Editing Ennio Morricone (section)

==Career==
===First compositions===
Morricone wrote his first compositions when he was six years old and he was encouraged to develop his natural talents.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.esz.it/aut/eng/ennio_morricone/profilo.htm |title=Ennio Morricone, Critical profile by Sergio Miceli |publisher=Esz.it |access-date=13 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722033148/http://www.esz.it/aut/eng/ennio_morricone/profilo.htm |archive-date=22 July 2011}}</ref> In 1946, he composed "Il Mattino" ("The Morning") for voice and piano on a text by Fukuko, first in a group of seven "youth" Lieder.<ref name="pytheas">{{cite web |url=http://www.pytheasmusic.org/morricone.html |title=Ennio Morricone |publisher=pytheasmusic.org |access-date=6 July 2020}}</ref>

In the following years, he continued to write music for the theatre as well as classical music for voice and piano, such as "Imitazione", based on a text by Italian poet [[Giacomo Leopardi]], "Intimità", based on a text by Olinto Dini, "Distacco I" and "Distacco II" with words by R. Gnoli, "Oboe Sommerso" for baritone and five instruments with words by poet [[Salvatore Quasimodo]], and "Verrà la Morte", for alto and piano, based on a text by novelist [[Cesare Pavese]].<ref name="pytheas" />

In 1953, Morricone was asked by [[Gorni Kramer]] and [[Lelio Luttazzi]] to write an arrangement for some medleys in an American style for a series of evening radio shows. The composer continued with the composition of other 'serious' classical pieces, thus demonstrating the flexibility and eclecticism that always has been an integral part of his character. Many orchestral and chamber compositions date, in fact, from the period between 1954 and 1959: ''Musica per archi e pianoforte'' (1954), ''Invenzione, Canone e Ricercare per piano''; ''Sestetto per flauto, oboe, fagotto, violino, viola, e violoncello'' (1955), ''Dodici Variazione per oboe, violoncello, e piano''; ''Trio per clarinetto, corno, e violoncello''; ''Variazione su un tema di Frescobaldi'' (1956); ''Quattro pezzi per chitarra'' (1957); ''Distanze per violino, violoncello, e piano''; ''Musica per undici violini, Tre Studi per flauto, clarinetto, e fagotto'' (1958); and the ''Concerto per orchestra'' (1957), dedicated to his teacher [[Goffredo Petrassi]].<ref name="pytheas" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dantealighieri.net/cambridge/Ital_music.html#Ennio%20Morricone |title=Dante Alighieri, Ennio Morricone biography |publisher=Dantealighieri.net |date=3 December 1911 |access-date=13 September 2011}}</ref>

Morricone soon gained popularity by writing his first background music for radio dramas and quickly moved into film.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.classicfm.co.uk/music/composers/h-m/ennio-morricone/ |title=Ennio Morricone |publisher=classicfm.co.uk |access-date=28 January 2012}}</ref>

====Composing for radio, television, and pop artists====

Morricone's career as an arranger began in 1950, by arranging the piece ''Mamma Bianca'' (Narciso Parigi).<ref>[http://www.chimai.com/index.cfm?module=MUS&mode=ALB&id=5418 Chimai.com, Mamma Bianco], Retrieved on 17 July 2016</ref> On occasion of the "[[Jubilaeum Maximum|Anno Santo]]" ([[Jubilee (Christianity)|Holy Year]]), he arranged a long group of popular songs of devotion for radio broadcasting.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://text.wz.cz/em/articles/miceli_bio_en.htm |title=Ennio Morricone biography, retrieved July 17, 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817071614/http://text.wz.cz/em/articles/miceli_bio_en.htm |archive-date=17 August 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 1956, Morricone started to support his family by playing in a [[jazz]] band and [[arrangement|arranging]] pop songs for the Italian broadcasting service [[RAI]]. He was hired by [[Radiotelevisione Italiana|RAI]] in 1958 but quit his job on his first day at work when he was told that broadcasting of music composed by employees was forbidden by a company rule. Subsequently, Morricone became a top studio arranger at RCA Victor, working with [[Renato Rascel]], [[Rita Pavone]], Domenico Modugno, and [[Mario Lanza]].

Throughout his career, Morricone composed songs for several national and international jazz and pop artists, including [[Gianni Meccia]] (''Il barattolo'', 1960), [[Gianni Morandi]] (''Go Kart Twist'', 1962; ''Non son degno di te'', 1964), [[Alberto Lionello]] (''La donna che vale'', 1959), [[Edoardo Vianello]] (''Ornella'', 1960; ''Cicciona cha-cha'', 1960; ''Faccio finta di dormire'', 1961; ''T'ho conosciuta'', 1963; and also ''Pinne, fucine ed occhiali'', ''I Watussi'' and ''Guarda come dondolo''<ref>The master Morricone linked female singers to [[Trombone|trombones]] and the male ones to [[bugle]]s. See: {{cite book |last1=Adinolfi |first1=Francesco |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JV8uEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT328 |title=Mondo Exotica: Suoni, visioni e manie della rivoluzione lounge |date=3 June 2021 |publisher=Marsilio |isbn=978-88-297-1274-8 |page=328 |language=it|oclc=797724833 |access-date=2 June 2021}}</ref>), Nora Orlandi (''Arianna'', 1960), [[Jimmy Fontana]] (''Twist no. 9''; ''Nicole'', 1962), [[Rita Pavone]] (''Come te non c'e' nessuno'' and ''Pel di carota'' from 1962, arranged by [[Luis Bacalov]]), [[Catherine Spaak]] (''Penso a te''; ''Questi vent'anni miei'', 1964), [[Luigi Tenco]] (''Quello che conta''; ''Tra tanta gente''; 1962), [[Gino Paoli]] (''Nel corso'' from 1963, written by Morricone with Paoli), [[Renato Rascel]] (''Scirocco'', 1964), [[Paul Anka]] (''Ogni Volta''), Amii Stewart, [[Rosy Armen]] (''L'Amore Gira''), [[Milva]] (''Ridevi'', ''Metti Una Sera A Cena''), [[Françoise Hardy]] (''Je changerais d'avis'', 1966), [[Mireille Mathieu]] (''Mon ami de toujours''; ''Pas vu, pas pris'', 1971; ''J'oublie la pluie et le soleil'', 1974), and [[Demis Roussos]] (''I Like The World'', 1970).<ref>[http://www.chimai.com/index.cfm?module=MUS&mode=ALB&id=718 The Ennio Morricone Chronicles] Retrieved on 4 February 2013.</ref><ref>[http://www.soundtrackcollector.com/title/61523/Ennio+Morricone+Chronicles,+The Ennio Morricone Chronicles, The (2000)], Retrieved on 4 February 2013</ref>

In 1963, the composer co-wrote (with Roby Ferrante) the music for the composition "Ogni volta" ("Every Time"), a song that was performed by [[Paul Anka]] for the first time during the [[Festival della canzone italiana|Festival di Sanremo]] in 1964. This song was arranged and conducted by Morricone and sold more than three million copies worldwide, including one million copies in Italy alone.<ref>[http://www.vervemusicgroup.com/paulanka/bio/ Paul Anka biography] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090929082302/http://www.vervemusicgroup.com/paulanka/bio/ |date=29 September 2009 }}, Verve Music Group, retrieved 6 February 2013.</ref>

Another success was his composition "Se telefonando". Performed by [[Mina (Italian singer)|Mina]], it was a track on ''[[Studio Uno 66]]'', the 4th studio album by Mina. Morricone's sophisticated arrangement of "Se telefonando" was a combination of melodic trumpet lines, [[Hal Blaine]]–style drumming, a string set, a 1960s [[Europop]] female [[choir]], and intensive subsonic-sounding trombones. The Italian Hitparade No. 7 song had eight transitions of [[tonality]] building tension throughout the chorus. During the following decades, the song was recorded by several performers in Italy and abroad including covers by [[Françoise Hardy]] and [[Iva Zanicchi]] (1966), [[Delta-V (musical group)|Delta V]] (2005), [[Vanessa and the O's]] (2007), and [[Neil Hannon]] (2008).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mon-amie-hardy-rose.nice-topic.com/Reprises-de-Se-telefonando-h63.htm |title=Se telefonando |publisher=Mon-amie-hardy-rose.nice-topic.com |access-date=24 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714180742/http://mon-amie-hardy-rose.nice-topic.com/Reprises-de-Se-telefonando-h63.htm |archive-date=14 July 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Françoise Hardy – Mon amie la rose'' site in the reader's poll conducted by the newspaper'' [[la Repubblica]]'' to celebrate Mina's 70th anniversary in 2010, 30,000 voters picked the track as the best song ever recorded by Mina.<ref>[http://www.repubblica.it/spettacoli-e-cultura/2010/03/25/news/mina-pani-2888803/ Mamma Mina cestinò i complimenti dei Beatles] ''[[La Repubblica]]'', Gino Castaldo, 25 March 2010</ref>

In 1987, Morricone co-wrote ''[[It Couldn't Happen Here (song)|It Couldn't Happen Here]]'' with the [[Pet Shop Boys]]. Other compositions for international artists include: ''La metà di me'' and ''Immagina'' (1988) by [[Ruggero Raimondi]], ''Libera l'amore'' (1989) performed by [[Zucchero]], ''Love Affair'' (1994) by [[k.d. lang]], ''Ha fatto un sogno'' (1997) by [[Antonello Venditti]], ''Di Più'' (1997) by [[Tiziana Tosca Donati]], ''Come un fiume tu'' (1998), ''Un Canto'' (1998) and ''Conradian'' (2006) by [[Andrea Bocelli]], ''Ricordare'' (1998) and ''Salmo'' (2000) by [[Angelo Branduardi]], and ''My heart and I'' (2001) by [[Sting (musician)|Sting]].<ref>[http://www.chimai.com/index.cfm?module=MUS&mode=SON Songs and Arrangements by Morricone] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501040113/http://www.chimai.com/index.cfm?module=MUS&mode=SON |date=1 May 2015 }}. Retrieved on 4 February 2013.</ref>

====First film scores====

After graduation in 1954, Morricone started to write and arrange music as a [[ghost writing|ghost writer]] for films credited to already well-known composers, while also arranging for many light music orchestras of the RAI television network, working especially with [[Armando Trovajoli]], [[Alessandro Cicognini]], and [[Carlo Savina]]. He occasionally adopted Anglicized pseudonyms, such as '''Dan Savio''' and '''Leo Nichols'''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.elcorreo.com/butaca/cine/morricone-cuelga-batuta-20190108124758-ntrc.html |title=Morricone cuelga la batuta |first=Oskar |last=Belategui |date=8 January 2019 |access-date=13 June 2019 |newspaper=[[El Correo]] |language=es |publisher=[[Vocento]]}}</ref>

In 1959, Morricone was the conductor (and uncredited co-composer) for [[Mario Nascimbene]]'s score to ''Morte di un amico'' (''[[Death of a Friend]]''), an Italian drama directed by [[Franco Rossi (director)|Franco Rossi]]. In the same year, he composed music for the theatre show ''Il lieto fine'' by [[Luciano Salce]].

