Editing Economy of Chile (section)

==Sectors==
During 2012, the largest sectors by GDP were mining (mainly copper), business services, personal services, manufacturing and wholesale and retail trade. Mining also represented 59.5% of exports in the period, while the manufacturing sector accounted for 34% of exports, concentrated mainly in food products, chemicals and pulp, paper and others.<ref>[http://si3.bcentral.cl/Siete/secure/cuadros/home.aspx?Idioma=en-US Central Bank of Chile Statistical Database.] National Accounts and External Sector Statistics.</ref>

===Agriculture===
{{main|Agriculture in Chile}}
Chile is one of the 5 largest world producers of [[cherry]] and [[cranberry]], and one of the 10 largest world producers of [[grape]], [[apple]], [[Kiwifruit|kiwi]], [[peach]], [[plum]] and [[hazelnut]], focusing on exporting high-value fruits.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.fao.org/faostat/es/#data/QC/| title = Chile en 2018, por FAO}}</ref>

In 2018, Chile was the 9th largest producer of [[grape]]s in the world, with 2 million tons produced; the 10th largest producer of [[apple]]s in the world, with 1.7 million tons produced; and the 6th largest producer of [[Kiwifruit|kiwi]] in the world, with 230 thousand tons produced, in addition to producing 1.4 million tons of [[wheat]], 1.1 million tons of [[maize]], 1.1 million tons of [[potatoes]], 951 thousand tons of [[tomatoes]], 571 thousand tons of [[oats]], 368 thousand tons of [[onions]], 319 thousand tons of [[peaches]], 280 thousand tons of [[pears]], 192 thousand tons of [[rice]], 170 thousand tons of [[barley]], 155 thousand tons of [[cherries]], 151 thousand tons of [[lemons]], 118 thousand tons of [[tangerines]], 113 thousand tons of [[Orange (fruit)|oranges]], 110 thousand tons of [[olives]], 106 thousand tons of [[cranberries]], in addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/| title = Chile production in 2018, by FAO}}</ref>

Agriculture and allied sectors like forestry, logging and fishing accounts only for 4.9% of the GDP as of 2007 and employed 13.6% of the country's [[labor force]]. Some major agriculture products of Chile includes grapes, apples, pears, onions, wheat, corn, oats, peaches, garlic, asparagus, beans, beef, poultry, wool, fish and timber.<ref name="cia.gov">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/chile/ Chile]. ''[[The World Factbook]]''. [[Central Intelligence Agency]].</ref>

Chile's position in the [[Southern Hemisphere]] leads to an agricultural season cycle opposite to those of the principal consumer markets, primarily located in the Northern Hemisphere.<ref name="Amcham"/> Chile's extreme north–south orientation produces seven different macro-regions distinguished by climate and geographical features, which allows the country itself to stagger harvests and results in extended harvesting seasons.<ref name="Amcham"/> However, the [[Geography of Chile|mountainous landscape of Chile]] limits the extent and intensity of agriculture so that arable land corresponds only to 2.62% of the total territory.<ref name="cia.gov"/> Through Chile's trade agreements, its agricultural products have gained access to a market controlling 77% of the world's GDP and by approximately 2012, 74% of Chilean agribusiness exports will be duty-free.<ref name="Amcham"/>

Chile's principal [[growing region]] and agricultural heartland is the [[Chilean Central Valley|Central Valley]] delimited by the [[Chilean Coast Range]] in the west, the [[Andes]] in the east [[Aconcagua River]] by the north and [[Bío-Bío River]] by the south. In the northern half of Chile cultivation is highly dependent on [[irrigation]]. South of the Central Valley cultivation is gradually replaced by [[aquaculture]], [[silviculture]], sheep and cattle farming.

