Editing End user (section)

==Empowerment==
The concept of end-user first surfaced in the late 1980s and has since then raised many debates. One challenge was the goal to give both the user more freedom, by adding advanced features and functions (for more advanced users) and adding more constraints (to prevent a neophyte user from accidentally erasing an entire company's database).<ref>{{Cite journal|title = User Empowerment or Family Self-Reliance? The Family Group Conference Model|jstor = 23714792|journal = The British Journal of Social Work|date = 1998-02-01|pages = 107–128|volume = 28|issue = 1|first = CAROL|last = LUPTON|doi = 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjsw.a011302}}</ref>  This phenomenon appeared as a consequence of  [[consumerization]] of computer products and software. In the 1960s and 1970s, computer users were generally programming experts and [[computer scientist]]s. However, in the 1980s, and especially in the mid-to-late 1990s and the early 2000s, everyday, regular people began using computer devices and software for personal and work use. IT specialists needed to cope with this trend in various ways. In the 2010s, users now want to have more control over the systems they operate, to solve their own problems, and be able to customize the systems to suit their needs. The apparent drawbacks were the risk of corruption of the systems and data the users had control of, due to their lack of knowledge on how to properly operate the computer/software at an advanced level.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Can IT Cope With Empowered End-Users?|url = https://www.forbes.com/sites/ciocentral/2010/12/07/can-it-cope-with-empowered-end-users/|website = Forbes|access-date = 2015-11-03}}</ref>

For companies to appeal to the user, it took primary care to accommodate and think of end-users in their new products, software launches, and updates. A partnership needed to be formed between the programmer-developers and the everyday end users so both parties could maximize the use of the products effectively.<ref>{{cite journal |id={{ProQuest|199819277}} |last1=Kappelman |first1=Leon A |last2=Guynes |first2=Carl Stephen |title=End-user training & empowerment |journal=Journal of Systems Management |location=Cleveland |volume=46 |issue=5 |date=1995 |pages=36}}</ref> A major example of the public's effects on end user's requirements were the public libraries. They have been affected by new technologies in many ways, ranging from the digitalization of their card catalog, the shift to [[e-book]]s, [[e-journal]]s, and offering online services. Libraries have had to undergo many changes in order to cope,<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Success factors for the future of information centres, commercial and public libraries: a study from Germany|journal = Interlending & Document Supply|pages = 183–188|volume = 38|issue = 3|doi = 10.1108/02641611011072387|first1 = Ragna|last1 = Seidler-de Alwis|first2 = Simone|last2 = Fühles-Ubach|year = 2010}}</ref> including training existing librarians in [[Web 2.0]] and [[database]] skills, to hiring IT and software experts.