Editing EMI (section)

== Electronics research and development ==
===Television===
In 1934, an EMI research team led by Sir [[Isaac Shoenberg]] developed the electronic [[405-line television system|Marconi-EMI system]] for television broadcasting, which quickly replaced [[John Logie Baird|Baird's]] [[Mechanical television|electro-mechanical system]] following its introduction in 1936.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sir Isaac Shoenberg, British inventor|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Isaac-Shoenberg |access-date=22 July 2020 |work=Encyclopaedia Britannica|quote=principal inventor of the first high-definition television system}}</ref> After the [[Second World War]], EMI resumed its involvement in making broadcasting equipment, notably providing the [[BBC]]'s second television transmitter at Sutton Coldfield. It also manufactured broadcast television cameras for British television production companies as well as for the BBC. The commercial television [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] companies also used them alongside cameras made by [[Pye Ltd.|Pye]] and [[Marconi Company|Marconi]]. Their best-remembered piece of broadcast television equipment was the [[EMI 2001]] colour television camera, which became the mainstay of much of the British television industry from the end of the 1960s until the early 1990s. Exports of this piece of equipment were low, however, and EMI left this area of product manufacture.

=== Blumlein and radar ===
EMI engineer [[Alan Blumlein]] received a patent for the invention of [[stereophonic sound]] in 1931.<ref name="stereo">{{cite news |title=Early stereo recordings restored |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7537782.stm |quote=Blumlein lodged the patent for 'binaural sound', in 1931, in a paper which patented stereo records, stereo films and also surround sound. He and his colleagues then made a series of experimental recordings and films to demonstrate the technology, and see if there was any commercial interest from the fledgling film and audio industry. |publisher=[[BBC]] |access-date=7 August 2008 |date=1 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807025132/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7537782.stm |archive-date=7 August 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> He was killed in 1942 whilst conducting flight trials on an experimental [[H2S radar]] set.

During and after [[World War II]], the [[EMI Laboratories]] in [[Hayes, Hillingdon]] developed [[radar]] equipment (including the receiver section of the British Army's GL-II anti-aircraft fire-control radar), microwave devices such as the [[klystron|reflex klystron]] oscillator (having played a crucial role in the development of early production types following on from the British Admiralty Signal School's pioneering NR89, the so-called "Sutton tube"), electro-optic devices such as infra-red image converters, and eventually [[missile|guided missiles]] employing analogue computers.

===Photomultipliers===
The company was also for many years an internationally respected manufacturer of [[photomultiplier]]s. This part of the business was transferred to Thorn as part of Thorn-EMI, then later became the independent concern Electron Tubes Ltd.

===Computers and CT scanner===
The EMI Electronic Business Machine, a [[Vacuum tube|valve]] and magnetic [[drum memory]] computer, was built in the 1950s to process the [[British Motor Corporation]] payroll.<ref name=computerconservationsociety-16>{{cite journal |url=http://www.computerconservationsociety.org/resurrection/res16.htm#f |journal=Resurrection |title=Early Computer Developments at EMI |last=Clayden |first=Ron |publisher=Computer Conservation Society |date=Christmas 1996 |issue=16 |issn=0958-7403 |access-date=28 July 2017}}</ref><ref name=thinkingmachine-2010/>

In 1958, the [[EMIDEC 1100]], the UK's first commercially available all-[[transistor]] computer, was developed at EMI's [[Central Research Laboratories]] in Hayes under the leadership of [[Godfrey Hounsfield]], an electrical engineer at EMI.<ref name=thinkingmachine-2010>{{cite report |url=http://thinkingmachine.org.uk/och1/CCS-M1X5.pdf |title=The EMIDEC 1100 computer : historical notes and references  |first=Simon |last=Lavington |publisher=thinkingmachine.org.uk |date=November 2010 |access-date=28 July 2017}}</ref>

In the early 1970s, with financial support by the UK [[Department of Health and Social Security]] as well as EMI research investment,<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Maizlin ZV, Vos PM |title=Do we really need to thank the Beatles for the financing of the development of the computed tomography scanner? |journal=Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=161–4 |year=2012 |pmid=22446352 |doi=10.1097/RCT.0b013e318249416f |s2cid=36121898 }}</ref> Hounsfield developed the first [[CT scan]]ner, a device which revolutionised [[medical imaging]]. In 1973, EMI was awarded a prestigious [[Queen's Awards for Enterprise|Queen's Award for Technological Innovation]] for what was then called the ''EMI scanner'';<ref>The Times, 20 April 1973, p19, "''The Queen's Award to Industry''"</ref> in 1979, Hounsfield won the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize]] for his accomplishment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1979/index.html|title=Nobelprize.org|publisher=Nobelprize.org|access-date=13 August 2010}}</ref>

After brief, but brilliant, success in the medical imaging field, EMI's manufacturing activities were sold off to other companies, notably Thorn (see [[Thorn EMI]]). Subsequently, development and manufacturing activities were sold off to other companies and work moved to other towns such as Crawley and Wells.

<gallery>
File:EMI CPS Emitron Camera Head, 1950 (7649950230).jpg|Emitron television camera
File:H2S Radar.jpg|H2S radar display set
File:Emi1010.jpg|First commercially available CT scanner made by EMI
File:9781a emi lielbritanija.jpg|EMI photomultiplier tubes
File:EMI portable reel-to-reel tape recorder.JPG|EMI tape recorder
</gallery>

===Emihus===
Emihus Electronics, based in [[Glenrothes]], Scotland, was owned 51% by [[Hughes Aircraft]], of California, US, and 49% by EMI. It manufactured [[integrated circuits]], electrolytic capacitors and, for a short period in the mid-1970s, hand-held [[calculators]] under the Gemini name.<ref>The Times, 15 February 1974, p30, "''American link expands range and techniques''"</ref>