====Salmon====
{{main|Aquaculture in Chile}}
Chile is the second largest producer of [[salmon]] in the world.<ref name="Amcham"/> As of August 2007, Chile's share of worldwide salmon industry sales was 38.2%, rising from just 10% in 1990.<ref name="Amcham"/> The average growth rate of the industry for the 20 years between 1984 and 2004 was 42% per year.<ref name="Amcham"/> The presence of large foreign firms in the salmon industry has brought what probably most contributes to Chile's burgeoning salmon production, technology.<ref name="Amcham"/> Technology transfer has allowed Chile to build its global competitiveness and innovation and has led to the expansion of production as well as to an increase in average firm size in the industry.<ref name="Amcham"/> In November 2018, the Chinese company Joyvio Group ([[Legend Holdings]]) bought the Chilean salmon producer Australis Seafoods for $880&nbsp;million, thus gaining control over 30% of all Chilean salmon exports.<ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://www.elmercurio.com/Inversiones/Noticias/Analisis/2018/11/19/SalmonChile-compra-de-Australis-Seafoods-demuestra-que-salmon-tiene-futuro-en-China.aspx SalmonChile: compra de Australis Seafoods demuestra que salmón tiene futuro en China] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221170129/https://www.elmercurio.com/Inversiones/Noticias/Analisis/2018/11/19/SalmonChile-compra-de-Australis-Seafoods-demuestra-que-salmon-tiene-futuro-en-China.aspx |date=21 December 2019 }}, ''Elmercurio.com'', 19 November 2018</ref><ref>{{in lang|es}} [https://www.terram.cl/2018/11/grupos-extranjeros-pasarian-a-controlar-37-de-los-envios-de-salmon-chileno/ Grupos extranjeros pasarían a controlar 37% de los envíos de salmón chileno] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220005154/https://www.terram.cl/2018/11/grupos-extranjeros-pasarian-a-controlar-37-de-los-envios-de-salmon-chileno/ |date=20 February 2019 }}, ''Terram.cl''</ref>

====Forestry====
{{main|Forestry in Chile}}
The Chilean forestry industry grew to comprise 13% of the country's total exports in 2005, making it one of the largest export sectors for Chile.<ref name="Amcham"/> [[Radiata Pine]] and [[Eucalyptus]] comprise the vast majority of Chile's forestry exports.<ref name="Amcham"/> Within the forestry sector, the largest contributor to total production is [[Pulp (paper)|pulp]], followed by wood-based panels and [[lumber]].<ref name="Amcham"/> Due to popular and increasing demands for Chile's forestry products, the government is currently focusing on increasing the already vast acreage of Chile's Pine and Eucalyptus plantations as well as opening new industrial plants.<ref name="Amcham">{{cite web|url=http://www.amchamchile.cl/estudios|title=Estudios|work=AmCham Chile|date=22 January 2008|access-date=11 June 2015}}</ref>

====Wine====
{{main|Chilean wine}}
[[File:Chileanwine.jpg|thumb|right | Wines of Chile]]

Chile's unique geography and climate make it ideal for winegrowing and the country has made the top ten list of wine producers many times in the last few decades.

The popularity of Chilean wine has been attributed not just to the quantity produced but also to increasing levels of quality.<ref>[http://www.thisischile.cl/8998/2/casa-real-chiles-first-wine-legend/News.aspx Casa Real: Chile’s first wine legend] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122230442/http://www.thisischile.cl/8998/2/casa-real-chiles-first-wine-legend/News.aspx |date=22 November 2013 }} www.thisischile.cl Friday, 15 November 2013 retrieved 22 November 2013</ref> The combination of quantity and quality allows Chile to export excellent wines at reasonable prices to the international market.<ref>[http://www.winesofchile.org/chilean-wine/viticultural-paradise/ Viticultural Paradise] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210064842/http://www.winesofchile.org/chilean-wine/viticultural-paradise/ |date=10 December 2013 }} www.winesofchile.org Retrieved 22 November 2013</ref>

