Editing Emmeline Pankhurst (section)

== Marriage and family ==
[[File:RichardPankhurst1879 (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Richard Pankhurst (politician)|Richard Pankhurst]] first caught Goulden's eye when she spied his "beautiful hand" opening the door of a taxi as he arrived at a public meeting in 1878<ref>E. S. Pankhurst 1931, p. 55.</ref>]]

In the autumn of 1878, at the age of 20, Goulden met and began a relationship with [[Richard Pankhurst (politician)|Richard Pankhurst]], a barrister who had advocated women's suffrage – and other causes, including [[freedom of speech]] and education reform – for years. Richard, 44 years old when they met, had earlier resolved to remain a [[bachelor]] to better serve the public. Their mutual affection was powerful, but the couple's happiness was diminished by the death of his mother the following year. Sophia Jane Goulden chastised her daughter for "throwing herself" at Richard<ref>E. S. Pankhurst 1931, p. 56.</ref> and advised her without success to exhibit more aloofness. Emmeline suggested to Richard that they avoid the legal formalities of marriage by entering into a [[free union]]; he objected on the grounds that she would be excluded from political life as an unmarried woman. He noted that his colleague [[Elizabeth Clarke Wolstenholme Elmy|Elizabeth Wolstenholme Elmy]] had faced social condemnation before she formalised her marriage to Ben Elmy. Emmeline Goulden agreed, and they had their wedding in [[St Luke's Church, Pendleton]] on 18 December 1879.<ref>Purvis 2002, pp. 15–17; Pugh, pp. 19–24; E. S. Pankhurst 1931, pp. 55–57; C. Pankhurst, pp. 20–22; Bartley, pp. 25–27.</ref>
[[File:St Luke's church, Salford.JPG|left|180px|thumb|St Luke's Church, Pendleton]]
During the 1880s, living at the Goulden cottage with her parents in Seedley, then at 1 Drayton Terrace Chester Rd Old Trafford (1881 census Stretford) opposite Richard's parents home, Emmeline Pankhurst tended to her husband and children, but still devoted time to political activities. Although she gave birth to five children in ten years, both she and Richard believed that she should not be "a household machine".<ref>E. Pankhurst 1914, p. 13.</ref> Thus a butler was hired to help with the children as Pankhurst involved herself with the Women's Suffrage Society. Their daughter [[Christabel Pankhurst|Christabel]] was born on 22 September 1880, less than a year after the wedding. Pankhurst gave birth to another daughter, [[Sylvia Pankhurst|Estelle Sylvia]], in 1882, and their son Henry Francis Robert, nicknamed Frank, in 1884. Soon afterwards Richard Pankhurst left the [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal Party]]. He began expressing more radical socialist views and argued a case in court against several wealthy businessmen. These actions roused Robert Goulden's ire and the mood in the house became tense. In 1885, the Pankhursts moved to [[Chorlton-on-Medlock]], and their daughter [[Adela Pankhurst|Adela]] was born. They moved to London the following year, where Richard ran unsuccessfully for election as a Member of [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|Parliament]] and Pankhurst opened a small fabric shop called Emerson and Company, together with her sister Mary Jane.<ref name="children">Pugh, p. 26; E. S. Pankhurst 1931, pp. 57–58; C. Pankhurst, pp. 24–26; Purvis 2002, pp. 18–25; Bartley, p. 30.</ref><ref name="wsm">{{cite book |author=Crawford, Elizabeth |author-link=Elizabeth Crawford (historian) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a2EK9P7-ZMsC&q=Mary+Clarke+suffragette&pg=PA691 |title=Women's Suffrage Movement |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2013 |isbn=978-1135434021 |pages=114–115}}</ref>

In 1888, Pankhurst's son Frank developed [[diphtheria]]. He died on 11 September. Overwhelmed with grief, Pankhurst commissioned two portraits of the dead boy but was unable to look at them and hid them in a bedroom cupboard. The family concluded that a faulty [[drainage]] system at the back of their house had caused their son's illness. Pankhurst blamed the poor conditions of the neighbourhood, and the family moved to a more affluent middle class district at [[Russell Square]]. She was soon pregnant once more and declared that the child was "Frank coming again".<ref>E. S. Pankhurst 1931, p. 103.</ref> She gave birth to a son on 7 July 1889 and named him Henry Francis in honour of his deceased brother.<ref name="children"/>

Pankhurst made their Russell Square home into a centre for political intellectuals and activists, including, "Socialists, Protesters, Anarchists, Suffragists, Free Thinkers, Radicals and Humanitarians of all schools."<ref name="esp90">E.S. Pankhurst, p. 90.</ref> She took pleasure in decorating the house – especially with furnishings from Asia – and clothing the family in tasteful apparel. Her daughter Sylvia later wrote: "Beauty and appropriateness in her dress and household appointments seemed to her at all times an indispensable setting to public work."<ref name="esp90"/>

The Pankhursts hosted a variety of guests including Indian MP [[Dadabhai Naoroji]], socialist activists [[Herbert Burrows]] and [[Annie Besant]], and French anarchist [[Louise Michel]].<ref name="esp90"/>