1961 marked his real film debut with Luciano Salce's ''[[The Fascist|Il Federale (The Fascist)]]''. In an interview with American composer [[Fred Karlin]], Morricone discussed his beginnings, stating, "My first films were light comedies or costume movies that required simple musical scores that were easily created, a genre that I never completely abandoned even when I went on to much more important films with major directors".<ref name="Biography of Ennio Morricone">{{cite web |url=http://ennio-morricone.com/#/biography.html |title=Biography of Ennio Morricone |publisher=ennio-morricone.com |access-date=22 January 2013 |archive-date=5 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130105110247/http://ennio-morricone.com/#/biography.html |url-status=usurped }}</ref>

With ''Il Federale'' Morricone began a long-run collaboration with Luciano Salce. In 1962, Morricone composed the jazz-influenced score for Salce's comedy ''[[Crazy Desire|La voglia matta (Crazy Desire)]]''. That year Morricone also arranged Italian singer [[Edoardo Vianello]]'s summer hit "Pinne, fucile, e occhiali", a cha-cha song, peppered with added water effects, unusual instrumental sounds and unexpected stops and starts.<ref>{{cite book |author=Enrico Deregibus |title=Dizionario completo della Canzone Italiana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QBko1XW9KOUC&pg=PA464 |access-date=22 January 2013 |date=8 October 2010 |publisher=Enrico Deregibus |isbn=978-88-09-75625-0}}</ref>

Morricone wrote works for the concert hall in a more avant-garde style.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Petridis |first1=Alexis|author-link=Alexis Petridis|title=Ennio Morricone: 10 of his greatest compositions |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2020/jul/06/ennio-morricone-10-of-his-greatest-compositions |access-date=6 July 2020|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Some of these have been recorded, such as ''Ut'', a trumpet concerto dedicated to [[Mauro Maur]].<ref>{{cite book |title=La Tromba |oclc=36806200 }}</ref>

===The Group and New Consonance===

From 1964 up to their eventual disbandment in 1980, Morricone was part of ''[[Gruppo di Improvvisazione Nuova Consonanza]]'' (G.I.N.C.), a group of composers who performed and recorded [[avant-garde]] free improvisations. The Rome-based avant-garde ensemble was dedicated to the development of [[improvisation]] and new music methods. The ensemble functioned as a laboratory of sorts, working with anti-musical systems and sound techniques in an attempt to redefine the new music ensemble and explore "New Consonance".<ref>[https://www.allmusic.com/artist/gruppo-di-improvvisazione-nuova-consonanza-mn0001409455 Gruppo di Improvvisazione Nuova Consonanza], biography, Allmusic, Sylvie Harrison. Retrieved 24 January 2013.</ref>

Known as "The Group" or "Il Gruppo", they released seven albums across the [[Deutsche Grammophon]], RCA, and Cramps labels: ''Gruppo di Improvvisazione Nuova Consonanza'' (1966), ''The Private Sea of Dreams'' (1967), ''Improvisationen'' (1968), ''The Feedback'' (1970), ''Improvvisazioni a Formazioni Variate'' (1973), ''Nuova Consonanza'' (1975), and ''Musica su Schemi'' (1976). Perhaps the most famous of these is their album entitled ''The Feed-back'', which combines [[free jazz]] and avant-garde classical music with [[funk]]; the album frequently is sampled by [[hip hop]] DJs and is considered to be one of the most collectable records in existence, often fetching more than $1,000 at auction.<ref>Alvin Lucia, liner notes, ''Niente''. (The Omni Recording Corporation/The Roundtable), 2012.</ref>

[[File:Gruppoimprovvisazione.jpg|thumb|Morricone in 1978 with [[Gruppo di Improvvisazione Nuova Consonanza]]]]
Morricone played a key role in The Group and was among the core members in its revolving line-up; in addition to serving as their trumpet player, he directed them on many occasions and they can be heard on a large number of his scores.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sciannameo |first=Franco |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b2_KDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA77 |title=Reflections on the Music of Ennio Morricone: Fame and Legacy |date=2020 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4985-6901-9 |pages=77–79 |language=en}}</ref> Held in high regard in avant-garde music circles, they are considered to be the first experimental composers collective, their only peers being the British improvisation collective [[AMM (group)|AMM]]. Their influence can be heard in free improvising ensembles from the European movements including the [[Evan Parker|Evan Parker Electro-Acoustic Ensemble]], the Swiss electronic free improvisation group [[Voice Crack]], [[John Zorn]],<ref>[http://dangerousminds.net/comments/ennio_morricones_noise_ensemble_gruppo_di_improvvisazione_di_nuova_consonan Ennio Morricone's noise ensemble: Gruppo di Improvvisazione di Nuova Consonanza] dangerousminds.net, 5 November 2011.</ref> and in the techniques of modern classical music and avant-garde jazz groups. The ensemble's groundbreaking work informed their work in composition. The ensemble also performed in varying capacities with Morricone, contributing to some of his 1960s and 1970s Italian soundtracks, including ''[[A Quiet Place in the Country]]'' (1969) and ''[[Cold Eyes of Fear]]'' (1971).<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wz2dxDNaEDgC&pg=PA267 |title=''Film And Television Scores, 1950–1979: A Critical Survey by Genre'', Kristopher Spencer, McFarland, September 9, 2008 |date=10 January 2014 |isbn=978-0-7864-5228-6 |access-date=24 August 2014 |last1=Spencer |first1=Kristopher|publisher=McFarland }}</ref>

===Film music genres===

==== Comedy ====

Morricone's earliest scores were Italian light comedy and costume pictures, where he learned to write simple, memorable themes. During the 1960s and 1970s he composed the scores for comedies such as ''[[Eighteen in the Sun]]'' (''Diciottenni al sole'', 1962), ''[[Il Successo]]'' (1963), [[Lina Wertmüller]]'s ''[[The Lizards]]'' (''I basilischi'', 1963),<ref name="Biography of Ennio Morricone"/> ''[[Slalom (1965 film)|Slalom]]'' (1965), ''[[Menage all'italiana]]'' (''Menage Italian Style'', 1965), ''[[How I Learned to Love Women]]'' (''Come imparai ad amare le donne'', 1966), ''[[Her Harem]]'' (''L'harem'', 1967), ''[[A Fine Pair]]'' (''Ruba al prossimo tuo'', 1968), ''[[Alibi (1969 film)|L'Alibi]]'' (1969), ''[[This Kind of Love (film)|This Kind of Love]]'' (''Questa specie d'amore'', 1972), ''[[Winged Devils]]'' (''Forza "G"'', 1972), and ''[[Fiorina la vacca]]'' (1972).

His best-known scores for comedies includes ''[[La Cage aux Folles (film)|La Cage aux Folles]]'' (1978) and ''[[La Cage aux Folles II]]'' (1980), both directed by [[Édouard Molinaro]], ''[[Il ladrone]]'' (''The Good Thief'', 1980), [[Georges Lautner]]'s ''[[La Cage aux Folles 3: The Wedding]]'' (1985), [[Pedro Almodóvar]]'s ''[[Tie Me Up! Tie Me Down!]]'' (1990) and Warren Beatty's ''Bulworth'' (1998). Morricone never ceased to arrange and write music for comedies. In 2007, he composed a lighthearted score for the Italian romantic comedy ''Tutte le Donne della mia Vita'' by [[Simona Izzo]], the director who co-wrote the Morricone-scored religious mini-series ''Il Papa Buono''.<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Nick |last=Vivarelli |url=https://variety.com/2007/film/news/morricone-i-can-do-anything-1117959621/ |title=Morricone: 'I can do anything' |magazine=Variety |date=15 February 2007 |access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref>

==== Westerns ====
Although his first films were undistinguished,{{Clarify|date=July 2020}} Morricone's arrangement of an American folk song intrigued director and former schoolmate [[Sergio Leone]]. Before being associated with Leone, Morricone already had composed some music for less-known western movies such as ''[[Duello nel Texas]]'' (aka ''Gunfight at Red Sands'') (1963). In 1962, Morricone met American folksinger [[Peter Tevis]], with the two collaborating on a version of [[Woody Guthrie]]'s "[[Pastures of Plenty]]". Tevis is credited with singing the lyrics of Morricone's songs such as "A Gringo Like Me" (from ''Gunfight at Red Sands'') and "Lonesome Billy" (from ''Bullets Don't Argue'').<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=z9Tjh55dlDUC&q=morricone+first+western+films&pg=PA147 Christopher Frayling, ''Spaghetti Westerns: Cowboys and Europeans from Karl May to Sergio Leone''], I. B. Tauris, 2 April 2006.</ref> Tevis later recorded a vocal version of ''A Fistful of Dollars'' that was not used in the film.

