | Remarks
|-
! prop. n.
! com. n. sg.
|-
| [[Ponos]] || Πόνος || πόνος<ref>''[[LSJ]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=po/nos s.v. πόνος].</ref> || Toil,<ref>Most 2018a, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.21.xml p. 21]; Hard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA31 p. 31]</ref> Labor,<ref>Gantz, p. 10.</ref> Hardship<ref>Caldwell, p. 40 on 212–232. In ancient Greek the word ''ponos'' which meant 'hard work' could also mean 'hardship, 'suffering', 'distress' or 'trouble', see ''[[The Cambridge Greek Lexicon]]'', s.v. πόνος 1, 3; compare [[LSJ]], [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dpo%2Fnos s.v. πόνος]. For the ancient Greeks' negative associations regarding ''ponos'', see Millett, [https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.3547 s.v. labour]; Cartledge, [https://oxfordre-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/classics/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.001.0001/acrefore-9780199381135-e-3281 s.v. industry, Greek and Roman].</ref> || Called by Hesiod "painful Ponos" (''Πόνον ἀλγινόεντα'').<ref>[[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.21.xml 226].</ref>  [[Cicero]] has the equivalent personification of the Latin word ''labor'' as the offspring of [[Erebus]] and [[Nyx|Night]] (''Erebo et Nocte'').<ref>Thurmann, [https://referenceworks-brill-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/display/entries/NPOE/e1004050.xml?rskey=lKIc2u&result=1 s.v. Ponos]; [[Cicero]], ''[[De Natura Deorum]]'' [https://archive.org/details/denaturadeorumac00ciceuoft/page/328/mode/2up?view=theater 3.44].</ref> 
|-
| [[Lethe (daughter of Eris)|Lethe]] || Λήθη || λήθη<ref>''[[LSJ]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=lh/qh s.v. λήθη].</ref> || Forgetfulness,<ref>Most 2018a, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.21.xml p. 21]; Gantz, p. 10; Caldwell, p. 40 on 212–232.</ref> Oblivion<ref>Hard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA31 p. 31].</ref> || Associated with [[Lethe]], the river of oblivion in the [[Underworld]].
|-
| [[Limos]] || Λιμός ||λιμός<ref>''[[LSJ]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dlimo%2Fs s.v. λιμός].</ref> || Famine,<ref>Hard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA31 p. 31]; Gantz, p. 10.</ref> Hunger,<ref>Most 2018a, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.21.xml p. 21].</ref> Starvation<ref>Caldwell, p. 40 on 212–232.</ref> || Of uncertain sex; held in special regard at [[Sparta]]; the equivalent of the Roman [[Fames]].
|-
| Algea || Ἄλγεα (pl.) ||ἄλγος<ref>''[[LSJ]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=a)/lgos s.v. ἄλγος].</ref>|| Pains,<ref>Most 2018a, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.21.xml p. 21]; Gantz, p. 10; Caldwell, p. 40 on 212–232.</ref> Sorrows<ref>Hard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA31 p. 31].</ref> || Called by Hesiod the "tearful Algae" (''Ἄλγεα δακρυόεντα'').<ref>[[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.21.xml 227].</ref> Not notably personified elsewhere.
|-
| [[Hysminai]] || Ὑσμῖναι (pl.) ||ὑσμίνη<ref>''[[LSJ]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Du(smi%2Fnh s.v. ὑσμίνη].</ref> || Combats,<ref>Most 2018a, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.21.xml p. 21]; Gantz, p. 10.</ref> Fights,<ref>Hard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA31 p. 31].</ref> Battles<ref>Caldwell, p. 40 on 212–232.</ref> || The ''[[Posthomerica]]'' of [[Quintus Smyrnaeus]] has an image of the Hysminai decorating [[Achilles]]'s shield.<ref>[[Quintus Smyrnaeus]], ''[[Posthomerica]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/quintus_smyrnaeus-fall_troy/2018/pb_LCL019.245.xml 5.36].</ref>
|-
| [[Machai]] || Μάχαi (pl.) || μάχη<ref>''[[LSJ]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aalphabetic+letter%3D*m%3Aentry+group%3D19%3Aentry%3Dma%2Fxh s.v. μάχη].</ref> || Battles,<ref>Most 2018a, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.21.xml p. 21]; Gantz, p. 10; Hard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA31 p. 31].</ref> Wars<ref>Caldwell, p. 40 on 212–232.</ref> || Not notably personified elsewhere
|-
| [[Phonoi]] || Φόνοι (pl.) ||φόνος<ref>''[[LSJ]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Du(smi%2Fnh s.v. φόνος].</ref> || Murders,<ref>Most 2018a, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.21.xml p. 21]; Hard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA31 p. 31]; Caldwell, [https://archive.org/details/hesiodstheogony00hesi/page/42/mode/2up?view=theater p. 42 on 212–232].</ref> Slaughterings<ref>Gantz, p. 10.</ref> || The ''[[Shield of Heracles]]'', has an image of Phonos (singular) decorating Heracle's shield.<ref>[[Hesiod]], ''[[Shield of Heracles]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-shield/2018/pb_LCL503.15.xml 155].</ref>
|-
| [[Androktasiai]] || Ἀνδροκτασίαι (pl.) || ἀνδροκτασία<ref>''[[LSJ]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Da)ndroktasi%2Fa s.v. ἀνδροκτασία].</ref> || Manslaughters,<ref>Caldwell, [https://archive.org/details/hesiodstheogony00hesi/page/42/mode/2up?view=theater p. 42 on 212–232]</ref> Manslayings,<ref>Hard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA31 p. 31].</ref> Slayings of Men<ref>Gantz, p. 10</ref> || The ''[[Shield of Heracles]]'', has an image of Androktasia (singular) decorating Heracle's shield.<ref>[[Hesiod]], ''[[Shield of Heracles]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-shield/2018/pb_LCL503.15.xml 155].</ref>
|-
| Neikea || Νείκεά (pl.) || νεῖκος<ref>''[[LSJ]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=nei%3Dkos&la=greek&can=nei%3Dkos0#lexicon s.v. νεῖκος].</ref> || Quarrels || Not notably personified elsewhere.
