Editing Edward the Confessor (section)

==Early reign==
{{Further|Government in Anglo-Saxon England}}
[[Image:Edward the Confessor sealed writ.jpg|thumb|A sealed writ of Edward the Confessor]]

Following Harthacnut's death on 8 June 1042, Godwin, the most powerful of the English earls, supported Edward, who succeeded to the throne.{{sfn|Barlow|2006}} The ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'' describes the popularity he enjoyed at his accession&nbsp;– "before he [Harthacnut] was buried, all the people chose Edward as king in London."{{sfn|Giles|1914|p=114}} Edward was crowned at [[Winchester Cathedral|the cathedral of Winchester]], the royal seat of the [[Wessex|West Saxons]], on Easter Sunday, 3 April 1043.{{sfn|Barlow|1970|p=[https://archive.org/details/edwardconfessor00barl/page/61 61]}}

Edward complained that his mother had "done less for him than he wanted before he became king, and also afterwards". In November 1043, he rode to Winchester with his three leading earls, [[Leofric, Earl of Mercia|Leofric of Mercia]], Godwin, and [[Siward, Earl of Northumbria|Siward of Northumbria]], to deprive her of her property, possibly because she was holding on to treasure which belonged to the king. Her adviser, [[Stigand]], was deprived of his bishopric of [[Bishop of Norwich|Elmham]] in [[East Anglia]]. However, both were soon restored to favour. Emma died in 1052.{{sfn|Rex|2008|pp=48–49}}

Edward's position when he came to the throne was weak. Effective rule required keeping on terms with the three leading earls, but loyalty to the ancient house of Wessex had been eroded by the period of Danish rule, and only Leofric was descended from a family which had served Æthelred. Siward was probably Danish, and although Godwin was English, he was one of Cnut's new men, married to Cnut's former sister-in-law. However, in his early years, Edward restored the traditional strong monarchy, showing himself, in Frank Barlow's view, "a vigorous and ambitious man, a true son of the impetuous Æthelred and the formidable Emma."{{sfn|Barlow|2006}}

In 1043, Godwin's eldest son [[Sweyn Godwinson|Sweyn]] was appointed to an earldom in the south-west midlands, and on 23 January 1045 Edward married Godwin's daughter [[Edith of Wessex|Edith]]. Soon afterwards, her brother [[Harold Godwinson|Harold]] and her Danish cousin [[Beorn Estrithson]] were also given earldoms in southern England. Godwin and [[House of Godwin|his family]] now ruled subordinately all of [[Southern England]]. However, in 1047 Sweyn was banished for abducting the abbess of [[Leominster]]. In 1049, he returned to try to regain his earldom, but this was said to have been opposed by Harold and Beorn, probably because they had been given Sweyn's land in his absence. Sweyn murdered his cousin Beorn and went again into exile. Edward's nephew [[Ralph the Timid|Ralph]] was given Beorn's earldom, but the following year Sweyn's father was able to secure his reinstatement.{{sfn|Mortimer|2009|p=|loc=maps between pp. 116 & 117}}

The wealth of Edward's lands exceeded that of the greatest earls, but they were scattered among the southern earldoms. He had no personal power base, and it seems he did not attempt to build one. In 1050–51 he even paid off the fourteen foreign ships which constituted his standing navy and abolished the tax raised to pay for it.{{sfn|Barlow|2006}}{{sfn|Mortimer|2009|pp=26–28}} However, in ecclesiastical and foreign affairs he was able to follow his own policy. King [[Magnus the Good|Magnus I of Norway]] aspired to the English throne, and in 1045 and 1046, fearing an invasion, Edward took command of the fleet at [[Sandwich, Kent|Sandwich]]. Beorn's elder brother, [[Sweyn II of Denmark]] "submitted himself to Edward as a son", hoping for his help in his battle with Magnus for control of Denmark, but in 1047 Edward rejected Godwin's demand that he send aid to Sweyn, and it was only Magnus's death in October that saved England from attack and allowed Sweyn to take the Danish throne.{{sfn|Barlow|2006}}

Modern historians reject the traditional view that Edward mainly employed Norman favourites, but he did have foreigners in his household, including a few Normans, who became unpopular. Chief among them was Robert, abbot of the Norman abbey of Jumièges, who had known Edward from the 1030s and came to England with him in 1041, becoming bishop of London in 1043. According to the ''Vita Edwardi'', he became "always the most powerful confidential adviser to the king".{{sfn|van Houts|2009|p=69}}{{sfn|Gem|2009|p=171}}{{efn|Robert of Jumièges is usually described as Norman, but his origin is unknown, possibly Frankish.{{sfn|van Houts|2009|p=70}} }}