===== Association with Sergio Leone =====
The turning point in Morricone's career took place in 1964, the year in which his third child, [[Andrea Morricone]], who would also become a film composer, was born. Film director and former schoolmate Sergio Leone hired Morricone, and together they created a distinctive score to accompany Leone's [[Spaghetti Western|different version]] of the [[Western (genre)|Western]], ''[[A Fistful of Dollars]]'' (1964).<ref>{{cite news |title=Morricone, la musica per il compagno di scuola Sergio Leone |url=https://www.adnkronos.com/intrattenimento/spettacolo/2020/07/06/morricone-musica-per-compagno-scuola-sergio-leone_66Md0LxcNpUYJufDdnzD7M.html |access-date=7 July 2020 |work=Adnkronos |date=6 July 2020 |language=it}}</ref>

===== The Dollars Trilogy =====
{{main|Dollars Trilogy|The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (soundtrack)}}

Because budget strictures limited Morricone's access to a full orchestra, he used gunshots, cracking whips, whistle, voices, [[jew's harp]], trumpets, and the new Fender electric guitar, instead of orchestral arrangements of Western standards à la [[John Ford]]. Morricone used his special effects to punctuate and comically tweak the action—cluing in the audience to the [[silence|taciturn]] man's ironic stance.<ref name="Leinberger" />{{rp|69–77}} <!--Though sonically bizarre for a movie score, Morricone's music was [[wikt:viscerally|viscerally]] true to Leone's vision.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}-->

As memorable as Leone's [[close-up]]s, harsh violence, and black comedy, Morricone's work helped to expand the musical possibilities of film scoring. Initially, Morricone was billed on the film as Dan Savio, a name they had used on [[Duello nel Texas]] to help its appeal on the international market. ''A Fistful of Dollars'' came out in Italy in 1964 and was released in America three years later, greatly popularising the so-called [[Spaghetti Western]] genre. For the American release, Sergio Leone followed Morricone and [[Massimo Dallamano]]'s lead and decided to adopt an American-sounding name, Bob Robertson. Over the film's theatrical release, it grossed more than any other Italian film up to that point.<ref name="Hughes7">{{cite book|last=Hughes|first=Howard|title=Aim for the Heart: The Films of Clint Eastwood|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PbWKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA7|date=30 July 2009|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-0-85771-021-5|page=7}}</ref> The film debuted in the United States in January 1967, where it grossed {{USD|4.5&nbsp;million|link=yes}} for the year.<ref name="Hughes7"/> It eventually grossed $14.5&nbsp;million in its American release,<ref name="Hughes7"/> against its budget of {{USD}}200,000.<ref>{{cite book|last=Giddins|first=Gary|title=Warning Shadows: Home Alone with Classic Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DuYHM-Ltkx4C&pg=PA122|date=19 April 2010|publisher=W. W. Norton|isbn=978-0-393-33792-1|page=122}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Sterritt|first=David|title=The Cinema of Clint Eastwood: Chronicles of America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zfrpBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA42|date=25 November 2014|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-85071-1|page=42}}</ref>

With the score of ''A Fistful of Dollars'', Morricone began his 20-year collaboration with his childhood friend [[Alessandro Alessandroni]] and his Cantori Moderni.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Strachan |first1=Ian Gregory |last2=Mask |first2=Mia |title=Poitier Revisited: Reconsidering a Black Icon in the Obama Age|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kEogBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT268|date=27 November 2014|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-62356-923-5|page=268}}</ref> Alessandroni provided the whistling and the twanging guitar on the film scores, while his Cantori Moderni were a flexible troupe of modern singers. Morricone in particular drew on the solo [[soprano]] of the group, [[Edda Dell'Orso]], at the height of her powers "an extraordinary voice at my disposal".<ref>[https://www.italyonthisday.com/2018/02/edda-dellorso-Italian-vocalist-Morricone-Spaghetti-westerns-sergio-leone.html Edda Dell'Orso – vocalist / Soprano was wordless voice of Morricone soundtracks] italyonthisday.com 16 February 2018</ref>

The composer subsequently scored Leone's other two ''[[Dollars Trilogy]]'' (or ''[[Man with No Name|Man with No Name Trilogy]]'') spaghetti westerns: ''[[For a Few Dollars More]]'' (1965) and ''The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly'' (1966). All three films starred the American actor [[Clint Eastwood]] as ''The Man With No Name'' and depicted Leone's own intense vision of the mythical West. Morricone commented in 2007: "Some of the music was written before the film, which was unusual. Leone's films were made like that because he wanted the music to be an important part of it; he kept the scenes longer because he did not want the music to end." According to Morricone this explains "why the films are so slow".<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/music/2007/mar/18/features.musicmonthly10 "Q&A – Ennio Morricone"] ''[[The Guardian]]'', 18 March 2007</ref>

Despite the small film budgets, the ''Dollars Trilogy'' was a box-office success. The available budget for ''The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly'' was about {{USD}}1.2&nbsp;million, but it became the most successful film of the ''Dollars Trilogy'', grossing {{USD}}25.1&nbsp;million in the United States and more than [[Italian lira|Lire&nbsp;]]2.3&nbsp;billion (1.2&nbsp;million EUR) in Italy alone. Morricone's score became a major success and sold more than three million copies worldwide. On 14 August 1968 the original score was certified by the [[RIAA]] with a golden record for the sale of 500,000 copies in the United States alone.<ref>[https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?content_selector=gold-platinum-searchable-database RIAA, Gold and Platinum – The Good, the Bad & the Ugly], Retrieved 24 January 2013 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130331234333/http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?content_selector=gold-platinum-searchable-database |date=31 March 2013 }}</ref>

The main theme to ''The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly'', also titled "The Good, the Bad and the Ugly", was a hit in 1968 for [[Hugo Montenegro]], whose rendition was a No.2 Billboard pop single in the U.S. and a U.K. No.1 single (for four weeks from mid-November that year).<ref>{{cite web|title=Official [U.K.] Singles Chart Top 50: 13–19 November 1968|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/singles-chart/19681113/7501/ |publisher=The Official UK Charts Company |access-date=21 August 2020}}</ref>

"[[The Ecstasy of Gold]]" became one of Morricone's best-known compositions. The opening scene of [[Jeff Tremaine]]'s ''[[Jackass Number Two]]'' (2006), in which the cast is chased through a suburban neighbourhood by bulls, is accompanied by this piece. While punk rock band The [[Ramones]] used "The Ecstasy of Gold" as a closing theme during their live performances, [[Metallica]] uses "The Ecstasy of Gold" as the introductory music for its concerts since 1983.<ref>[http://www.metallica.com/index.asp?item=600114 "We All Love Ennio Morricone"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202024236/http://www.metallica.com/index.asp?item=600114 |date=2 February 2007 }}, Metallica.com, 11 March 2007</ref><ref>[http://www.metallicaworld.co.uk/f_a_q.htm Metallica related F.A.Q.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531020521/http://www.metallicaworld.co.uk/f_a_q.htm |date=31 May 2013 }}, Metallic World, retrieved 22 January 2013</ref> This composition is also included on Metallica's live symphonic album ''[[S&M (album)|S&M]]'' as well as the live album ''[[Live Shit: Binge & Purge]]''. An instrumental metal cover by Metallica (with minimal vocals by lead singer [[James Hetfield]]) appeared on the 2007 Morricone tribute album ''[[We All Love Ennio Morricone]]''. This metal version was nominated for a [[Grammy Award]] in the category of [[Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance|Best Rock Instrumental Performance]]. In 2009, the Grammy Award-winning hip-hop artist [[Coolio]] extensively sampled the theme for his song "Change".<ref>{{YouTube|gYjwtiR10yc|Coolio vs. Ennio Morricone}}, Change, 15 February 2009.</ref>

===== ''Once Upon a Time in the West'' and others =====
{{main|Once Upon a Time in the West (soundtrack)}}

[[File:Foto Mauro Maur e Maestro Ennio Morricone.jpg|Ennio Morricone while recording a soundtrack with his favorite trumpet player and friend [[Mauro Maur]] – Forum Studios in Rome|thumb|upright=1.20|left]]Subsequent to the success of the ''Dollars trilogy'', Morricone also composed the scores for ''Once Upon a Time in the West'' (1968) and Leone's last credited western film ''[[A Fistful of Dynamite]]'' (1971),<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 December 2014|title=Morricone regrets Eastwood rejection|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-30517594|access-date=7 July 2020}}</ref> as well as the score for ''[[My Name Is Nobody]]'' (1973).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wilcox|first=Felicity|title=Vale Ennio Morricone: a master composer with breathtaking musical range|url=http://theconversation.com/vale-ennio-morricone-a-master-composer-with-breathtaking-musical-range-142082|access-date=7 July 2020|website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]]|date=7 July 2020}}</ref>

