Editing Electronic music (section)

=== Early compositions ===
[[File:Lev Termen playing - cropped.jpg|left|thumb|[[Leon Theremin]] demonstrating the theremin in 1927]]
Developments of the [[vacuum tube]] led to electronic instruments that were smaller, [[amplifier|amplified]], and more practical for performance.<ref name="holmes_18">{{harvnb|Holmes|2012|p=18}}</ref> In particular, the [[theremin]], [[ondes Martenot]] and [[trautonium]] were commercially produced by the early 1930s.<ref name="holmes_21">{{harvnb|Holmes|2012|p=21}}</ref><ref name="holmes_33">{{harvnb|Holmes|2012|p=33}}; {{citation |author=Lee De Forest |date=1950 |title=Father of radio: the autobiography of Lee de Forest |publisher=Wilcox & Follett |pages=[https://archive.org/details/fatherofradioaut0000defo <!-- quote="Audion Piano". --> 306–307] }}</ref>

From the late 1920s, the increased practicality of electronic instruments influenced composers such as [[Joseph Schillinger]] and [[Maria Schüppel|Maria Schuppel]] to adopt them. They were typically used within orchestras, and most composers wrote parts for the theremin that could otherwise be performed with [[string instrument]]s.<ref name="holmes_21"/>

[[Avant-garde music|Avant-garde composers]] criticized the predominant use of electronic instruments for conventional purposes.<ref name="holmes_21"/> The instruments offered expansions in pitch resources<ref name="roads_204">{{harvnb|Roads|2015|p=204}}</ref> that were exploited by advocates of microtonal music such as [[Charles Ives]], [[Dimitrios Levidis]], [[Olivier Messiaen]] and [[Edgard Varèse]].<ref name="holmes_24">{{harvnb|Holmes|2012|p=24}}</ref><ref name="holmes_26">{{harvnb|Holmes|2012|p=26}}</ref><ref name="holmes_28">{{harvnb|Holmes|2012|p=28}}</ref> Further, [[Percy Grainger]] used the theremin to abandon fixed tonation entirely,<ref name="toop_00">{{harvnb|Toop|2016|loc="Free lines"}}</ref> while Russian composers such as [[Gavriil Popov (composer)|Gavriil Popov]] treated it as a source of noise in otherwise-acoustic [[noise music]].<ref name="smirnov_00">{{harvnb|Smirnov|2014|loc="Russian Electroacoustic Music from the 1930s–2000s"}}</ref>