Editing Economy of Turkmenistan (section)

==Fiscal policy==
The government budget is developed and implemented in accord with the Law “On Budget System”. The law fixes the legal foundations of organizing management and operating the budget system, and regulates interrelations between budgets at all levels. The government of [[Turkmenistan]] discusses the state budget draft and submits it to the [[President of Turkmenistan]]. One month prior to the beginning of the fiscal year the President of Turkmenistan submits to the [[Assembly of Turkmenistan]] (Mejlis) the state budget draft for consideration and adoption. The [[Ministry of Finance (Turkmenistan)|Ministry of Economy and Finance]] is responsible for state finances.

Budget statistics are unreliable because the government spends large amounts of extra-budgetary funds.<ref name=":1" /> The 2021 budget of the Turkmenistan government totaled 79.5&nbsp;billion&nbsp;manats of revenue, down from 84.39&nbsp;billion&nbsp;manats in 2020, and 103.57&nbsp;billion&nbsp;manats in 2017.  The 2021 expenditure budget was set at 72.1&nbsp;billion&nbsp;manats.<ref name=azat1>{{cite news|url=https://rus.azathabar.com/a/30913898.html|title=Госбюджет Туркменистана на 2021 год опять оказался меньше, чем предыдущий|date=26 October 2020|language=Russian|publisher=RFE/RL}}</ref><ref name=budget2020>{{cite news|url=https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/36737/zakon-turkmenistana-o-gosudarstvennom-byudzhete-turkmenistana-na-2021-god|title=Закон Туркменистана о Государственном бюджете Туркменистана на 2021 год|date=25 October 2020|language=Russian|publisher=«Туркменистан: золотой век»}}</ref> In November 2023 state media reported the 2022 budget as 124.299 billion manats revenue and 117,601 billion manats expenditure.<ref name="2022budget">{{citation | url=https://tdh.gov.tm/ru/post/38779/postanovlenie-medzhlisa-turkmenistana-6 | title= Постановление Меджлиса Туркменистана Об исполнении Государственного бюджета Туркменистана за 2022 год |trans-title = Resolution of the Turkmenistan Mejlis on execution of the state budget of Turkmenistan for 2022 | date= 25 November 2023 |language=ru |publisher=Туркменистан сегодня}}</ref>

The [[Central Bank of Turkmenistan]] controls the issue of money, but does not publish data on the money supply.<ref name=cbt4>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbt.tm/en/laws/tmb_hakynda_kanun.html|title=LAW OF TURKMENISTAN On Central Bank of Turkmenistan|access-date=14 March 2021}}</ref>

The Central Bank promotes cashless transactions.<ref name=beznalich>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbt.tm/ru/payment/payment.html|title=Платежная система Туркменистана|language=Russian|publisher=Central Bank of Turkmenistan}}</ref>  In the January–April period of 2020, the volume of cashless transactions using debit cards slightly more than tripled compared to the same period in 2019, to just under 1.9 billion manat.<ref name=beznalich2>{{cite news|url=https://business.com.tm/ru/post/5548/obem-beznalichnyh-raschetov-v-turkmenistane-priblizilsya-k-2-mlrd-manat|title=Объем безналичных расчетов в Туркменистане приблизился к 2 млрд. манат|date=26 May 2020|language=Russian|publisher=Business Turkmenistan}}</ref> This shift from cash to electronic payments was not without problems; shortages of cash in automatic teller machines and inadequate availability of card payment facilities at points of sale were reported.<ref name=beznalich3>{{cite news|url=https://www.hronikatm.com/2020/04/atm-limits/|title=Бердымухамедов призвал внедрять безналичный расчет. Банки сократили лимит на снятие наличных.|date=13 April 2020|language=Russian|publisher=Chronicles of Turkmenistan}}</ref>

At least one non-governmental organization has openly called the economy of Turkmenistan a [[kleptocracy]].<ref name=crudeacc>{{cite web|url=https://crudeaccountability.org/wp-content/uploads/web_Turkmenistan_A_Model_Kleptocracy_report.pdf|title=Turkmenistan: A Model Kleptocracy |date=June 2021 |publisher=[[Crude Accountability]] }}</ref>