Morricone's score for ''[[Once Upon a Time in the West (soundtrack)|Once Upon a Time in the West]]'' is one of the best-selling original instrumental scores in the world today, with as many as 10&nbsp;million copies sold, including one million copies in France,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sites.radiofrance.fr/francemusique/em/greniers/emission.php?arch=1&d_id=355000237&e_id=35 |title=Radio France |publisher=Sites.radiofrance.fr |access-date=12 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007185545/http://sites.radiofrance.fr/francemusique/em/greniers/emission.php?arch=1&d_id=355000237&e_id=35 |archive-date=7 October 2011}}</ref> and more than 800,000 copies in the Netherlands.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.radioveronica.nl/index.php?page=album_top_1000_content/de_beste_soundtracks_aller_tijden |title=Radio Veronica |publisher=Radioveronica.nl |access-date=12 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216152451/http://www.radioveronica.nl/index.php?page=album_top_1000_content%2Fde_beste_soundtracks_aller_tijden |archive-date=16 February 2012}}</ref><ref>[http://www.futurelegendrecords.com/#/that-instrumental-vibe/4545526880 That Instrumental Vibe] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110208024623/http://www.futurelegendrecords.com/ |date=8 February 2011 }}, Future Legend Records, Retrieved 15 February 2007</ref><ref>[http://www.bookjunkiesjournal.com/soundtracks.html Soundtracks&nbsp;... a whole universe of music to discover] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121228141657/http://www.bookjunkiesjournal.com/soundtracks.html |date=28 December 2012 }} by Annarita Guarnieri, ''Book Junkies Journal'', retrieved 22 January 2013</ref>

The collaboration with Leone is considered one of the exemplary [[List of noted film director and composer collaborations|collaborations between a director and a composer]]. Morricone's last score for Leone was for his last film, the gangster drama ''[[Once Upon a Time in America]]'' (1984). Leone died on 30 April 1989 of a heart attack at the age of 60. Before his death in 1989, Leone was part-way through planning a film on the [[Siege of Leningrad]], set during World War II. By 1989, Leone had been able to acquire {{USD}}100&nbsp;million in financing from independent backers for the war epic. He had convinced Morricone to compose the film score. The project was cancelled when Leone died two days before he was to officially sign on for the film.

In early 2003, Italian filmmaker [[Giuseppe Tornatore]] announced he would direct a film called ''Leningrad''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tandemnews.com/viewstory.php?storyid=3204 |title=Tornatore wants Kidman for Leningrad Oscar-winning Italian director to make World War II movie about Nazi attack of Russia |access-date=10 January 2009 | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311015636/http://tandemnews.com/viewstory.php?storyid=3204 |archive-date=11 March 2007 }}</ref> The film has yet to go into production and Morricone was cagey as to details on account of Tornatore's superstitious nature.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.themoscowtimes.com/arts_n_ideas/article/ennio-morricone-discusses-85th-anniversary-before-moscow-concert/489297.html |title=Aliide Naylor, Ennio Morricone Discusses 85th Anniversary Before Moscow Concert |work=The Moscow Times |date=11 November 2013 |access-date=11 November 2013}}</ref>

===== Association with Sergio Corbucci and Sergio Sollima =====

Two years after the start of his collaboration with Sergio Leone, Morricone also started to score music for another Spaghetti Western director, [[Sergio Corbucci]]. The composer wrote music for Corbucci's ''[[Navajo Joe]]'' (1966), ''[[The Hellbenders]]'' (1967), ''[[The Mercenary (film)|The Mercenary/The Professional Gun]]'' (1968), ''[[The Great Silence]]'' (1968), ''[[Compañeros (film)|Compañeros]]'' (1970), ''[[Sonny and Jed]]'' (1972), and ''[[What Am I Doing in the Middle of the Revolution?]]'' (1972).<ref name=scian>{{Cite book|last=Sciannameo|first=Franco|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b2_KDwAAQBAJ|title=Reflections on the Music of Ennio Morricone: Fame and Legacy|date=2020|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-4985-6901-9|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Hoberman|first=J.|author-link=J. Hoberman|date=28 December 2018|title='68 Rides Again: The Return of Sergio Corbucci|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/28/movies/sergio-corbucci-the-great-silence.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/28/movies/sergio-corbucci-the-great-silence.html |archive-date=1 January 2022 |url-access=limited|access-date=24 August 2024}}</ref>

In addition, Morricone composed music for the western films by [[Sergio Sollima]], ''[[The Big Gundown]]'' (with [[Lee Van Cleef]], 1966), ''[[Face to Face (1967 film)|Face to Face]]'' (1967), and ''[[Run, Man, Run]]'' (1968), as well as the 1970 crime thriller ''[[Città violenta|Violent City]]'' (with [[Charles Bronson]]) and the [[Poliziotteschi|poliziottesco]] film ''[[Revolver (1973 film)|Revolver]]'' (1973).<ref name=scian/><ref>{{Cite book|last=Spencer|first=Kristopher|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wz2dxDNaEDgC|title=Film and Television Scores, 1950–1979: A Critical Survey by Genre|date=10 January 2014|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-5228-6|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Grozdanovic|first1=Nikola|date=10 November 2015|title=The 30 Best Film Scores By Ennio Morricone|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2015/11/the-30-best-film-scores-by-ennio-morricone-106032/|access-date=7 July 2020|website=IndieWire|language=en}}</ref>

==== Other westerns ====
Other relevant scores for less popular Spaghetti Westerns include ''[[Duello nel Texas]]'' (1963), ''[[Bullets Don't Argue]]'' (1964), ''[[A Pistol for Ringo]]'' (1965), ''[[The Return of Ringo]]'' (1965), ''[[Seven Guns for the MacGregors]]'' (1966), ''[[The Hills Run Red (1966 film)|The Hills Run Red]]'' (1966), [[Giulio Petroni]]'s ''[[Death Rides a Horse]]'' (1967) and ''[[Tepepa]]'' (1968), ''[[A Bullet for the General]]'' (1967), ''[[Guns for San Sebastian]]'' (with [[Charles Bronson]] and [[Anthony Quinn]], 1968), ''[[A Sky Full of Stars for a Roof]]'' (1968), ''[[The Five Man Army]]'' (1969), [[Don Siegel]]'s ''[[Two Mules for Sister Sara]]'' (1970), ''[[Life Is Tough, Eh Providence?]]'' (1972), and ''[[Buddy Goes West]]'' (1981).<ref name="Leinberger" />{{rp|115–117}}

====Dramas and political movies====
[[File:Ennio Morricone Cannes 2012.jpg|Morricone in 2012|thumb|upright=0.68|left]]
With Leone's films, Ennio Morricone's name had been put firmly on the map. Most of Morricone's film scores of the 1960s were composed outside the Spaghetti Western genre, while still using Alessandroni's team. Their music included the themes for ''Il Malamondo'' (1964), ''Slalom'' (1965), and ''Listen, Let's Make Love'' (1967). In 1968, Morricone reduced his work outside the movie business and wrote scores for 20 films in the same year. The scores included psychedelic accompaniment for [[Mario Bava]]'s superhero romp ''[[Danger: Diabolik]]'' (1968).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hunt|first=Leon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1H1JDwAAQBAJ|title=Danger: Diabolik|date=20 February 2018|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-85112-1|language=en}}</ref>

Morricone collaborated with [[Marco Bellocchio]] (''[[Fists in the Pocket]]'', 1965), [[Gillo Pontecorvo]] (''[[The Battle of Algiers]]'' (1966), and ''[[Burn! (1969 film)|Queimada!]]'' (1969) with [[Marlon Brando]]), [[Roberto Faenza]] (H2S, 1968), Giuliano Montaldo (''[[Sacco e Vanzetti (1971 film)|Sacco e Vanzetti]]'', 1971), [[Giuseppe Patroni Griffi]] (''[['Tis Pity She's a Whore (film)|'Tis Pity She's a Whore]]'', 1971), Mauro Bolognini (''[[Drama of the Rich]]'', 1974), [[Umberto Lenzi]] (''[[Almost Human (1974 film)|Almost Human]]'', 1974), [[Pier Paolo Pasolini]] (''[[Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom]]'', 1975), Bernardo Bertolucci (''[[1900 (film)|Novecento]]'', 1976), and [[Tinto Brass]] (''[[The Key (1983 film)|The Key]]'', 1983 and ''[[Senso '45]]'', 2002).<ref name="Leinberger" />{{rp|115–116}}

In 1970, Morricone wrote the score for ''Violent City''. That same year, he received his first {{Lang|it|[[Nastro d'Argento]]|italic=no}} for the music in ''[[Metti una sera a cena]]'' ([[Giuseppe Patroni Griffi]], 1969) and his second only a year later for ''[[Sacco e Vanzetti (1971 film)|Sacco e Vanzetti]]'' (Giuliano Montaldo, 1971), in which he collaborated with the legendary American folk singer and activist [[Joan Baez]]. His soundtrack for ''Sacco e Vanzetti'' contains another well-known composition by Morricone, the folk song "[[Here's to You (song)|Here's to You]]", sung by Baez. For the writing of the lyrics, Baez was inspired by a letter from Bartolomeo Vanzetti: ''"Father, yes, I am a prisoner / Fear not to relay my crime"''. The song was later included in movies such as ''[[The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou]]''.<ref>[http://musicbrainz.org/release/29d93150-709d-4aaa-8b16-0b3b0913885d The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou, Soundtrack Tracklist]. Retrieved on 23 January 2013.</ref><!-- and in the video game ''[[Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots]]'' as the closing theme as well as ''[[Metal Gear Solid: Ground Zeroes]]''.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} -->

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In the beginning of the 1970s, Morricone achieved success with other singles, including ''[[A Fistful of Dynamite]]'' (1971) and ''God With Us'' (1974), having sold respectively 477,000 and 378,000 copies in France only.

