Editing Emperor Kazan (section)

==Events of Kazan's life==
[[File:Tennō Kazan.jpg|thumb|right|Emperor Kazan, who was fooled into abdicating, on his way to the temple where he will become a Buddhist monk – woodblock print by Yoshitoshi Tsukioka (1839–1892)]]
Prince Morasada was seventeen years of age at the time of the succession.<ref>Titsingh, p. 148; Brown, p. 300.</ref>

* '''October 6, 984''' (''[[Eikan]] 1, 27th day of the 8th month'')<!-- [http://web.me.com/meyer.eva/www.yukikurete.de/nengo_calc.htm   NengoCalc] 永観一年八月二十七日  -->: In the 15th year of Emperor En'yu's reign (円融天皇十五年), he abdicated; and the succession (''senso'') was received by a nephew.  Shortly thereafter, Emperor Kazan is said to have acceded to the throne (''sokui'').<ref>Titsingh, p. 148; Brown, pp. 300; Varley, p. 44; a distinct act of ''senso'' is unrecognized prior to [[Emperor Tenji]]; and all sovereigns except [[Empress Jitō|Jitō]], [[Emperor Yōzei|Yōzei]], [[Emperor Go-Toba|Go-Toba]], and [[Emperor Fushimi|Fushimi]] have ''senso'' and ''sokui'' in the same year until the reign of [[Emperor Go-Murakami]].</ref>

He commissioned the [[Shūi Wakashū]].

* '''985''' (''[[Kanna (era)|Kanna]] 1, 4th month''): Fujiwara no Tokiakira and his brother, Yasusuke, contended with Fujiwara no Sukitaka and Ōe-no Masahira in a sword fight in Kyoto. Masahira lost the fingers of his left hand.  The two brothers fled; and after careful searching, Tokiakira was eventually located in [[Ōmi Province]].<ref name = "pqfptl"/>

He faced a tough political struggle from the [[Fujiwara clan|Fujiwara family]]; and at the age of nineteen, he was manipulated into abandoning the throne by [[Fujiwara no Kaneie]]. Kaneie told him that Ichijo (Kaneie's maternal grandson) already held the [[Imperial Regalia of Japan|Regalia]], and that there was no purpose in Kazan continuing to rule. Under some pressure, Kazan acquiesced, and went to the [[Gangyō-ji]] temple. He was accompanied by Kaneie's second son, [[Fujiwara no Michikane|Michikane]], who was also to enter religion. When they arrived, however, Michikane said he would like to see his parents one final time while he was still a layman. Michikane never came back.

* '''986''' (''Kanna 2, 6th month''): Kazan abdicated, and took up residence at [[Gangyō-ji]] where he became a Buddhist monk; and his new priestly name was Nyūkaku.<ref>Brown, p. 302.</ref>
* '''August 23, 986''' (''Kanna 2, 16th day of the 7th month'')<!-- 寛和二年七月十六日  -->: Iyasada''-shinnō'' was appointed as [[heir]] and [[crown prince]] at age 11.<ref>Brown, p. 307.</ref>  This followed the convention that two imperial lineages took the throne in turn, although Emperor Ichijō was in fact Iyasada's junior. He thus gained the [[nickname]] ''Sakasa-no moke-no kimi'' (the imperial heir in reverse). When Emperor Kanzan abandoned the world for holy orders, one grandson of Kaneie ascended to the throne as Emperor Ichijō (the 66th sovereign); and in due course, another grandson would follow on the throne as Emperor Sanjō (the 67th sovereign).<ref>Varley, p. 195.</ref>

Nyūkaku went on various [[pilgrimages]] and 're-founded' the [[Saigoku Kannon Pilgrimage]], which was established in the early 8th century by a monk to the name of Tokudo Shonin. This pilgrimage involves travelling to 33 locations across the eight provinces of the Western Japan.

Some scholars{{Who|date=February 2024}} doubt that Kazan, in his unstable mental condition at the time was involved with the founding of the pilgrimage, thereby leaving all of the credit to Shonin.

It is suggested by many scholars{{Who|date=March 2021}} that the mental health of Kazan, particularly in later life, was not stable; and therefore, living as a monk may have caused deteriorating behavior.

[[Image:Go-shichi no kiri crest 2.svg|thumb|left|140px|Decorative emblems (''kiri'') of the Hosokawa clan are found at [[Ryōan-ji]].  Kazan is amongst six other emperors entombed near what had been the residence of [[Hosokawa Katsumoto]] before the [[Ōnin War]].]]''[[Daijō-tennō]]'' Kazan died at the age of 41 on the 8th day of the 2nd month of the fifth year of ''[[Kankō]]'' (1008).<ref>Brown, p. 306.</ref>

The actual site of Kazan's [[grave (burial)|grave]] is known.<ref name="kunaicho"/>  This emperor is traditionally venerated at a [[memorial]] [[Shinto shrine]] (''misasagi'') at Kyoto.

The [[Imperial Household Agency]] designates this location as Kazan's [[mausoleum]].  It is formally named ''Kamiya no hotori no misasagi''.<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, p. 420.</ref>

He is buried amongst the "Seven Imperial Tombs" at Ryōan-ji Temple in Kyoto.<ref>The "Seven Imperial Tombs" at Ryoan-ji are the burial places of [[Emperor Uda|Uda]], Kazan, [[Emperor Ichijō|Ichijō]], [[Emperor Go-Suzaku|Go-Suzaku]], [[Emperor Go-Reizei|Go-Reizei]], [[Emperor Go-Sanjō|Go-Sanjō]], and [[Emperor Horikawa|Horikawa]].</ref> The mound which commemorates the Hosokawa Emperor Kazan is today named ''Kinugasa-yama.''  The emperor's burial place would have been quite humble in the period after Kazan died.  These tombs reached their present state as a result of the 19th century restoration of imperial sepulchers (''misasagi'') which were ordered by Emperor Meiji.<ref>Moscher, G. (1978). ''Kyoto: A Contemplative Guide,'' pp. 277–278.</ref>

===Kugyō===
{{nihongo|''[[Kugyō]]''|公卿}} is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the [[Emperor of Japan]] in pre-[[Meiji period|Meiji]] eras.

In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time.  These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career.  During Kazan's reign, this apex of the ''[[Daijō-kan]]'' included: 
* ''[[Kampaku]]'', [[Fujiwara no Yoritada]], 924–989.<ref name="b301">Brown, p. 301.</ref>
* ''[[Daijō-daijin]]'', Fujiwara no Yoritada.<ref name = "b301"/>
* ''[[Sadaijin]]'', [[Fujiwara no Kaneie]], 929–990.<ref name="b301" />
* ''[[Naidaijin]]'' (not appointed)
* ''[[Dainagon]]''