Editing Emanuel Leutze (section)

===Europe===
In 1840, one of his paintings attracted attention and gave him several orders, which enabled him to attend the [[Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] in his native [[Germany]]. Due to his anti-academic attitude, he studied only one year at the academy, in the class of Director [[Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Schadow]]. Leutze was mostly influenced by the painter [[Karl Friedrich Lessing]].<ref>Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. 1854, S. 139.</ref> In 1842, he went to [[Munich]], studying the works of [[Peter von Cornelius|Cornelius]] and Kaulbach, and, while there, finished his ''Columbus before the Queen''. The following year he visited [[Venice]] and [[Rome]], making studies from [[Titian]] and [[Michelangelo]]. His first work, ''[[Columbus before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) was purchased by the Düsseldorf Art Union. A companion picture, ''Columbus in Chains'', procured him the gold medal of the Brussels Art Exhibition, and was subsequently purchased by the Art Union in New York; it was the basis of the 1893 $2 [[Columbian Issue]] stamp. In 1845, after a tour in Italy, he returned to Düsseldorf, marrying Juliane Lottner<ref name="danforth" /> and making his home there for 14 years.<ref name="appletons" />

During his years in Düsseldorf, he was a resource for visiting Americans: he found them places to live and work, provided introductions, and gave them emotional and even financial support.<ref name="danforth" /> For many years, he was the president of the Düsseldorf Artists' Association; in 1848, he was an early promoter of the "[[Malkasten]]" art association; and in 1857, he led the call for a gathering of artists which originated the founding of the Allgemeine deutsche Kunstgenossenschaft.<ref name="adb" />
A strong supporter of Europe's [[Revolutions of 1848]], Leutze decided to paint an image that would encourage Europe's liberal reformers with the example of the American Revolution. Using American tourists and art students as models and assistants, Leutze finished a first version of ''[[Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 painting)|Washington Crossing the Delaware]]'' in 1850.  Just after it was completed, the first version was damaged by fire in his studio, subsequently restored, and acquired by the Kunsthalle Bremen. On September 5, 1942, during World War II, it was destroyed in a bombing raid by the Allied forces. The second painting, a replica of the first, only larger, was ordered in 1850 by the Parisian art trader Adolphe Goupil for his New York branch and placed on exhibition on Broadway in October 1851.<ref>[[Barratt, Carrie Rebora]] (2011). [http://www.metmuseum.org/art/metpublications/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_Restoring_an_American_Masterpiece ''Washington Crossing the Delaware. Restoring an American Masterpiece'']. MET publications. S. 7. 
</ref> It is now owned by the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] in New York. In 1854, Leutze finished his depiction of the [[Battle of Monmouth]], "Washington rallying the troops at Monmouth," commissioned by an important patron, the banker [[David Leavitt (banker)|David Leavitt]] of New York City and [[Great Barrington, Massachusetts]].<ref>[http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1965/4/1965_4_14_print.shtml "Washington at Monmouth," American Heritage Magazine, June 1965, AmericanHeritage.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080608192951/http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1965/4/1965_4_14_print.shtml |date=2008-06-08 }}</ref>
[[File:Emanuel Leutze by Overbeck.jpg|thumb|Emanuel Leutze by G. & A. Overbeck (firm), c. 1868]]
[[Image:Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg|thumb|300px|''[[Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 painting)|Washington Crossing the Delaware]]'' (1851){{efn|According to one art critic, minor historical inaccuracies in Leutze's painting include the [[Betsy Ross flag]], which was created about one year after the event; soldiers used a different type of boat for the crossing; and Washington is depicted older than he was at the time of the crossing at age 44. The soldiers' uniforms are accurately depicted, and the painting correctly conveys colonial unity and pride.<ref>{{cite web |last=Parrish |first=R. Nelson |title=21 Flags |url=https://www.21flags.com/essay/ |year=2017 |website=21 Flags: Investigating American Identity }}</ref> &nbsp;The official United States flag was adopted by Congress on June 14, 1777.<ref>{{cite web | title=Origin and history of the American flag and of the naval and yacht-club signals, seals and arms, and principal national songs of the United States, with a chronicle of the symbols, standards, banners, and flags of ancient and modern nations |last=Preble |first=George Henry |year=1917 | url=https://archive.org/details/originandhistor01asnigoog |page=259|publisher=Philadelphia, N. L. Brown }}</ref>}} ]]