Between 1967 and 1993 the composer had a long-term collaboration with director Mauro Bolognini. Morricone wrote more than 15 film scores for Bolognini, including ''[[Le streghe]]'' (1966), ''[[L'assoluto naturale]]'' (1969), ''[[Un bellissimo novembre]]'' (1969), ''[[Metello]]'' (1970), ''[[Chronicle of a Homicide]]'' (1972), ''[[Libera, My Love]]'' (1973), ''[[Per le antiche scale]]'' (1975), ''[[The Lady of the Camellias (1981 film)|La Dame aux camelias]]'' (1980), ''[[Mosca addio]]'' (1987), ''[[Gli indifferenti]]'' (1988), and ''[[Husband and Lovers]]'' (1992).{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}
-->

==== ''Giallo'' and horror ====
Morricone's eclecticism found its way to films in the horror genre, such as the giallo thrillers of [[Dario Argento]], from ''[[The Bird with the Crystal Plumage]]'' (1970), ''[[The Cat o' Nine Tails]]'' (1971), and ''[[Four Flies on Grey Velvet]]'' (1971) to ''[[The Stendhal Syndrome]]'' (1996) and ''[[The Phantom of the Opera (1998 film)|The Phantom of the Opera]]'' (1998). His other horror scores include ''[[Nightmare Castle]]'' (1965), ''[[A Quiet Place in the Country]]'' (1968), ''[[The Antichrist (film)|The Antichrist]]'' (1974), and ''[[Last Stop on the Night Train|Night Train Murders]]'' (1975).

In addition, Morricone composed music for many popular and cult Italian ''[[giallo]]'' films, such as ''[[Senza sapere niente di lei|Unknown Woman]]'' (1969), ''[[Le foto proibite di una signora per bene|Forbidden Photos of a Lady Above Suspicion]]'' (1970), ''[[A Lizard in a Woman's Skin]]'' (1971), ''[[Cold Eyes of Fear]]'' (1971), ''[[The Fifth Cord]]'' (1971), ''[[Short Night of Glass Dolls]]'' (1971), ''[[Black Belly of the Tarantula|The Black Belly of the Tarantula]]'' (1971) ''[[My Dear Killer]]'' (1972), ''[[What Have You Done to Solange?]]'' (1972), ''[[Who Saw Her Die?]]'' (1972), ''[[Spasmo]]'' (1974), and ''[[Autopsy (1975 film)|Autopsy]]'' (1975).

In 1977 Morricone scored [[John Boorman]]'s ''[[Exorcist II: The Heretic]]'' and [[Alberto De Martino]]'s apocalyptic horror film ''[[Holocaust 2000]]'', starring [[Kirk Douglas]]. In 1982 he composed the [[The Thing (soundtrack)|score]] for [[John Carpenter]]'s science fiction horror movie ''[[The Thing (1982 film)|The Thing]]''.<ref name=AFI>[http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=67235 From AFI (The American Film Institute)], accessed September 2011.</ref> Morricone's main theme for the film was reflected in [[Marco Beltrami]]'s film's score of [[The Thing (2011 film)|prequel of the 1982 film]], which was released in 2011.

===Hollywood career===
The ''Dollars Trilogy'' was not released in the United States until 1967 when [[United Artists]], who had already enjoyed success distributing the British-produced [[James Bond in film|James Bond]] films in the United States, decided to release Sergio Leone's Spaghetti Westerns. The American release gave Morricone an exposure in America and his film music became quite popular in the United States.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=G2lqIuCFJ_MC&q=days+of+heaven+terrence+malick+ennio+morricone&pg=PA7 ''Ennio Morricone's The Good, the Bad and the Ugly: A Film Score Guide''], Charles Leinberger, Scarecrow Press, 1 September 2004</ref>

One of Morricone's first contributions to an American director concerned his music for the religious epic film ''[[The Bible: In the Beginning...]]'' by [[John Huston]]. According to Sergio Miceli's book ''Morricone, la musica, il cinema'', Morricone wrote about 15 or 16&nbsp;minutes of music, which were recorded for a screen test and conducted by [[Franco Ferrara]]. At first Morricone's teacher [[Goffredo Petrassi]] had been engaged to write the score for the great big-budget epic, but Huston preferred another composer. [[RCA Records]] then proposed Morricone who was under contract with them, but a conflict between the film's producer [[Dino De Laurentiis]] and RCA occurred. The producer wanted to have exclusive rights for the soundtrack, while RCA still had the monopoly on Morricone at that time and did not want to release the composer. Subsequently, Morricone's work was rejected because he did not get permission from RCA to work for Dino De Laurentiis alone. The composer reused the parts of his unused score for ''The Bible: In the Beginning'' in such films as ''[[The Return of Ringo]]'' (1965) by [[Duccio Tessari]] and Alberto Negrin's ''[[The Secret of the Sahara]]'' (1987).

Morricone never left Rome to compose his music and never learned to speak English. But given that he always worked in a wide field of composition genres, from "[[absolute music]]", which he always produced, to "applied music", working as orchestrator as well as conductor in the recording field, and then as a composer for theatre, radio, and cinema, the impression arises that he never really cared about his standing in the eyes of Hollywood.<ref>[http://thequietus.com/articles/04050-ennio-morricone-interview-a-fistful-of-dollars-for-a-few-dollars-more-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly-once-upon-a-time-in-the-west-the-thing Ennio Morricone Interviewed: John Doran, "Compared To Bach, I'm Practically Unemployed"], Quietus interview, 8 April 2010.</ref>

====1970–1985: From ''Two Mules'' to ''Red Sonja''====

In 1970, Morricone composed the music for [[Don Siegel]]'s ''[[Two Mules for Sister Sara]]'', an American-Mexican western film starring [[Shirley MacLaine]] and Clint Eastwood. The same year the composer also delivered the title theme ''The Men from Shiloh'' for the American Western television series [[The Virginian (TV series)|The Virginian]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8xna6GjwSJ0 |title=The Virginian – Season 9 Opening Credits |website=YouTube |access-date=18 June 2011}}</ref>

In 1974–1975 Morricone wrote music for ''Spazio 1999'', an Italian-produced compilation movie made to launch the Italian-British television series ''[[Space: 1999]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://catacombs.space1999.net/main/epguide/t00spazio.html |title=Spazio 1999 Episode Guide- Space: 1999 Catacombs |website=catacombs.space1999.net}}</ref> while the original episodes featured music by [[Barry Gray]]. A soundtrack album was only released on CD in 2016<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://catacombs.space1999.net/main/merc/vmrcd.html#Morricone |title=Space 1999 Merchandise Guide: CD Soundtracks |website=catacombs.space1999.net}}</ref> and on [[LP record|LP]] in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://catacombs.space1999.net/main/merc/vmr.html#Mondo |title=Space 1999 Merchandise Guide: Soundtracks |website=catacombs.space1999.net}}</ref> In 1975 he scored the [[George Kennedy]] revenge thriller ''[[The "Human" Factor (1975 film)|The "Human" Factor]]'', which was the final film of director [[Edward Dmytryk]]. Two years later he composed the score for the sequel to [[William Friedkin]]'s 1973 film ''[[The Exorcist (film)|The Exorcist]]'', directed by [[John Boorman]]: ''[[Exorcist II: The Heretic]]''. The horror film was a major disappointment at the box office. The film grossed {{USD}}30,749,142 in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=exorcist2.htm |title=Box Office Information for ''Exorcist II: The Heretic'' |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=10 December 2011}}</ref>

In 1978, the composer worked with [[Terrence Malick]] for ''[[Days of Heaven]]'' starring [[Richard Gere]], for which he earned his first nomination at the Oscars for Best Original Score.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Toyin |last=Owoseje|title=The film scores of Ennio Morricone: Five tracks you need to hear by the late, great composer|url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/ennio-morricone-prolific-italian-composer-best-music-intl-scli/index.html|access-date=7 July 2020|website=CNN|date=6 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

Despite the fact that Morricone had produced some of the most popular and widely imitated film music ever written throughout the 1960s and 1970s, ''Days of Heaven'' earned him his first [[Academy Awards|Oscar nomination]] for [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]], with his score up against [[Jerry Goldsmith]]'s ''[[The Boys from Brazil (film)|The Boys from Brazil]]'', [[Dave Grusin]]'s ''[[Heaven Can Wait (1978 film)|Heaven Can Wait]]'', [[Giorgio Moroder]]'s ''[[Midnight Express (film)|Midnight Express]]'' (the eventual winner), and [[John Williams]]'s ''[[Superman (1978 film)|Superman: The Movie]]'' at the [[51st Academy Awards|Oscar ceremonies]] in 1979.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1979 |title=The 51st Academy Awards (1979) Nominees and Winners |access-date=6 October 2011 |work=oscars.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114130539/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/51st-winners.html |archive-date=14 January 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
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In 1979, Morricone provided the music for the thriller ''[[Bloodline (1979 film)|Bloodline]]'', directed by [[Terence Young (director)|Terence Young]], best known for directing the [[James Bond]] films ''[[Dr. No (film)|Dr. No]]'' (1962), ''[[From Russia with Love (film)|From Russia with Love]]'' (1963), and ''[[Thunderball (film)|Thunderball]]'' (1965). Subsequently, the composer was asked to score [[Michael Ritchie (film director)|Michael Ritchie]]'s ''[[The Island (1980 film)|The Island]]'' (1980, starring [[Michael Caine]]), [[Gordon Willis]]'s thriller ''[[Windows (film)|Windows]]'' (1980), [[Andrew Bergman]]'s comedy ''[[So Fine (film)|So Fine]]'' (1981) starring [[Ryan O'Neal]], [[Matt Cimber]]'s film ''[[Butterfly (1982 film)|Butterfly]]'' (1982), starring [[Pia Zadora]], [[Samuel Fuller]]'s controversial drama film ''[[White Dog]]'' (1982), and ''[[Thieves After Dark]]'' (1984), [[Jerry London]]'s critically acclaimed TV movie ''[[The Scarlet and the Black]]'' (1983), starring [[Gregory Peck]], and [[Richard Fleischer]]s [[box office bomb]] ''[[Red Sonja (film)|Red Sonja]]'' (1985), starring [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]] and [[Brigitte Nielsen]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}
-->

====1986–2020: From ''The Mission'' to ''The Hateful Eight''====

'''Association with Roland Joffé'''