|-
| Pseudea || Ψεύδεά (pl.) || ψεῦδος<ref>''[[LSJ]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=yeu=dos s.v. ψεῦδος].</ref> || Lies,<ref>Most 2018a, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.21.xml p. 21]; Hard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA31 p. 31]; Caldwell, [https://archive.org/details/hesiodstheogony00hesi/page/42/mode/2up?view=theater p. 42 on 212–232].</ref> Falsehoods<ref>Gantz, p. 10.</ref> || Not notably personified elsewhere.
|-
| Logoi || Λόγοi (pl.) || λόγος<ref>''[[LSJ]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=lo%2Fgos&la=greek&can=lo%2Fgos0#lexicon s.v. λόγος].</ref> || Tales,<ref>Most 2018a, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.21.xml p. 21].</ref> Stories,<ref>Caldwell, [https://archive.org/details/hesiodstheogony00hesi/page/42/mode/2up?view=theater p. 42 on 212–232].</ref> Words<ref>Gantz, p. 10.</ref> || Not notably personified elsewhere.
|-
| Amphillogiai || Ἀμφιλλογίαι (pl.) || ἀμφιλογία<ref>''[[LSJ]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=a%29mfilogi%2Fa&la=greek&can=a%29mfilogi%2Fa0&prior=a)mfiloge/omai#lexicon s.v. ἀμφιλογία].</ref> || Disputes,<ref>Most 2018a, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.21.xml p. 21]; Caldwell, [https://archive.org/details/hesiodstheogony00hesi/page/42/mode/2up?view=theater p. 42 on 212–232].</ref>  Unclear Words<ref>Gantz, p. 10.</ref> || Not notably personified elsewhere.
|-
| [[Dysnomia (mythology)|Dysnomia]] || Δυσνομία || δυσνομία<ref>''[[LSJ]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Ddusnomi%2Fa s.v. δυσνομία].</ref> || Lawlessness,<ref>Most 2018a, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.21.xml p. 21]; Hard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA31 p. 31].</ref> Bad Government,<ref>Gantz, p. 10.</ref> Anarchy<ref>Caldwell, [https://archive.org/details/hesiodstheogony00hesi/page/42/mode/2up?view=theater p. 42 on 212–232].</ref> || The [[Athenian]] statesman [[Solon]] contrasted Dysnomia with [[Eunomia]], the personification of the ideal government:<ref>Siewert, [https://referenceworks-brill-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/display/entries/NPOE/e824420.xml s.v. Nomos].</ref>
|-
| [[Ate (mythology)|Ate]] || Ἄτη || ἄτη<ref>''[[LSJ]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Da)%2Fth s.v. ἄτη].</ref>|| Delusion,<ref>Hard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA31 p. 31].</ref> Recklessness,<ref>Most 2018a, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.21.xml p. 21].</ref> Folly,<ref>Gantz, p. 10.</ref> Ruin<ref>Caldwell, [https://archive.org/details/hesiodstheogony00hesi/page/42/mode/2up?view=theater p. 42 on 212–232].</ref> || She was banished from Olympus by Zeus for blinding him to [[Hera]]'s trickery denying [[Heracles]] his birthright.<ref>Hard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA31 p. 31].</ref>
|-
| [[Horkos]] || Ὅρκος || ὄρκος<ref>''[[LSJ]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Do(%2Frkos s.v. ὄρκος].</ref> || Oath || The curse that is inflicted on any person who swears a [[perjury|false oath]].<ref>Hard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA31 p. 31].</ref>
|}