Editing Edmund Barton (section)

===Childhood and education===
Barton spent his early years in Glebe, but in 1851 the family moved into the inner city, living on Cumberland Street in [[The Rocks, New South Wales|The Rocks]].{{sfn|Bolton|2000|p=5}} He had a relatively comfortable upbringing, although his father faced financial difficulties on a number of occasions. To support the family during those periods, his mother ran a boarding school for girls.{{sfn|Bolton|2000|p=4}} His parents were both highly literate, and his mother in particular "provided much of the direction and encouragement for Edmund's impressive academic achievement".{{sfn|Bolton|2000|p=15}} Barton began his formal education at what is now the [[Fort Street Public School]]. He later attended [[Sydney Grammar School]], possibly as one of the first students after the school's opening in 1857.{{sfn|Bolton|2000|p=6}} One of his close friends in his youth was [[Richard Edward O'Connor|Richard O'Connor]], who would eventually join him on the High Court. Barton was the [[Dux#Education|dux]] and school captain at Sydney Grammar in 1863 and 1864. He [[matriculated]] at the [[University of Sydney]] in 1865, aged 16, and was awarded a special prize by the university senate.{{sfn|Bolton|2000|p=9}} Barton failed to win one of the three entrance scholarships to the University, owing to "an insufficiency of mathematics".<ref>William Coleman,''Their Fiery Cross of Union. A Retelling of the Creation of the Australian Federation, 1889-1914'', Connor Court, Queensland, 2021, p.106.</ref>

At university, Barton specialised in [[classics]] but also studied English literature, mathematics, physics, and French.{{sfn|Bolton|2000|p=9}} He became fluent in Ancient Greek and Latin, and retained a command of both later in life.{{efn|In a speech to the Parliament of New South Wales in 1879, Barton quoted [[Homer]] in the original Greek.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Edmund Barton|first=David|last=Ash|url=http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/NSWBarAssocNews/2007/55.pdf|journal=Bar News|publisher=[[New South Wales Bar Association]]|year=2007|page=47|access-date=1 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102050415/http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/NSWBarAssocNews/2007/55.pdf|archive-date=2 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> As prime minister in 1902, he met with [[Pope Leo XIII]] in Rome and conversed in Latin.{{sfn|Ash|2007|p=52}}}} A new professor, [[Charles Badham]], arrived in 1867 and was a "profound influence". Barton won scholarships in his second and third years. He graduated Bachelor of Arts in 1868 with first-class honours, and was awarded the equivalent of the [[University Medal]] as well as a prize of £20. He proceeded to Master of Arts by examination in 1870.{{sfn|Bolton|2000|p=10}}