{{main|The Mission (soundtrack)}}
''The Mission'', directed by Joffé, was about a piece of history considerably more distant, as [[Society of Jesus|Spanish Jesuit]] [[Missionary|missionaries]] see their work undone as a tribe of Paraguayan natives fall within a territorial dispute between the Spanish and Portuguese. At one point the score was one of the world's best-selling film scores, selling over 3&nbsp;million copies worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.onlineseats.com/ennio-morricone-tickets/index.asp |title=Morricone biography |publisher=Onlineseats.com |date=25 February 2007 |access-date=12 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124000932/http://www.onlineseats.com/ennio-morricone-tickets/index.asp |archive-date=24 November 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.limburger.nl/article/20081110/ERISEREENJARIG01/138962896/1121/erisereenjarig01 |title=Morricone is 80, Limburger.nl, November 2008, 10th |publisher=Limburger.nl |access-date=12 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214003525/http://www.limburger.nl/article/20081110/ERISEREENJARIG01/138962896/1121/erisereenjarig01 |archive-date=14 February 2012}}</ref>

Morricone finally received a second Oscar nomination for ''The Mission''.<ref name="oscars.org"/> Morricone's original score lost out to [[Herbie Hancock]]'s coolly arranged jazz on [[Bertrand Tavernier]]'s ''[[Round Midnight (film)|Round Midnight]]''. It was considered a surprising win and a controversial one, given that much of the music in the film was pre-existing.<ref name="hitfix.com">[http://www.hitfix.com/in-contention/the-mission-tops-variety-composers-poll-of-the-all-time-greatest-film-scores#qCzZXYxvpBfl9OLq.99 "'The Mission' tops Variety composers' poll of the all-time greatest film scores"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116111026/http://www.hitfix.com/in-contention/the-mission-tops-variety-composers-poll-of-the-all-time-greatest-film-scores#qCzZXYxvpBfl9OLq.99 |date=16 November 2012 }}, HitFix, Guy Lodge, 14 November 2012.</ref> Morricone stated the following during a 2001 interview with ''[[The Guardian]]'': "I definitely felt that I should have won for ''The Mission''. Especially when you consider that the Oscar winner that year was ''Round Midnight'', which was not an original score. It had a very good arrangement by Herbie Hancock, but it used existing pieces. So there could be no comparison with ''The Mission''. There was a theft!"<ref name="Sweeting interview">{{cite news |author=[[Adam Sweeting]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2001/feb/23/culture.features1 |title=Mozart of film music? The Friday interview |newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=23 February 2001 |access-date=24 August 2014 |location=London}}</ref> His score for ''The Mission'' was ranked at number 1 in a poll of the all-time greatest film scores. The top 10 list was compiled by 40 film composers such as [[Michael Giacchino]] and [[Carter Burwell]].<ref name="hitfix.com"/> The score is ranked 23rd on the AFI's list of 25 greatest film scores of all time.<ref>{{cite web |author=American Film Institute |url=https://www.afi.com/afis-100-years-of-film-scores/ |title=AFI's Top 25 |publisher=Afi.com |date=23 September 2005 |access-date=11 November 2024}}</ref>
<!--The composer wrote also the music for three other movies by Joffé: ''[[Fat Man and Little Boy]]'' (1989, starring [[Paul Newman]]), ''[[City of Joy (film)|City of Joy]]'' (1992, starring [[Patrick Swayze]]) and the opening film for the [[2000 Cannes Film Festival]], ''[[Vatel (film)|Vatel]]'', starring [[Gérard Depardieu]], [[Uma Thurman]] and [[Tim Roth]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}
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==== Association with De Palma and Levinson ====

On three occasions, Brian De Palma worked with Morricone: ''[[The Untouchables (film)|The Untouchables]]'' (1987), the 1989 war drama ''[[Casualties of War]]'' and the [[science fiction film]] ''[[Mission to Mars]]'' (2000).<ref name=AFI /> Morricone's score for ''The Untouchables'' resulted in his third nomination for [[Academy Award for Best Original Score]].<ref>{{Cite web|first=Justin|last=Chang|date=6 July 2020|title=Appreciation: 'A Fistful of Dollars' to 'The Untouchables': Ennio Morricone made music a movie star|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2020-07-06/ennio-morricone-fistful-of-dollars-untouchables-mission|access-date=7 July 2020|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|language=en-US}}</ref>

In a 2001 interview with ''[[The Guardian]]'', Morricone stated that he had good experiences with De Palma: "De Palma is delicious! He respects music, he respects composers. For ''The Untouchables'', everything I proposed to him was fine, but then he wanted a piece that I didn't like at all, and of course, we didn't have an agreement on that. It was something I didn't want to write – a triumphal piece for the police. I think I wrote nine different pieces for this in total and I said, 'Please don't choose the sixth!' because it was the worst. And guess what he chose? The sixth one. But it really suits the movie."<ref name="Sweeting interview" />

Another American director, Barry Levinson, commissioned the composer on two occasions. First, for the crime-drama ''Bugsy'', starring Warren Beatty, which received ten Oscar nominations,<ref>[http://www.myoscarpredictions.com/film_most_nominations_oscar_history_academy_awards.htm Films list with the most Academy Awards Nominations Of History in the Oscars]. Retrieved 23 January 2013.</ref> winning two for [[Academy Award for Best Production Design|Best Art Direction-Set Decoration]] ([[Dennis Gassner]], [[Nancy Haigh]]) and [[Academy Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1992 |title=The 64th Academy Awards (1992) Nominees and Winners |access-date=2 August 2011 |work=oscars.org}}</ref>

"He doesn't have a piano in his studio, I always thought that with composers, you sit at the piano, and you try to find the melody. There's no such thing with Morricone. He hears a melody, and he writes it down. He hears the orchestration completely done", said Levinson in an interview.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/28/arts/music/28pare.html | first=Jon | last=Pareles | author-link=Jon Pareles | title=The Maestro of Spaghetti Westerns Takes a Bow |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]| date=28 January 2007}}</ref>

==== Other notable Hollywood scores ====

During his career in Hollywood, Morricone was approached for numerous other projects, including the [[Gregory Nava]] drama ''[[A Time of Destiny]]'' (1988),<ref>{{cite book |last=De Rosa |first=Alessandro |title=Ennio Morricone: In His Own Words |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2veFDwAAQBAJ |chapter= 6. Looking Ahead:A Silent Nod Towards the Future |translator= Maurizio Corbella |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2019 |isbn=978-0-19-068103-6}}</ref> ''[[Frantic (film)|Frantic]]'' by Polish-French director [[Roman Polanski]] (1988, starring [[Harrison Ford]]), [[Franco Zeffirelli]]'s 1990 drama film ''[[Hamlet (1990 film)|Hamlet]]'' (starring [[Mel Gibson]] and [[Glenn Close]]), the [[neo-noir]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Film Noir: An Encyclopedic Reference to the American Style |edition=3rd |date=28 November 1988 |publisher=The Overlook Press |location=Woodstock, New York |isbn=978-0-87951-479-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/filmnoir00alai/page/438 438] |chapter=Filmography of neo-noir |editor=Alain Silver & Elizabeth Ward| chapter-url-access = registration| chapter-url = https://archive.org/details/filmnoir00alai/page/438}}</ref> [[crime film]] ''[[State of Grace (1990 film)|State of Grace]]'' by [[Phil Joanou]] (1990, starring [[Sean Penn]] and [[Ed Harris]]),<ref>{{Cite news|last=Maslin|first=Janet|author-link=Janet Maslin|date=14 September 1990|title=Review/Film; Bach in Hell's Kitchen, and the Gang's all There|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/09/14/movies/review-film-bach-in-hell-s-kitchen-and-the-gang-s-all-there.html|access-date=7 July 2020}}</ref> ''[[Rampage (1987 film)|Rampage]]'' (1992) by [[William Friedkin]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sharf|first=Zack|date=6 July 2020|title=Ennio Morricone Dies at 91: Edgar Wright and More Honor the Legendary Film Composer|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2020/07/ennio-morricone-dies-edgar-wright-honors-film-composer-1234571406/|access-date=7 July 2020|website=IndieWire|language=en}}</ref> and the romantic drama ''[[Love Affair (1994 film)|Love Affair]]'' (1994) by Warren Beatty.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Maslin|first=Janet|author-link=Janet Maslin|date=21 October 1994|title=Film Review; A Romeo Plays a Romeo. Hmm.|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/10/21/movies/film-review-a-romeo-plays-a-romeo-hmm.html|access-date=7 July 2020}}</ref>
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None of the aforementioned films were box office successes, but fortunately, Morricone was also commissioned for more successful motion pictures such as ''In the Line of Fire'' (1993) by [[Wolfgang Petersen]], starring Clint Eastwood and [[John Malkovich]], the horror film ''[[Wolf (1994 film)|Wolf]]'' (1994, Mike Nichols), which featured [[Jack Nicholson]] and [[Michelle Pfeiffer]], and ''Bulworth'' by Warren Beatty.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}

In 1997, Morricone composed the music for ''[[Lolita (1997 film)|Lolita]]'' (by [[Adrian Lyne]]) and [[Oliver Stone]]'s ''[[U Turn (1997 film)|U Turn]]'', starring [[Sean Penn]] and [[Jennifer Lopez]]. A year later, Ennio Morricone wrote a complete score for the 1998 drama ''[[What Dreams May Come (film)|What Dreams May Come]]'', but [[Vincent Ward (director)|Vincent Ward]] found the music too emotional and replaced Morricone with [[Michael Kamen]].<ref>[http://users.telenet.be/soundtrack-fm/Reviews/Ennio_Morricone/what_dreams/what_dreams.htm "They rejected it because it was too emotional?"], soundtrack review. Retrieved 23 January 2013.</ref>