===Mining===
{{main|Mining in Chile}}
[[File:Chuqui001.jpg|thumb|Chile produces more than a third of the world's copper.]]
The mining sector in Chile is one of the pillars of Chilean economy. The Chilean government strongly supports foreign investment in the sector and has modified its mining industry laws and regulations to create a favorable investing environment for foreigners. Thanks to a large amount of copper resources, complaisant legislation and an unregulated investment environment, Chile has become one of the main [[copper]] producers, with almost 30% of the global annual copper output.<ref name="Amcham"/><ref>{{cite web| url = https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-copper.pdf| title = Copper production in 2019 by USGS}}</ref>

In addition to copper, Chile was, in 2019, the world's largest producer of [[iodine]]<ref>{{cite web| url = https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-iodine.pdf| title = USGS Iodine Production Statistics}}</ref> and [[rhenium]],<ref>{{cite web| url = https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-rhenium.pdf| title = USGS Rhenium Production Statistics}}</ref> the second largest producer of [[lithium]]<ref>{{cite web| url = https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-lithium.pdf| title = USGS Lithium Production Statistics}}</ref> and [[molybdenum]],<ref>{{cite web| url = https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-molybdenum.pdf| title = USGS Molybdenum Production Statistics}}</ref> the sixth largest producer of [[silver]],<ref>{{cite web| url = https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-silver.pdf| title = USGS Silver Production Statistics}}</ref> the seventh largest producer of [[salt]],<ref>{{cite web| url = https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-salt.pdf| title = USGS Salt Production Statistics}}</ref> the eighth largest producer of [[potash]],<ref>{{cite web| url = https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-potash.pdf| title = USGS Potash Product ion Statistics}}</ref> the thirteenth producer of [[sulfur]]<ref>{{cite web| url = https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-sulfur.pdf| title = USGS Sulfur Production Statistics}}</ref> and the thirteenth producer of [[iron ore]]<ref>{{cite web| url = https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-iron-ore.pdf| title = USGS Iron Ore Production Statistics}}</ref> in the world. The country also has considerable [[gold]] production: between 2006 and 2017, the country produced annual amounts ranging from 35.9 tonnes in 2017 to 51.3 tonnes in 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/chile/gold-production|title=Chile Gold Production, 1990 – 2024 &#124; CEIC Data|website=www.ceicdata.com}}</ref>

===Services===

The service sector in Chile has grown fast and consistently in recent decades,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bcentral.cl/estudios/documentos-trabajo/pdf/dtbc288.pdf |title=PATRONES DE ESPECIALIZACIÓN Y CRECIMIENTO SECTORIAL EN CHILE] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613125416/http://www.bcentral.cl/estudios/documentos-trabajo/pdf/dtbc288.pdf |archive-date=13 June 2007}} Central Bank of Chile Roberto Álvarez, Rodrigo Fuentes | Working Papers | N° 288 |December 2004</ref> reinforced by the rapid development of communication and information technology, access to education and an increase in specialist skills and knowledge among the workforce.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.latercera.com/noticia/educacion/2013/06/657-529909-9-segun-informe-el-crecimiento-de-la-educacion-superior-en-chile-supero-la-media.shtml |title=Según informe el crecimiento de la educación superior en Chile superó la media de la Ocde |language=es |trans-title=According to a report, the growth of higher education in Chile exceeded the OECD average |website=www.latercera.om |date=6 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627034552/http://www.latercera.com/noticia/educacion/2013/06/657-529909-9-segun-informe-el-crecimiento-de-la-educacion-superior-en-chile-supero-la-media.shtml |archive-date=27 June 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
Chilean foreign policy has recognized the importance of the [[tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sector]] or service sector to the economy, boosting its international liberalization and leading to the signing of several [[free trade area]] agreements.
Chilean service exportation consists mainly of maritime and aeronautical services, tourism, retail (department stores, supermarkets, and shopping centers), engineering and construction services, informatics, health and education.<ref>[http://chileabroad.gov.cl/sobre-chile/asi-es-chile/panorama-actual/economia/ Economía Crecimiento Sostenido] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203091123/http://chileabroad.gov.cl/sobre-chile/asi-es-chile/panorama-actual/economia/ |date=3 February 2014 }} {{cite web |url=http://chileabroad.gov.cl/ |title=Chile en el Exterior |access-date=3 October 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002063156/http://chileabroad.gov.cl/ |archive-date=2 October 2015 }} 27 January 2014</ref>

