Editing Entrenched river (section)

== Consequences ==
Rosgen indicates that the consequences of incised meander are associated with accelerated stream bank erosion, [[land loss]], aquatic [[habitat]] loss, as well as lowering the water table. Additionally, the study also found that incised meanders also cause loss of land productivity and downstream [[sedimentation]] (p.&nbsp;2).<ref>Rosgen, David L. "A geomorphological approach to restoration of incised rivers." Proceedings of the conference on management of landscapes disturbed by channel incision. Vol. 16. {{ISBN|0-937099-05-8}}, 1997.</ref> The factors are likely to affect not only the economic development on the land where it passes but it is also very costly when [[Environmental restoration|restoration]] is to be initiated. River entrenchment happens because of the water having the power to cause erosion on the river bed. This increased velocity has shown a negative effect on the riparian habitat, because of increased erosion of the area. For example, a study by Simon revealed that channel incision is a major characteristic of entrenched rivers, and it affects variables in riparian vegetation and growth of fish in the areas (p.&nbsp;528). Lowering of the channels means that the ground water level has also reduced. Specifically, the development of the entrenched river reduces the amount of ground water due to water loss through [[infiltration (hydrology)|infiltration]].<ref>Simon, Andrew, and Andrew JC Collison. "Quantifying the mechanical and hydrologic effects of riparian vegetation on streambank stability." ''[[Earth Surface Processes and Landforms]]'' 27.5 (2002): 527-546.</ref> The movement of the base level changes tributaries and the entrenchment of a [[tributary]] channel. Studies of various rivers have revealed that the process of river entrenchment has been associated with adjustment of river positions through bank erosion, as well as widening.<ref>Pizzuto, Jim. "Effects of Dam Removal on River Form and Process Although many well-established concepts of fluvial geomorphology are relevant for evaluating the effects of dam removal, geomorphologists remain unable to forecast stream channel changes caused by the removal of specific dams." BioScience 52.8 (2002): 683-691.</ref>{{wide image|GooseNeckStateParkPanorama.jpg|736px|Entrenched [[meander]]s of the [[San Juan River (Colorado River)|San Juan River]] at [[Goosenecks State Park]], [[Utah]].}}