One of his last complete scores for an American-related project includes the 2002 thriller ''[[Ripley's Game (film)|Ripley's Game]]'', starring [[John Malkovich]], by [[Liliana Cavani]].
Noted background music from the shooting scene "target practice" in Quentin Tarantino's Django Unchained was also featured in Kung Fu theatres movies.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}

==== Extensive reuse of his music ====

Besides the 500 original film scores composed by Morricone for movies and television series in a career of over six decades, his music is frequently reused in more than 150 other film projects. Morricone's compositions appeared in the German TV series ''[[Derrick (TV series)|Derrick]]'' (1989), the live-action comedy film ''[[Inspector Gadget (film)|Inspector Gadget]]'' (1999), ''[[Ally McBeal]]'' (2001), ''[[The Simpsons]]'' (2002), ''[[The Sopranos]]'' (2001–2002) and more recently in ''[[Dancing with the Stars]]'' (2010).{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}

In 2014, Morricone's song "Giù La Testa" was featured in [[Florian Habicht]]'s feature film ''Pulp: a Film about Life, Death & Supermarkets'', an unconventional rockumentary about British group [[Pulp (band)|Pulp]] which premiered at SXSW that year.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} good topic but needs sources-->

==== Association with Quentin Tarantino ====
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Quentin Tarantino borrowed Morricone's music for several of his films. The Main Title of ''[[Death Rides a Horse]]'' (1967) can be heard in ''[[Kill Bill: Volume 1]]'', while ''[[Kill Bill: Volume 2]]'' contains music originally from ''For a Few Dollars More'', ''The Good, the Bad and the Ugly'', ''[[The Mercenary (film)|The Mercenary]]'' and ''[[Navajo Joe]]''.The themes "Paranoia Prima" and "Unexpected Violence" ("Violenza inattesa"), originally from respectively ''[[The Cat o' Nine Tails]]'' and ''[[The Bird with the Crystal Plumage]]'', were used in ''[[Death Proof]]'' (2007) by Tarantino.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}-->
In 2009, Tarantino originally wanted Morricone to compose the film score for ''[[Inglourious Basterds]]''.<ref>[http://www.tarantino.info/2008/11/09/tarantino-enlists-ennio-morricone-to-score-basterds/ "Tarantino wants Ennio Morricone to score Basterds"], Tarantino.info, 9 November 2008. Retrieved 23 January 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2009/aug/15/inglourious-basterds-guide |title=''Inglourious Basterds'' Guide |newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=19 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090817154535/http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2009/aug/15/inglourious-basterds-guide |archive-date=17 August 2009 |location=London |first=Damon |last=Wise |date=15 August 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> Morricone was unable to, because the film's sped-up production schedule conflicted with his scoring of Giuseppe Tornatore's ''[[Baarìa (film)|Baarìa]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.joblo.com/index.php?id=morricone-u-basterd |title=Morricone u Basterd! |work=[[JoBlo.com|JoBlo]] |access-date=26 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100408010714/http://www.joblo.com/index.php?id=morricone-u-basterd |archive-date=8 April 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> However, Tarantino did use eight tracks composed by Morricone in the film, with four of them included on the [[Inglourious Basterds (soundtrack)|soundtrack]]. The tracks came originally from Morricone's scores for ''[[The Big Gundown]]'' (1966), ''[[Revolver (1973 film)|Revolver]]'' (1973) and ''[[Allonsanfàn]]'' (1974).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/showbiz-and-lifestyle/film-in-wales/2009/08/23/quentin-tarantino-on-his-ww11-epic-inglourious-basterds-91466-24510448/ |title=Quentin Tarantino on his WW2 epic Inglourious Basterds |work=Wales Online |date=23 August 2009 |access-date=26 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128115942/http://www.walesonline.co.uk/showbiz-and-lifestyle/film-in-wales/2009/08/23/quentin-tarantino-on-his-ww11-epic-inglourious-basterds-91466-24510448/ |archive-date=28 January 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.slantmagazine.com/music/review/inglourious-basterds-original-soundtrack/1822 |work=[[Slant Magazine]] |title=Inglourious Basterds Original Soundtrack Review |first=Jesse |last=Cataldo |date=31 August 2009 |access-date=23 November 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100128221111/http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/review/inglourious-basterds-original-soundtrack/1822 |archive-date=28 January 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2012, Morricone composed the song "Ancora Qui" with lyrics by Italian singer [[Elisa (Italian singer)|Elisa]] for Tarantino's ''[[Django Unchained]]'', a track that appeared together with three existing music tracks composed by Morricone on the [[Django Unchained (soundtrack)|soundtrack]]. "Ancora Qui" was one of the contenders for an Academy Award nomination in the Best Original Song category, but eventually the song was not nominated.<ref>[http://www.heyuguys.co.uk/oscars-75-songs-vie-for-best-original-song-led-by-les-miserables-ted-safety-not-guaranteed/ "Oscars: 75 Songs vie for Best Original Song led by Les Misérables, Ted & Safety Not Guaranteed"], Heyuguys.co.uk, Kenji Lloyd, 13 December 2012.</ref> On 4 January 2013 Morricone presented Tarantino with a Life Achievement Award at a special ceremony being cast as a continuation of the [[Rome Film Festival|International Rome Film Festival]].<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/rome-festival-honor-quentin-tarantino-406736 Eric J. Lyman, "Rome Festival to Honor Quentin Tarantino in Special Ceremony"], ''Hollywood Reporter'', 28 December 2012.</ref> In 2014, Morricone was misquoted as claiming that he would "never work" with Tarantino again,<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/nov/12/ennio-morricone-denies-calling-quentin-tarantino-a-cretin | title=Ennio Morricone denies calling Quentin Tarantino a 'cretin' | first=Andrew | last=Pulver | date=12 November 2018 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> and later agreed to write an original film score for Tarantino's ''[[The Hateful Eight]]'', which won him an Academy Award in 2016 in the Best Original Score category.<ref name="Brigden" /> His nomination for this film marked him at that time as the second oldest nominee in Academy history, behind [[Gloria Stuart]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 February 2016|title=Oscars in numbers: All the facts and figures behind the 88th Academy Awards|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/oscars-numbers-facts-figures-behind-7459213|access-date=23 August 2021|website=Mirror|language=en}}</ref> Morricone's win marked his first competitive Oscar, and at the age of 87, he became the oldest person at the time to win a competitive Oscar.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Anderson|first=Ariston|date=29 February 2016|title=Oscars: Italy, Hollywood Celebrate Ennio Morricone's First Competitive Win|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/oscars-ennio-morricone-first-win-871336/|access-date=23 August 2021|magazine=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref>

===Composer for Giuseppe Tornatore===

In 1988, Morricone started an ongoing and very successful collaboration with Italian director Giuseppe Tornatore. His first score for Tornatore was for the drama film ''Cinema Paradiso''. The international version of the film won the [[Grand Prix (Cannes Film Festival)|Special Jury Prize]] at the [[1989 Cannes Film Festival]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/236/year/1989.html |title=Festival de Cannes: Cinema Paradiso |access-date=1 August 2009 |work=festival-cannes.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110820055739/http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/236/year/1989.html |archive-date=20 August 2011}}</ref> and the 1989 [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Language Film]] [[Academy Awards|Oscar]]. Morricone received a [[BAFTA]] award with his son [[Andrea Morricone|Andrea]], and a [[David di Donatello]] for his score. In 2002, the [[director's cut]] 173-minute version was released (known in the US as ''Cinema Paradiso: The New Version'').<ref name="Brigden" />
After the success of ''Cinema Paradiso'', the composer wrote the music for all subsequent films by Tornatore: the drama film ''[[Everybody's Fine (1990 film)|Everybody's Fine]]'' (Stanno Tutti Bene, 1990), ''[[A Pure Formality]]'' (1994) starring [[Gérard Depardieu]] and Roman Polanski, ''[[The Star Maker (1995 film)|The Star Maker]]'' (1995), ''[[The Legend of 1900]]'' (1998) starring [[Tim Roth]], the 2000 romantic drama ''[[Malèna (soundtrack)|Malèna]]'' (which featured [[Monica Bellucci]]) and the psychological thriller mystery film ''[[La sconosciuta]]'' (2006). Morricone also composed the scores for ''[[Baarìa (film)|Baarìa]]'' (2009), ''[[The Best Offer]]'' (2013) starring [[Geoffrey Rush]], [[Jim Sturgess]] and [[Donald Sutherland]] and the romantic drama ''[[The Correspondence]]'' (2015)<ref name="Brigden">Charlie Brigden: [https://www.rogerebert.com/tributes/ennio-morricone-1928-2020 Ennio Morricone: 1928–2020] rogerebert.com & July 2020</ref><!-- starring [[Jeremy Irons]] and [[Olga Kurylenko]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} -->

The composer won several music awards for his scores in Tornatore's movies. Morricone received a fifth Academy Award nomination and a [[Golden Globe]] nomination for ''Malèna''. For ''Legend of 1900'', he won a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score]].<ref>Bizio, Silvio: [https://www.goldenglobes.com/articles/memoriam-ennio-morricone-golden-globe-winner-1928-2020 In Memoriam: Ennio Morricone, Golden Globe Winner, 1928–2020] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708045436/https://www.goldenglobes.com/articles/memoriam-ennio-morricone-golden-globe-winner-1928-2020 |date=8 July 2020 }} goldenglobes.com 6 July 2020</ref> In September 2021 Tornatore presented out of competition at the [[78th Venice International Film Festival]] a documentary film about Morricone, ''[[Ennio (film)|Ennio]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Foreman |first1=Liza |title=Giuseppe Tornatore Gets Standing Ovation Before and After 'Ennio' Screens in Venice |url=https://variety.com/2021/film/global/venice-ennio-giuseppe-tornatore-1235061793/ |access-date=24 January 2022 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=11 September 2021}}</ref>