Chile ranked first among Latin American countries (and No. 32 worldwide) in [[Adecco]]'s 2019 Global Talent Competitiveness Index (GTCI).<ref>{{in lang|es}} Mike Cortez, [http://latam-outsource.com/2019/01/22/america-latina-rezagada-en-talento-de-acuerdo-con-ranking-de-adecco/ América Latina Rezagada En Talento De Acuerdo Con Ranking De Adecco] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220003029/http://latam-outsource.com/2019/01/22/america-latina-rezagada-en-talento-de-acuerdo-con-ranking-de-adecco/ |date=20 February 2019 }}, ''Latam-outsource.com'', 22 January 2019</ref>

====Finance====
Chile's financial sector has grown quickly in recent years, with a banking reform law approved in 1997 that broadened the scope of permissible foreign activity for Chilean banks. The Chilean Government implemented a further liberalization of capital markets in 2001, and there is further pending legislation proposing further liberalization. Over the last ten years, people who live in Chile have enjoyed the introduction of new financial tools such as home equity loans, currency futures and options, factoring, leasing, and debit cards. The introduction of these new products has also been accompanied by an increased use of traditional instruments such as loans and credit cards. Chile's private pension system, with assets worth roughly $70&nbsp;billion at the end of 2006, has been an important source of investment capital for the capital market. However, by 2009, it was reported that $21&nbsp;billion had been lost from the pension system to the [[2008 financial crisis]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/chile/090121/uncertain-future |title=An uncertain future |publisher=GlobalPost |access-date=17 December 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811120405/https://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/chile/090121/uncertain-future |archive-date=11 August 2010 }}</ref>

====Tourism====
[[File:Valle_del_Elqui,_La_Serena-Chile.JPG|thumb|[[Elqui Valley (wine region)|Elqui Valley]], wine and pisco region]]
{{main|Tourism in Chile}}
Tourism in Chile has experienced sustained growth over the last decades. Chile received about 2.25&nbsp;million foreign visitors in 2006,<ref name="INE">{{cite web |url=http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/estadisticas_economicas/turismo/infoanual/informesanuales.php |title=2006 Tourism Report |access-date=5 August 2008 |publisher=INE |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080730174532/http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/estadisticas_economicas/turismo/infoanual/informesanuales.php <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 30 July 2008}}</ref> up to 2.50&nbsp;million in 2007<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tourismroi.com/Content_Attachments/27670/File_633513750035785076.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=18 November 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819191518/http://www.tourismroi.com/Content_Attachments/27670/File_633513750035785076.pdf |archive-date=19 August 2008 }}</ref>
The percentages of foreign tourists arrivals by land, air and sea were, respectively, 55.3%, 40.5% and 4.2% for that year.<ref name="INE"/> The two main gateways for international tourists visiting Chile are [[Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport]] and [[Paso Libertadores|Paso Los Libertadores]].

Chile has a great diversity of natural landscapes, from the Mars-like landscapes of the hyperarid [[Atacama Desert]] to the glacier-fed fjords of the Chilean [[Patagonia]], passing by the winelands backdropped by the [[Andes]] of the [[Chilean Central Valley|Central Valley]] and the old-growth forests of the Lakes District. [[Easter Island]] and [[Juan Fernández Archipelago]], including [[Robinson Crusoe Island]], are also major attractions.

Many of the most visited attractions in Chile are protected areas. The extensive [[Protected areas of Chile|Chilean protected areas]] system includes 32 protected parks, 48 natural reserves and 15 natural monuments.<ref name="INE"/>