Editing Emperor Kaika (section)

==Known information==
[[File:NaraKaikaTennoRyo0367.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Official tomb of Emperor Kaika in [[Nara, Nara|Nara]].]]

The existence of at least the first nine Emperors is disputed due to insufficient material available for further verification and study.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.t-net.ne.jp/~keally/kofun.html|title=Kofun Culture|author=Kelly, Charles F.|work=www.t-net.ne.jp|access-date=May 17, 2019}}</ref> Kaika is thus regarded by historians as a "legendary Emperor", and is considered to have been the eighth of [[Nihon Shoki#Kesshi Hachidai|eight Emperors without specific legends associated with them]].{{efn|Also known as the {{Nihongo|"eight undocumented monarchs"|欠史八代|''Kesshi-hachidai''}}<ref name="aston">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_oEfAAAAYAAJ|title=Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697, Volume 2|author=Aston, William George.|publisher=The Japan Society London|date=1896|pages=109, 148–149|isbn=9780524053478 |author-link=William George Aston}}</ref>}} The name Kaika''-tennō'' was assigned to him [[Posthumous name|posthumously]] by later generations.
<ref name="name">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/ahistoryjapanes00kikugoog|title=''A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the end of the Meiji Era''|author=Brinkley, Frank|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica Company|year=1915|page=[https://archive.org/details/ahistoryjapanes00kikugoog/page/n33 21]|quote=Posthumous names for the earthly ''Mikados'' were invented in the reign of Emperor Kanmu (782–805), i.e., after the date of the compilation of the ''Records'' and the ''Chronicles.''|author-link=Francis Brinkley}}</ref> His name might have been regularized centuries after the lifetime ascribed to Kaika, possibly during the time in which legends about the origins of the [[Imperial House of Japan|imperial dynasty]] were compiled as the chronicles known today as the ''[[Kojiki]]''.<ref name="aston"/> While the actual site of Kaika's [[grave (burial)|grave]] is not known, the Emperor is traditionally venerated at a [[memorial]] [[Shinto]] [[shrine]] (''misasagi'') in [[Nara, Nara|Nara]]. The [[Imperial Household Agency]] designates this location as Kaika's [[mausoleum]], and its formal name is ''Kasuga no Izakawa no saka no e no misasagi''.<ref name="Fane"/><ref name="kunaicho"/>

Like [[Emperor Kōshō]] and [[Emperor Kōrei]], there is a possibility that ''"Kaika"'' could have lived instead in the 1st century (AD). Historian [[Louis Frédéric]] notes this idea in his book ''[[Japan Encyclopedia]]'' where he says "more likely early AD", but this remains [[Japan Encyclopedia#Criticism|disputed]] among other researchers.<ref name="Nussbaum"/><ref>{{cite journal|author=Miller, R. A.|title=''Journal of Asian History''|journal = Journal of Asian History|volume = 37|issue = 2|pages = 212–214|year=2003|quote=Review of ''Japan Encyclopedia''|jstor = 41933346}}</ref> The first emperor that historians state might have actually existed is [[Emperor Sujin]], the 10th emperor of Japan.<ref name="Fishbowl"/> Outside of the Kojiki, the reign of [[Emperor Kinmei]]{{efn|The 29th Emperor<ref name="Titsingh pp. 34-36">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon%20o%20dai%20itsi%20ran&pg=PA34|title=Nihon Ōdai Ichiran|author=Titsingh, Isaac.|publisher=Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland|language=fr|year=1834|pages=34–36|author-link=Isaac Titsingh}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&pg=PA261|title=A Translation and Study of the Gukanshō, an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219|author=[[Delmer Brown|Brown, Delmer M.]] and Ichirō Ishida|publisher=University of California Press|year=1979|pages=261–262|isbn=9780520034600}}</ref>}} ({{circa|509}}&nbsp;– 571 AD) is the first for which contemporary historiography is able to assign verifiable dates.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=axRyAAAAMAAJ&q=According+to+legend%2C+the+first+Japanese+Emperor+was+Jimmu.+Along+with+the+next+13+Emperors%2C+Jimmu+is+not+considered+an+actual%2C+historical+figure.+Historically+verifiable+Emperors+of+Japan+date+from+the+early+sixth+century+with+Kimmei.|title=''Japanese Politics: Fixed and Floating Worlds''|author=Hoye, Timothy.|publisher=Prentice Hall|year=1999|page=78|quote=According to legend, the first Japanese Emperor was Jimmu. Along with the next 13 Emperors, Jimmu is not considered an actual, historical figure. Historically verifiable Emperors of Japan date from the early sixth century with Kimmei.|isbn=9780132712897}}</ref> The conventionally accepted names and dates of the early Emperors were not confirmed as "traditional" though, until the reign of [[Emperor Kanmu]]{{efn|Kanmu was the 50th sovereign of the imperial dynasty}} between 737 and 806 AD.<ref name="aston"/>