=== Television series and last works ===
[[File:Mattarella Morricone 2016.jpg|thumb|right|Morricone with the Italian President, [[Sergio Mattarella]], in 2016]]
Morricone wrote the score for [[Sicilian Mafia|the Mafia]] television series ''[[La piovra]]'' seasons 2 to 10 from 1985 to 2001, including the themes "Droga e sangue" ("Drugs and Blood"), "La Morale", and "L'Immorale". Morricone worked as the conductor of seasons 3 to 5 of the series. He also worked as the music supervisor for the television project ''La bibbia'' ("The Bible").<ref>[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/434755222 La Biblia = El Génesis, la creación del mundo Genesis, the Creation and the Flood] WorldCat</ref>
In the late 1990s, he collaborated with his son Andrea on the ''Ultimo'' crime dramas, resulting in ''Ultimo'' (1998), ''Ultimo 2 – La sfida'' (1999), ''Ultimo 3 – L'infiltrato'' (2004) and ''Ultimo 4 – L'occhio del falco'' (2013).<ref>[https://www.senscritique.com/album/Ultimo_Bande_Originale/8139473 Ultimo (OST) (1999)] senscritique.com</ref> For ''[[Canone inverso]]'' (2000) based on the music-themed novel of the same name by the [[Paolo Maurensig]], directed by [[Ricky Tognazzi]] and starring [[Hans Matheson]], Morricone won Best Score awards in the [[David di Donatello|David di Donatello Awards]] and [[Silver Ribbon]]s.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180615135302/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b841a5043 BFI page for Canone Inverso – Making Love (2000)] accessed 20 August 2020.</ref>

In the 2000s, Morricone continued to compose music for successful television series such as ''[[Il Cuore nel Pozzo]]'' (2005), ''[[Karol: A Man Who Became Pope]]'' (2005), ''La provinciale'' (2006), ''[[Giovanni Falcone]]'' (2007), ''Pane e libertà'' (2009) and ''Come Un Delfino 1–2'' (2011–2013).<ref>[http://www.movie-wave.net/come-un-delfino-2/ Come un Delfino] movie-wave.net</ref>
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With an estimated 13 million viewers, ''[[Karol: A Man Who Became Pope]]'' became an incredible success. Morricone wrote additional music for the sequel, ''[[Karol: The Pope, The Man]]'' (2006), which portrayed Karol's life as Pope from his [[papal inauguration]] to his death. Both scores were originally released respectively in 2005 and 2006. One year later, a double-disc album with both scores is released.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}-->
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In 2003, Morricone scored another epic, for Japanese television, called ''Musashi'' and was the [[Taiga drama]] about [[Miyamoto Musashi]], Japan's legendary [[warrior]]. A part of his "applied music" is now applied to Italian television films.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}-->

Morricone provided the string arrangements on Morrissey's "Dear God Please Help Me" from the album ''[[Ringleader of the Tormentors]]'' in 2006.<ref>Goddard, S. ''Mozipedia'', p. 272. London: Ebury Press, 2009.</ref>
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Since 2004, Morricone wrote music for almost exclusively Italian television movies and mini-series, especially for directors such as Giuseppe Tornatore, [[Alberto Negrin]], [[Giuliano Montaldo]], and Franza Di Rosa.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}-->

In 2008, the composer recorded music for a [[Lancia]] commercial, featuring [[Richard Gere]] and directed by [[Harald Zwart]] (known for directing ''[[The Pink Panther 2]]'').<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mixonline.com/post/features/interview-film-music-maestro-ennio-morricone//index.html |title=Interview: Film Music Maestro Ennio Morricone |date=1 October 2008 |access-date=31 December 2013|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108022353/http://mixonline.com/post/features/interview-film-music-maestro-ennio-morricone/ |archive-date=8 November 2013}}</ref>

In spring and summer 2010, Morricone worked with [[Hayley Westenra]] for a collaboration on her album ''[[Paradiso (Hayley Westenra album)|Paradiso]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.famigliacristiana.it/costume-e-societa/cultura/ascoltato/articolo/westenra_200911113955.aspx |title=E' uscito "Paradiso", l'album di Hayley Westenra ed Ennio Morricone – Cultura – Famiglia Cristiana |publisher=Famigliacristiana.it |date=21 September 2011 |access-date=31 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329010034/http://www.famigliacristiana.it/costume-e-societa/cultura/ascoltato/articolo/westenra_200911113955.aspx |archive-date=29 March 2012}}</ref> The album features new songs written by Morricone, as well as some of his best-known film compositions of the last 50 years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marbecks.co.nz/detail/index.lsd?catalogID=621881 |title=Paradiso – Hayley Westenra |publisher=Marbecks |date=18 April 2011 |access-date=13 September 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.classicfm.co.uk/shop/classic-fm-magazine/classic-fm-magazine-october-2011/ |title=In the studio with Morricone |publisher=classicfm.co.uk |date=24 August 2011 |access-date=27 August 2011}}</ref> Westenra recorded the album with Morricone's orchestra in Rome during the summer of 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.decca.com/articles/hayley-westenra-teams-up-with-ennio-morricone-490 |title=Decca Records &#124; Classical &#124; Hayley Westenra teams up with Ennio Morricone |publisher=Decca.com |access-date=8 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120102101232/http://www.decca.com/articles/hayley-westenra-teams-up-with-ennio-morricone-490 |archive-date=2 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hayleywestenra.me/2011/07/18/a-message-from-ennio-morricone/ |title=Message from Ennio Morricone |date=18 July 2011 |access-date=27 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://itunes.apple.com/gb/preorder/paradiso/id445405933 |title=Paradiso on iTunes |website=[[iTunes]] |date=29 August 2011 |access-date=27 August 2011}}</ref>

Since 1995, he composed the music for several advertising campaigns of [[Dolce & Gabbana]]. The commercials were directed by Giuseppe Tornatore.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.swide.com/luxury-magazine/History/DG-Archive/dg-archive-funerale/2011/10/30 |work=Swide Magazine |date=30 October 2011 |access-date=19 May 2012 |title=Funeral alla Dolce & Gabbana |author=Valentina Zannoni |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104014957/http://www.swide.com/luxury-magazine/History/DG-Archive/dg-archive-funerale/2011/10/30 |archive-date=4 January 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2013, Morricone collaborated with Italian singer-songwriter [[Laura Pausini]] on a new version of her hit single "[[La solitudine]]" for her 20 years anniversary greatest hits album ''[[20 – The Greatest Hits (Laura Pausini album)|20 – The Greatest Hits]]''.<ref>[https://www.leggo.it/spettacoli/musica/laura_pausini_ennio_morricone_morto_la_solitudine_oggi_6_luglio_2020-5330705.html Morricone, Laura Pausini e lo straziante ricordo: «Eri il Maestro di tutti»] (in Italian) leggo.it 6 July 2020</ref>

Morricone composed the music for ''The Best Offer'' (2013) by Giuseppe Tornatore.<ref>[http://filmmusicreporter.com/2012/04/04/ennio-morricone-to-score-giuseppe-tornatores-the-best-offer/ "Ennio Morricone to Score Giuseppe Tornatore's 'The Best Offer'"], filmmusicreporter.com, 4 April 2012.</ref>
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In 2014, Ennio Morricone became an honorary chairman of the First International Open Competition in the author's music video "Mediamusic." The final of the competition was scheduled for 1 March 2015 in Moscow.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}-->

He wrote the score for Christian Carion's ''[[En mai, fais ce qu'il te plait]]'' (2015) and the most recent movie by Tornatore: ''[[The Correspondence]]'' (2016), featuring [[Jeremy Irons]] and [[Olga Kurylenko]].<ref>[http://www.screendaily.com/news/tornatores-correspondence-begins-uk-shoot/5087406.article "Giuseppe Tornatore's 'Correspondence' begins UK shoot"], screendaily.com, 6 May 2015.</ref> In July 2015, Quentin Tarantino announced after the screening of footage of his movie ''The Hateful Eight'' at [[San Diego Comic-Con]] that Morricone would score the film, the first Western that Morricone scored since 1981.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://time.com/3954719/quentin-tarantino-ennio-morricone-hateful-eight/ |title=Quentin Tarantino Hateful Eight Comic-Con: He'll Film Another Western |author=Eliana Dockterman |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=22 October 2015}}</ref> The score was critically acclaimed and won several awards including the [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score]] and the [[Academy Award for Best Original Score]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/ennio-morricone-accepts-golden-globe-860538 |title=Ennio Morricone Accepts Golden Globe for 'The Hateful Eight' in Rome |last=Anderson |first=Ariston |date=30 January 2016 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=18 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/2/28/11131644/ennio-morricone-best-original-score-academy-awards-2016 |title=Oscars 2016: Ennio Morricone wins Best Original Score for The Hateful Eight |last=Opam |first=Kwame |date=28 February 2016 |work=[[The Verge]] |access-date=18 October 2018}}</ref>

In June 2015, Morricone premiered his ''Missa Papae Francisci (Mass for Pope Francis)'' at Rome's [[Chiesa del Gesù]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Colombo |first1=Emanuele |title=The Miracle of Music: A Conversation with Ennio Morricone |journal=Journal of Jesuit Studies |date=2016 |volume=3 |issue=3 |page=476 |doi=10.1163/22141332-00303007 |doi-access=free }}</ref> with the Orchestra Roma Sinfonietta and choruses from the Accademia Santa Cecilia and the Rome Opera Theater.<ref>{{cite news |last1=NBCUniversal Media |title=Oscar-Winner Morricone Composes Mass for Pope Francis, Jesuits |url=https://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/local/ennio-morricone-pope-francis-jesuits-composer-music/146303/ |access-date=28 July 2022 |agency=Associated Press |date=9 June 2015}}</ref>